Document when a rule was added (#21035)

Summary
--

Inspired by #20859, this PR adds the version a rule was added, and the
file and line where it was defined, to `ViolationMetadata`. The file and
line just use the standard `file!` and `line!` macros, while the more
interesting version field uses a new `violation_metadata` attribute
parsed by our `ViolationMetadata` derive macro.

I moved the commit modifying all of the rule files to the end, so it
should be a lot easier to review by omitting that one.

As a curiosity and a bit of a sanity check, I also plotted the rule
numbers over time:

<img width="640" height="480" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/75b0b5cc-3521-4d40-a395-8807e6f4925f"
/>

I think this looks pretty reasonable and avoids some of the artifacts
the earlier versions of the script ran into, such as the `rule`
sub-command not being available or `--explain` requiring a file
argument.

<details><summary>Script and summary data</summary>

```shell
gawk --csv '
NR > 1 {
    split($2, a, ".")
    major = a[1]; minor = a[2]; micro = a[3]
    # sum the number of rules added per minor version
    versions[minor] += 1
}
END {
    tot = 0
    for (i = 0; i <= 14; i++) {
        tot += versions[i]
        print i, tot
    }
}
' ruff_rules_metadata.csv > summary.dat
```

```
0 696
1 768
2 778
3 803
4 822
5 848
6 855
7 865
8 893
9 915
10 916
11 924
12 929
13 932
14 933
```

</details>

Test Plan
--

I built and viewed the documentation locally, and it looks pretty good!

<img width="1466" height="676" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5e227df4-7294-4d12-bdaa-31cac4e9ad5c"
/>

The spacing seems a bit awkward following the `h1` at the top, so I'm
wondering if this might look nicer as a footer in Ruff. The links work
well too:
- [v0.0.271](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/releases/tag/v0.0.271)
- [Related
issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20airflow-variable-name-task-id-mismatch)
- [View
source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fruff_linter%2Fsrc%2Frules%2Fairflow%2Frules%2Ftask_variable_name.rs#L34)

The last one even works on `main` now since it points to the
`derive(ViolationMetadata)` line.

In terms of binary size, this branch is a bit bigger than main with
38,654,520 bytes compared to 38,635,728 (+20 KB). I guess that's not
_too_ much of an increase, but I wanted to check since we're generating
a lot more code with macros.

---------

Co-authored-by: GiGaGon <107241144+MeGaGiGaGon@users.noreply.github.com>

crates/ruff_dev/src/generate_docs.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use regex::{Captures, Regex};
+use ruff_linter::codes::RuleGroup;
 use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
 use ruff_linter::FixAvailability;
@@ -31,6 +32,47 @@ pub(crate) fn main(args: &Args) -> Result<()> {
 
             let _ = writeln!(&mut output, "# {} ({})", rule.name(), rule.noqa_code());
 
+            let status_text = match rule.group() {
+                RuleGroup::Stable { since } => {
+                    format!(
+                        r#"Added in <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/releases/tag/{since}">{since}</a>"#
+                    )
+                }
+                RuleGroup::Preview { since } => {
+                    format!(
+                        r#"Preview (since <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/releases/tag/{since}">{since}</a>)"#
+                    )
+                }
+                RuleGroup::Deprecated { since } => {
+                    format!(
+                        r#"Deprecated (since <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/releases/tag/{since}">{since}</a>)"#
+                    )
+                }
+                RuleGroup::Removed { since } => {
+                    format!(
+                        r#"Removed (since <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/releases/tag/{since}">{since}</a>)"#
+                    )
+                }
+            };
+
+            let _ = writeln!(
+                &mut output,
+                r#"<small>
+{status_text} ·
+<a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20(%27{encoded_name}%27%20OR%20{rule_code})" target="_blank">Related issues</a> ·
+<a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/{file}#L{line}" target="_blank">View source</a>
+</small>
+
+"#,
+                encoded_name =
+                    url::form_urlencoded::byte_serialize(rule.name().as_str().as_bytes())
+                        .collect::<String>(),
+                rule_code = rule.noqa_code(),
+                file =
+                    url::form_urlencoded::byte_serialize(rule.file().replace('\\', "/").as_bytes())
+                        .collect::<String>(),
+                line = rule.line(),
+            );
             let (linter, _) = Linter::parse_code(&rule.noqa_code().to_string()).unwrap();
             if linter.url().is_some() {
                 let common_prefix: String = match linter.common_prefix() {

crates/ruff_dev/src/generate_rules_table.rs

@@ -32,20 +32,24 @@ fn generate_table(table_out: &mut String, rules: impl IntoIterator<Item = Rule>,
     table_out.push('\n');
     for rule in rules {
         let status_token = match rule.group() {
-            RuleGroup::Removed => {
+            RuleGroup::Removed { since } => {
                 format!(
-                    "<span {SYMBOL_STYLE} title='Rule has been removed'>{REMOVED_SYMBOL}</span>"
+                    "<span {SYMBOL_STYLE} title='Rule was removed in {since}'>{REMOVED_SYMBOL}</span>"
                 )
             }
-            RuleGroup::Deprecated => {
+            RuleGroup::Deprecated { since } => {
                 format!(
-                    "<span {SYMBOL_STYLE} title='Rule has been deprecated'>{WARNING_SYMBOL}</span>"
+                    "<span {SYMBOL_STYLE} title='Rule has been deprecated since {since}'>{WARNING_SYMBOL}</span>"
                 )
             }
-            RuleGroup::Preview => {
-                format!("<span {SYMBOL_STYLE} title='Rule is in preview'>{PREVIEW_SYMBOL}</span>")
+            RuleGroup::Preview { since } => {
+                format!(
+                    "<span {SYMBOL_STYLE} title='Rule has been in preview since {since}'>{PREVIEW_SYMBOL}</span>"
+                )
+            }
+            RuleGroup::Stable { since } => {
+                format!("<span {SYMBOL_STYLE} title='Rule has been stable since {since}'></span>")
             }
-            RuleGroup::Stable => format!("<span {SYMBOL_STYLE}></span>"),
         };
 
         let fix_token = match rule.fixable() {