[pylint] Implement `too-many-public-methods` rule (PLR0904) (#6179)

Implement
https://pylint.pycqa.org/en/latest/user_guide/messages/refactor/too-many-public-methods.html

Confusingly the rule page mentions a max of 7 while in practice it is
20.
https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Apylint-dev%2Fpylint+max-public-methods&type=code

## Summary

Implement pylint's R0904

## Test Plan

Unit tests.

crates/ruff/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/too_many_public_methods.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+class Everything:
+    foo = 1
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _private(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method1(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method2(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method3(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method4(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method5(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method6(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method7(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method8(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method9(self):
+        pass
+
+class Small:
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _private(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method1(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method2(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method3(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method4(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method5(self):
+        pass
+
+    def method6(self):
+        pass

crates/ruff/src/checkers/ast/analyze/statement.rs

@@ -411,6 +411,13 @@ pub(crate) fn statement(stmt: &Stmt, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::EqWithoutHash) {
                 pylint::rules::object_without_hash_method(checker, class_def);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::TooManyPublicMethods) {
+                pylint::rules::too_many_public_methods(
+                    checker,
+                    class_def,
+                    checker.settings.pylint.max_public_methods,
+                );
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::GlobalStatement) {
                 pylint::rules::global_statement(checker, name);
             }

crates/ruff/src/codes.rs

@@ -269,6 +269,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Pylint, "W1510") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::SubprocessRunWithoutCheck),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
         (Pylint, "W1641") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::pylint::rules::EqWithoutHash),
+        (Pylint, "R0904") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::TooManyPublicMethods),
         (Pylint, "W2901") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::RedefinedLoopName),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
         (Pylint, "W3201") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::pylint::rules::BadDunderMethodName),

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs

@@ -256,4 +256,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert_messages!(diagnostics);
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn too_many_public_methods() -> Result<()> {
+        let diagnostics = test_path(
+            Path::new("pylint/too_many_public_methods.py"),
+            &Settings {
+                pylint: pylint::settings::Settings {
+                    max_public_methods: 7,
+                    ..pylint::settings::Settings::default()
+                },
+                ..Settings::for_rules(vec![Rule::TooManyPublicMethods])
+            },
+        )?;
+        assert_messages!(diagnostics);
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/rules/mod.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ pub(crate) use subprocess_run_without_check::*;
 pub(crate) use sys_exit_alias::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_arguments::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_branches::*;
+pub(crate) use too_many_public_methods::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_return_statements::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_statements::*;
 pub(crate) use type_bivariance::*;
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ mod subprocess_run_without_check;
 mod sys_exit_alias;
 mod too_many_arguments;
 mod too_many_branches;
+mod too_many_public_methods;
 mod too_many_return_statements;
 mod too_many_statements;
 mod type_bivariance;

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/rules/too_many_public_methods.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast as ast;
+use ruff_python_semantic::analyze::visibility::{self, Visibility::Public};
+use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for classes with too many public methods
+///
+/// By default, this rule allows up to 20 statements, as configured by the
+/// [`pylint.max-public-methods`] option.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// Classes with many public methods are harder to understand
+/// and maintain.
+///
+/// Instead, consider refactoring the class into separate classes.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// Assuming that `pylint.max-public-settings` is set to 5:
+/// ```python
+/// class Linter:
+///     def __init__(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def pylint(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def pylint_settings(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def flake8(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def flake8_settings(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def pydocstyle(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def pydocstyle_settings(self):
+///         pass
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// class Linter:
+///     def __init__(self):
+///         self.pylint = Pylint()
+///         self.flake8 = Flake8()
+///         self.pydocstyle = Pydocstyle()
+///
+///     def lint(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///
+/// class Pylint:
+///     def lint(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def settings(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///
+/// class Flake8:
+///     def lint(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def settings(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///
+/// class Pydocstyle:
+///     def lint(self):
+///         pass
+///
+///     def settings(self):
+///         pass
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Options
+/// - `pylint.max-public-methods`
+#[violation]
+pub struct TooManyPublicMethods {
+    methods: usize,
+    max_methods: usize,
+}
+
+impl Violation for TooManyPublicMethods {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        let TooManyPublicMethods {
+            methods,
+            max_methods,
+        } = self;
+        format!("Too many public methods ({methods} > {max_methods})")
+    }
+}
+
+/// R0904
+pub(crate) fn too_many_public_methods(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    class_def: &ast::StmtClassDef,
+    max_methods: usize,
+) {
+    let methods = class_def
+        .body
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|stmt| {
+            stmt.as_function_def_stmt()
+                .is_some_and(|node| matches!(visibility::method_visibility(node), Public))
+        })
+        .count();
+
+    if methods > max_methods {
+        checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
+            TooManyPublicMethods {
+                methods,
+                max_methods,
+            },
+            class_def.range(),
+        ));
+    }
+}

