[`flake8-simplify`] Further simplify to binary in preview for `if-else-block-instead-of-if-exp (SIM108)` (#12796)

In most cases we should suggest a ternary operator, but there are three
edge cases where a binary operator is more appropriate.

Given an if-else block of the form

```python
if test:
    target_var = body_value
else:
    target_var = else_value
```
This PR updates the check for SIM108 to the following:

- If `test == body_value` and preview enabled, suggest to replace with
`target_var = test or else_value`
- If `test == not body_value` and preview enabled, suggest to replace
with `target_var = body_value and else_value`
- If `not test == body_value` and preview enabled, suggest to replace
with `target_var = body_value and else_value`
- Otherwise, suggest to replace with `target_var = body_value if test
else else_value`

Closes #12189.
This commit is contained in:
Dylan 2024-08-10 11:49:25 -05:00 committed by GitHub
parent cf1a57df5a
commit 0c2b88f224
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GPG Key ID: B5690EEEBB952194
5 changed files with 698 additions and 9 deletions

View File

@ -135,3 +135,62 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
x = 3
else:
x = 5
# SIM108 - should suggest
# z = cond or other_cond
if cond:
z = cond
else:
z = other_cond
# SIM108 - should suggest
# z = cond and other_cond
if not cond:
z = cond
else:
z = other_cond
# SIM108 - should suggest
# z = not cond and other_cond
if cond:
z = not cond
else:
z = other_cond
# SIM108 does not suggest
# a binary option in these cases,
# despite the fact that `bool`
# is a subclass of both `int` and `float`
# so, e.g. `True == 1`.
# (Of course, these specific expressions
# should be simplified for other reasons...)
if True:
z = 1
else:
z = other
if False:
z = 1
else:
z = other
if 1:
z = True
else:
z = other
# SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
# case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
# from Two to one.
if foo():
z = foo()
else:
z = other
# SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
# case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
# from Two to one.
if foo():
z = not foo()
else:
z = other

View File

@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ mod tests {
use test_case::test_case;
use crate::registry::Rule;
use crate::settings::types::PreviewMode;
use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
use crate::test::test_path;
use crate::{assert_messages, settings};
@ -54,4 +56,22 @@ mod tests {
assert_messages!(snapshot, diagnostics);
Ok(())
}
#[test_case(Rule::IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp, Path::new("SIM108.py"))]
fn preview_rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
let snapshot = format!(
"preview__{}_{}",
rule_code.noqa_code(),
path.to_string_lossy()
);
let diagnostics = test_path(
Path::new("flake8_simplify").join(path).as_path(),
&LinterSettings {
preview: PreviewMode::Enabled,
..LinterSettings::for_rule(rule_code)
},
)?;
assert_messages!(snapshot, diagnostics);
Ok(())
}
}

