diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index fa39ba32d2..8869d8bef0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -754,6 +754,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "etcetera"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "136d1b5283a1ab77bd9257427ffd09d8667ced0570b6f938942bc7568ed5b943"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "home",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "eyre"
 version = "0.6.12"
@@ -2493,7 +2504,7 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "colored",
- "dirs 5.0.1",
+ "etcetera",
  "glob",
  "globset",
  "ignore",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index c617d5d69e..645ee958a4 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ countme = { version = "3.0.1" }
 criterion = { version = "0.5.1", default-features = false }
 crossbeam = { version = "0.8.4" }
 dashmap = { version = "5.5.3" }
-dirs = { version = "5.0.0" }
 drop_bomb = { version = "0.1.5" }
 env_logger = { version = "0.11.0" }
+etcetera = { version = "0.8.0" }
 fern = { version = "0.6.1" }
 filetime = { version = "0.2.23" }
 glob = { version = "0.3.1" }
diff --git a/crates/ruff_workspace/Cargo.toml b/crates/ruff_workspace/Cargo.toml
index 25c5fbaa84..20a81205c5 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_workspace/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/ruff_workspace/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ ruff_macros = { workspace = true }
 
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
 colored = { workspace = true }
-dirs = { workspace = true }
 ignore = { workspace = true }
 is-macro = { workspace = true }
 itertools = { workspace = true }
@@ -42,6 +41,9 @@ shellexpand = { workspace = true }
 strum = { workspace = true }
 toml = { workspace = true }
 
+[target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
+etcetera = { workspace = true }
+
 [dev-dependencies]
 # Enable test rules during development
 ruff_linter = { workspace = true, features = ["clap", "test-rules"] }
diff --git a/crates/ruff_workspace/src/pyproject.rs b/crates/ruff_workspace/src/pyproject.rs
index 75a6d13243..6230672814 100644
--- a/crates/ruff_workspace/src/pyproject.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff_workspace/src/pyproject.rs
@@ -98,31 +98,44 @@ pub fn find_settings_toml<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Option<PathBuf>> {
 
 /// Find the path to the user-specific `pyproject.toml` or `ruff.toml`, if it
 /// exists.
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 pub fn find_user_settings_toml() -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    // Search for a user-specific `.ruff.toml`.
-    let mut path = dirs::config_dir()?;
-    path.push("ruff");
-    path.push(".ruff.toml");
-    if path.is_file() {
-        return Some(path);
+    use etcetera::BaseStrategy;
+    use ruff_linter::warn_user_once;
+
+    let strategy = etcetera::base_strategy::choose_base_strategy().ok()?;
+    let config_dir = strategy.config_dir().join("ruff");
+
+    // Search for a user-specific `.ruff.toml`, then a `ruff.toml`, then a `pyproject.toml`.
+    for filename in [".ruff.toml", "ruff.toml", "pyproject.toml"] {
+        let path = config_dir.join(filename);
+        if path.is_file() {
+            return Some(path);
+        }
     }
 
-    // Search for a user-specific `ruff.toml`.
-    let mut path = dirs::config_dir()?;
-    path.push("ruff");
-    path.push("ruff.toml");
-    if path.is_file() {
-        return Some(path);
+    // On macOS, we used to support reading from `/Users/Alice/Library/Application Support`.
+    if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+        let strategy = etcetera::base_strategy::Apple::new().ok()?;
+        let deprecated_config_dir = strategy.data_dir().join("ruff");
+
+        for file in [".ruff.toml", "ruff.toml", "pyproject.toml"] {
+            let path = deprecated_config_dir.join(file);
+            if path.is_file() {
+                warn_user_once!(
+                    "Reading configuration from `~/Library/Application Support` is deprecated. Please move your configuration to `{}/{file}`.",
+                    config_dir.display(),
+                );
+                return Some(path);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    // Search for a user-specific `pyproject.toml`.
-    let mut path = dirs::config_dir()?;
-    path.push("ruff");
-    path.push("pyproject.toml");
-    if path.is_file() {
-        return Some(path);
-    }
+    None
+}
 
+#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+pub fn find_user_settings_toml() -> Option<PathBuf> {
     None
 }
 
diff --git a/docs/faq.md b/docs/faq.md
index ed8475f2f5..b287b21c21 100644
--- a/docs/faq.md
+++ b/docs/faq.md
@@ -612,16 +612,20 @@ Ruff doesn't currently support INI files, like `setup.cfg` or `tox.ini`.
 
 ## How can I change Ruff's default configuration?
 
-When no configuration file is found, Ruff will look for a user-specific `pyproject.toml` or
-`ruff.toml` file as a last resort. This behavior is similar to Flake8's `~/.config/flake8`.
+When no configuration file is found, Ruff will look for a user-specific `ruff.toml` file as a
+last resort. This behavior is similar to Flake8's `~/.config/flake8`.
 
-On macOS, Ruff expects that file to be located at `/Users/Alice/Library/Application Support/ruff/ruff.toml`.
+On macOS and Linux, Ruff expects that file to be located at `~/.config/ruff/ruff.toml`,
+and respects the `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` specification.
 
-On Linux, Ruff expects that file to be located at `/home/alice/.config/ruff/ruff.toml`.
+On Windows, Ruff expects that file to be located at `~\AppData\Roaming\ruff\ruff.toml`.
 
-On Windows, Ruff expects that file to be located at `C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming\ruff\ruff.toml`.
+!!! note
+  Prior to `v0.5.0`, Ruff would read user-specific configuration from
+  `~/Library/Application Support/ruff/ruff.toml` on macOS. While Ruff will still respect
+  such configuration files, the use of `~/Library/ Application Support` is considered deprecated.
 
-For more, see the [`dirs`](https://docs.rs/dirs/4.0.0/dirs/fn.config_dir.html) crate.
+For more, see the [`etcetera`](https://crates.io/crates/etcetera) crate.
 
 ## Ruff tried to fix something — but it broke my code. What's going on?