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/settings.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ pub struct Settings {
     pub max_returns: usize,
     pub max_branches: usize,
     pub max_statements: usize,
+    pub max_public_methods: usize,
 }
 
 impl Default for Settings {
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ impl Default for Settings {
             max_returns: 6,
             max_branches: 12,
             max_statements: 50,
+            max_public_methods: 20,
         }
     }
 }

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/snapshots/ruff__rules__pylint__tests__too_many_public_methods.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs
+---
+too_many_public_methods.py:1:1: PLR0904 Too many public methods (10 > 7)
+   |
+ 1 | / class Everything:
+ 2 | |     foo = 1
+ 3 | | 
+ 4 | |     def __init__(self):
+ 5 | |         pass
+ 6 | | 
+ 7 | |     def _private(self):
+ 8 | |         pass
+ 9 | | 
+10 | |     def method1(self):
+11 | |         pass
+12 | | 
+13 | |     def method2(self):
+14 | |         pass
+15 | | 
+16 | |     def method3(self):
+17 | |         pass
+18 | | 
+19 | |     def method4(self):
+20 | |         pass
+21 | | 
+22 | |     def method5(self):
+23 | |         pass
+24 | | 
+25 | |     def method6(self):
+26 | |         pass
+27 | | 
+28 | |     def method7(self):
+29 | |         pass
+30 | | 
+31 | |     def method8(self):
+32 | |         pass
+33 | | 
+34 | |     def method9(self):
+35 | |         pass
+   | |____________^ PLR0904
+36 |   
+37 |   class Small:
+   |
+
+

crates/ruff_python_semantic/src/analyze/visibility.rs

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pub(crate) fn function_visibility(function: &ast::StmtFunctionDef) -> Visibility
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn method_visibility(function: &ast::StmtFunctionDef) -> Visibility {
+pub fn method_visibility(function: &ast::StmtFunctionDef) -> Visibility {
     // Is this a setter or deleter?
     if function.decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
         collect_call_path(&decorator.expression).is_some_and(|call_path| {

crates/ruff_workspace/src/configuration.rs

@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ mod tests {
         Rule::QuadraticListSummation,
     ];
 
-    const PREVIEW_RULES: &[Rule] = &[Rule::SliceCopy];
+    const PREVIEW_RULES: &[Rule] = &[Rule::TooManyPublicMethods, Rule::SliceCopy];
 
     #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
     fn resolve_rules(

crates/ruff_workspace/src/options.rs

@@ -2155,6 +2155,13 @@ pub struct PylintOptions {
     /// Maximum number of statements allowed for a function or method body (see:
     /// `PLR0915`).
     pub max_statements: Option<usize>,
+    #[option(
+        default = r"20",
+        value_type = "int",
+        example = r"max-public-methods = 20"
+    )]
+    /// Maximum number of public methods allowed for a class (see: `PLR0904`).
+    pub max_public_methods: Option<usize>,
 }
 
 impl PylintOptions {
@@ -2168,6 +2175,9 @@ impl PylintOptions {
             max_returns: self.max_returns.unwrap_or(defaults.max_returns),
             max_branches: self.max_branches.unwrap_or(defaults.max_branches),
             max_statements: self.max_statements.unwrap_or(defaults.max_statements),
+            max_public_methods: self
+                .max_public_methods
+                .unwrap_or(defaults.max_public_methods),
         }
     }
 }

ruff.schema.json

@@ -1612,6 +1612,15 @@
           "format": "uint",
           "minimum": 0.0
         },
+        "max-public-methods": {
+          "description": "Maximum number of public methods allowed for a class (see: `PLR0904`).",
+          "type": [
+            "integer",
+            "null"
+          ],
+          "format": "uint",
+          "minimum": 0.0
+        },
         "max-returns": {
           "description": "Maximum number of return statements allowed for a function or method body (see `PLR0911`)",
           "type": [
@@ -2296,6 +2305,8 @@
         "PLR040",
         "PLR0402",
         "PLR09",
+        "PLR090",
+        "PLR0904",
         "PLR091",
         "PLR0911",
         "PLR0912",