View File

@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Edit, Fix, FixAvailability, Violation};
use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, ElifElseClause, Expr, Stmt};
use ruff_python_ast::comparable::ComparableExpr;
use ruff_python_ast::helpers::contains_effect;
use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, BoolOp, ElifElseClause, Expr, Stmt};
use ruff_python_semantic::analyze::typing::{is_sys_version_block, is_type_checking_block};
use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
@ -9,12 +11,15 @@ use crate::fix::edits::fits;
/// ## What it does
/// Check for `if`-`else`-blocks that can be replaced with a ternary operator.
/// Moreover, in [preview], check if these ternary expressions can be
/// further simplified to binary expressions.
///
/// ## Why is this bad?
/// `if`-`else`-blocks that assign a value to a variable in both branches can
/// be expressed more concisely by using a ternary operator.
/// be expressed more concisely by using a ternary or binary operator.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```python
/// if foo:
/// bar = x
@ -27,11 +32,31 @@ use crate::fix::edits::fits;
/// bar = x if foo else y
/// ```
///
/// Or, in [preview]:
///
/// ```python
/// if cond:
/// z = cond
/// else:
/// z = other_cond
/// ```
///
/// Use instead:
///
/// ```python
/// z = cond or other_cond
/// ```
///
/// ## References
/// - [Python documentation: Conditional expressions](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#conditional-expressions)
///
/// [preview]: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/preview/
#[violation]
pub struct IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp {
/// The ternary or binary expression to replace the `if`-`else`-block.
contents: String,
/// Whether to use a binary or ternary assignment.
kind: AssignmentKind,
}
impl Violation for IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp {
@ -39,12 +64,19 @@ impl Violation for IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp {
#[derive_message_formats]
fn message(&self) -> String {
let IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp { contents } = self;
format!("Use ternary operator `{contents}` instead of `if`-`else`-block")
let IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp { contents, kind } = self;
match kind {
AssignmentKind::Ternary => {
format!("Use ternary operator `{contents}` instead of `if`-`else`-block")
}
AssignmentKind::Binary => {
format!("Use binary operator `{contents}` instead of `if`-`else`-block")
}
}
}
fn fix_title(&self) -> Option<String> {
let IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp { contents } = self;
let IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp { contents, .. } = self;
Some(format!("Replace `if`-`else`-block with `{contents}`"))
}
}
@ -121,9 +153,59 @@ pub(crate) fn if_else_block_instead_of_if_exp(checker: &mut Checker, stmt_if: &a
return;
}
let target_var = &body_target;
let ternary = ternary(target_var, body_value, test, else_value);
let contents = checker.generator().stmt(&ternary);
// In most cases we should now suggest a ternary operator,
// but there are three edge cases where a binary operator
// is more appropriate.
//
// For the reader's convenience, here is how
// the notation translates to the if-else block:
//
// ```python
// if test:
// target_var = body_value
// else:
// target_var = else_value
// ```
//
// The match statement below implements the following
// logic:
// - If `test == body_value` and preview enabled, replace with `target_var = test or else_value`
// - If `test == not body_value` and preview enabled, replace with `target_var = body_value and else_value`
// - If `not test == body_value` and preview enabled, replace with `target_var = body_value and else_value`
// - Otherwise, replace with `target_var = body_value if test else else_value`
let (contents, assignment_kind) =
match (checker.settings.preview.is_enabled(), test, body_value) {
(true, test_node, body_node)
if ComparableExpr::from(test_node) == ComparableExpr::from(body_node)
&& !contains_effect(test_node, |id| {
checker.semantic().has_builtin_binding(id)
}) =>
{
let target_var = &body_target;
let binary = assignment_binary_or(target_var, body_value, else_value);
(checker.generator().stmt(&binary), AssignmentKind::Binary)
}
(true, test_node, body_node)
if (test_node.as_unary_op_expr().is_some_and(|op_expr| {
op_expr.op.is_not()
&& ComparableExpr::from(&op_expr.operand) == ComparableExpr::from(body_node)
}) || body_node.as_unary_op_expr().is_some_and(|op_expr| {
op_expr.op.is_not()
&& ComparableExpr::from(&op_expr.operand) == ComparableExpr::from(test_node)
})) && !contains_effect(test_node, |id| {
checker.semantic().has_builtin_binding(id)
}) =>
{
let target_var = &body_target;
let binary = assignment_binary_and(target_var, body_value, else_value);
(checker.generator().stmt(&binary), AssignmentKind::Binary)
}
_ => {
let target_var = &body_target;
let ternary = assignment_ternary(target_var, body_value, test, else_value);
(checker.generator().stmt(&ternary), AssignmentKind::Ternary)
}
};
// Don't flag if the resulting expression would exceed the maximum line length.
if !fits(
@ -139,6 +221,7 @@ pub(crate) fn if_else_block_instead_of_if_exp(checker: &mut Checker, stmt_if: &a
let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(
IfElseBlockInsteadOfIfExp {
contents: contents.clone(),
kind: assignment_kind,
},
stmt_if.range(),
);
@ -154,7 +237,18 @@ pub(crate) fn if_else_block_instead_of_if_exp(checker: &mut Checker, stmt_if: &a
checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
}
fn ternary(target_var: &Expr, body_value: &Expr, test: &Expr, orelse_value: &Expr) -> Stmt {
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum AssignmentKind {
Binary,
Ternary,
}
fn assignment_ternary(
target_var: &Expr,
body_value: &Expr,
test: &Expr,
orelse_value: &Expr,
) -> Stmt {
let node = ast::ExprIf {
test: Box::new(test.clone()),
body: Box::new(body_value.clone()),
@ -168,3 +262,33 @@ fn ternary(target_var: &Expr, body_value: &Expr, test: &Expr, orelse_value: &Exp
};
node1.into()
}
fn assignment_binary_and(target_var: &Expr, left_value: &Expr, right_value: &Expr) -> Stmt {
let node = ast::ExprBoolOp {
op: BoolOp::And,
values: vec![left_value.clone(), right_value.clone()],
range: TextRange::default(),
};
let node1 = ast::StmtAssign {
targets: vec![target_var.clone()],
value: Box::new(node.into()),
range: TextRange::default(),
};
node1.into()
}
fn assignment_binary_or(target_var: &Expr, left_value: &Expr, right_value: &Expr) -> Stmt {
(ast::StmtAssign {
range: TextRange::default(),
targets: vec![target_var.clone()],
value: Box::new(
(ast::ExprBoolOp {
range: TextRange::default(),
op: BoolOp::Or,
values: vec![left_value.clone(), right_value.clone()],
})
.into(),
),
})
.into()
}

View File

@ -119,4 +119,186 @@ SIM108.py:117:1: SIM108 Use ternary operator `x = 3 if True else 5` instead of `
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `x = 3 if True else 5`
SIM108.py:141:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = cond if cond else other_cond` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
139 | # SIM108 - should suggest
140 | # z = cond or other_cond
141 | / if cond:
142 | | z = cond
143 | | else:
144 | | z = other_cond
| |__________________^ SIM108
145 |
146 | # SIM108 - should suggest
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = cond if cond else other_cond`
Unsafe fix
138 138 |
139 139 | # SIM108 - should suggest
140 140 | # z = cond or other_cond
141 |-if cond:
142 |- z = cond
143 |-else:
144 |- z = other_cond
141 |+z = cond if cond else other_cond
145 142 |
146 143 | # SIM108 - should suggest
147 144 | # z = cond and other_cond
SIM108.py:148:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = cond if not cond else other_cond` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
146 | # SIM108 - should suggest
147 | # z = cond and other_cond
148 | / if not cond:
149 | | z = cond
150 | | else:
151 | | z = other_cond
| |__________________^ SIM108
152 |
153 | # SIM108 - should suggest
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = cond if not cond else other_cond`
Unsafe fix
145 145 |
146 146 | # SIM108 - should suggest
147 147 | # z = cond and other_cond
148 |-if not cond:
149 |- z = cond
150 |-else:
151 |- z = other_cond
148 |+z = cond if not cond else other_cond
152 149 |
153 150 | # SIM108 - should suggest
154 151 | # z = not cond and other_cond
SIM108.py:155:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = not cond if cond else other_cond` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
153 | # SIM108 - should suggest
154 | # z = not cond and other_cond
155 | / if cond:
156 | | z = not cond
157 | | else:
158 | | z = other_cond
| |__________________^ SIM108
159 |
160 | # SIM108 does not suggest
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = not cond if cond else other_cond`
Unsafe fix
152 152 |
153 153 | # SIM108 - should suggest
154 154 | # z = not cond and other_cond
155 |-if cond:
156 |- z = not cond
157 |-else:
158 |- z = other_cond
155 |+z = not cond if cond else other_cond
159 156 |
160 157 | # SIM108 does not suggest
161 158 | # a binary option in these cases,
SIM108.py:167:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = 1 if True else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
165 | # (Of course, these specific expressions
166 | # should be simplified for other reasons...)
167 | / if True:
168 | | z = 1
169 | | else:
170 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
171 |
172 | if False:
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = 1 if True else other`
Unsafe fix
164 164 | # so, e.g. `True == 1`.
165 165 | # (Of course, these specific expressions
166 166 | # should be simplified for other reasons...)
167 |-if True:
168 |- z = 1
169 |-else:
170 |- z = other
167 |+z = 1 if True else other
171 168 |
172 169 | if False:
173 170 | z = 1
SIM108.py:177:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = True if 1 else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
175 | z = other
176 |
177 | / if 1:
178 | | z = True
179 | | else:
180 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
181 |
182 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = True if 1 else other`
Unsafe fix
174 174 | else:
175 175 | z = other
176 176 |
177 |-if 1:
178 |- z = True
179 |-else:
180 |- z = other
177 |+z = True if 1 else other
181 178 |
182 179 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
183 180 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
SIM108.py:185:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = foo() if foo() else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
183 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
184 | # from Two to one.
185 | / if foo():
186 | | z = foo()
187 | | else:
188 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
189 |
190 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = foo() if foo() else other`
Unsafe fix
182 182 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
183 183 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
184 184 | # from Two to one.
185 |-if foo():
186 |- z = foo()
187 |-else:
188 |- z = other
185 |+z = foo() if foo() else other
189 186 |
190 187 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
191 188 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
SIM108.py:193:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = not foo() if foo() else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
191 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
192 | # from Two to one.
193 | / if foo():
194 | | z = not foo()
195 | | else:
196 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = not foo() if foo() else other`
Unsafe fix
190 190 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
191 191 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
192 192 | # from Two to one.
193 |-if foo():
194 |- z = not foo()
195 |-else:
196 |- z = other
193 |+z = not foo() if foo() else other

View File

@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
---
source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_simplify/mod.rs
---
SIM108.py:2:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `b = c if a else d` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
1 | # SIM108
2 | / if a:
3 | | b = c
4 | | else:
5 | | b = d
| |_________^ SIM108
6 |
7 | # OK
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `b = c if a else d`
Unsafe fix
1 1 | # SIM108
2 |-if a:
3 |- b = c
4 |-else:
5 |- b = d
2 |+b = c if a else d
6 3 |
7 4 | # OK
8 5 | b = c if a else d
SIM108.py:30:5: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `b = 1 if a else 2` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
28 | pass
29 | else:
30 | if a:
| _____^
31 | | b = 1
32 | | else:
33 | | b = 2
| |_____________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `b = 1 if a else 2`
Unsafe fix
27 27 | if True:
28 28 | pass
29 29 | else:
30 |- if a:
31 |- b = 1
32 |- else:
33 |- b = 2
30 |+ b = 1 if a else 2
34 31 |
35 32 |
36 33 | import sys
SIM108.py:58:1: SIM108 Use ternary operator `abc = x if x > 0 else -x` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
57 | # SIM108 (without fix due to comments)
58 | / if x > 0:
59 | | # test test
60 | | abc = x
61 | | else:
62 | | # test test test
63 | | abc = -x
| |____________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `abc = x if x > 0 else -x`
SIM108.py:82:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `b = "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccß" if a else "ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd💣"` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
81 | # SIM108
82 | / if a:
83 | | b = "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccß"
84 | | else:
85 | | b = "ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd💣"
| |_____________________________________________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `b = "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccß" if a else "ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd💣"`
Unsafe fix
79 79 |
80 80 |
81 81 | # SIM108
82 |-if a:
83 |- b = "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccß"
84 |-else:
85 |- b = "ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd💣"
82 |+b = "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccß" if a else "ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd💣"
86 83 |
87 84 |
88 85 | # OK (too long)
SIM108.py:105:1: SIM108 Use ternary operator `exitcode = 0 if True else 1` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
104 | # SIM108 (without fix due to trailing comment)
105 | / if True:
106 | | exitcode = 0
107 | | else:
108 | | exitcode = 1 # Trailing comment
| |________________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `exitcode = 0 if True else 1`
SIM108.py:112:1: SIM108 Use ternary operator `x = 3 if True else 5` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
111 | # SIM108
112 | / if True: x = 3 # Foo
113 | | else: x = 5
| |___________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `x = 3 if True else 5`
SIM108.py:117:1: SIM108 Use ternary operator `x = 3 if True else 5` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
116 | # SIM108
117 | / if True: # Foo
118 | | x = 3
119 | | else:
120 | | x = 5
| |_________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `x = 3 if True else 5`
SIM108.py:141:1: SIM108 [*] Use binary operator `z = cond or other_cond` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
139 | # SIM108 - should suggest
140 | # z = cond or other_cond
141 | / if cond:
142 | | z = cond
143 | | else:
144 | | z = other_cond
| |__________________^ SIM108
145 |
146 | # SIM108 - should suggest
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = cond or other_cond`
Unsafe fix
138 138 |
139 139 | # SIM108 - should suggest
140 140 | # z = cond or other_cond
141 |-if cond:
142 |- z = cond
143 |-else:
144 |- z = other_cond
141 |+z = cond or other_cond
145 142 |
146 143 | # SIM108 - should suggest
147 144 | # z = cond and other_cond
SIM108.py:148:1: SIM108 [*] Use binary operator `z = cond and other_cond` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
146 | # SIM108 - should suggest
147 | # z = cond and other_cond
148 | / if not cond:
149 | | z = cond
150 | | else:
151 | | z = other_cond
| |__________________^ SIM108
152 |
153 | # SIM108 - should suggest
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = cond and other_cond`
Unsafe fix
145 145 |
146 146 | # SIM108 - should suggest
147 147 | # z = cond and other_cond
148 |-if not cond:
149 |- z = cond
150 |-else:
151 |- z = other_cond
148 |+z = cond and other_cond
152 149 |
153 150 | # SIM108 - should suggest
154 151 | # z = not cond and other_cond
SIM108.py:155:1: SIM108 [*] Use binary operator `z = not cond and other_cond` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
153 | # SIM108 - should suggest
154 | # z = not cond and other_cond
155 | / if cond:
156 | | z = not cond
157 | | else:
158 | | z = other_cond
| |__________________^ SIM108
159 |
160 | # SIM108 does not suggest
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = not cond and other_cond`
Unsafe fix
152 152 |
153 153 | # SIM108 - should suggest
154 154 | # z = not cond and other_cond
155 |-if cond:
156 |- z = not cond
157 |-else:
158 |- z = other_cond
155 |+z = not cond and other_cond
159 156 |
160 157 | # SIM108 does not suggest
161 158 | # a binary option in these cases,
SIM108.py:167:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = 1 if True else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
165 | # (Of course, these specific expressions
166 | # should be simplified for other reasons...)
167 | / if True:
168 | | z = 1
169 | | else:
170 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
171 |
172 | if False:
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = 1 if True else other`
Unsafe fix
164 164 | # so, e.g. `True == 1`.
165 165 | # (Of course, these specific expressions
166 166 | # should be simplified for other reasons...)
167 |-if True:
168 |- z = 1
169 |-else:
170 |- z = other
167 |+z = 1 if True else other
171 168 |
172 169 | if False:
173 170 | z = 1
SIM108.py:177:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = True if 1 else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
175 | z = other
176 |
177 | / if 1:
178 | | z = True
179 | | else:
180 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
181 |
182 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = True if 1 else other`
Unsafe fix
174 174 | else:
175 175 | z = other
176 176 |
177 |-if 1:
178 |- z = True
179 |-else:
180 |- z = other
177 |+z = True if 1 else other
181 178 |
182 179 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
183 180 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
SIM108.py:185:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = foo() if foo() else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
183 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
184 | # from Two to one.
185 | / if foo():
186 | | z = foo()
187 | | else:
188 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
189 |
190 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = foo() if foo() else other`
Unsafe fix
182 182 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
183 183 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
184 184 | # from Two to one.
185 |-if foo():
186 |- z = foo()
187 |-else:
188 |- z = other
185 |+z = foo() if foo() else other
189 186 |
190 187 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
191 188 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
SIM108.py:193:1: SIM108 [*] Use ternary operator `z = not foo() if foo() else other` instead of `if`-`else`-block
|
191 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
192 | # from Two to one.
193 | / if foo():
194 | | z = not foo()
195 | | else:
196 | | z = other
| |_____________^ SIM108
|
= help: Replace `if`-`else`-block with `z = not foo() if foo() else other`
Unsafe fix
190 190 | # SIM108 does not suggest a binary option in this
191 191 | # case, since we'd be reducing the number of calls
192 192 | # from Two to one.
193 |-if foo():
194 |- z = not foo()
195 |-else:
196 |- z = other
193 |+z = not foo() if foo() else other