diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index.rs
index a38b0a7ded..9963ef23af 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,10 @@ pub(crate) fn place_table<'db>(db: &'db dyn Db, scope: ScopeId<'db>) -> Arc<Plac
 /// See [`ModuleLiteralType::available_submodule_attributes`] for discussion
 /// of why this analysis is intentionally limited.
 #[salsa::tracked(returns(deref), heap_size=ruff_memory_usage::heap_size)]
-pub(crate) fn imported_modules<'db>(db: &'db dyn Db, file: File) -> Arc<FxHashSet<ModuleName>> {
+pub(crate) fn imported_modules<'db>(
+    db: &'db dyn Db,
+    file: File,
+) -> Arc<FxHashMap<ModuleName, ImportKind>> {
     semantic_index(db, file).imported_modules.clone()
 }
 
@@ -246,7 +249,7 @@ pub(crate) struct SemanticIndex<'db> {
     ast_ids: IndexVec<FileScopeId, AstIds>,
 
     /// The set of modules that are imported anywhere within this file.
-    imported_modules: Arc<FxHashSet<ModuleName>>,
+    imported_modules: Arc<FxHashMap<ModuleName, ImportKind>>,
 
     /// Flags about the global scope (code usage impacting inference)
     has_future_annotations: bool,
@@ -583,6 +586,12 @@ impl<'db> SemanticIndex<'db> {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, get_size2::GetSize)]
+pub(crate) enum ImportKind {
+    Import,
+    ImportFrom,
+}
+
 pub(crate) struct AncestorsIter<'a> {
     scopes: &'a IndexSlice<FileScopeId, Scope>,
     next_id: Option<FileScopeId>,
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs
index 373c80f7ee..3591bd66d2 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ use crate::semantic_index::symbol::{ScopedSymbolId, Symbol};
 use crate::semantic_index::use_def::{
     EnclosingSnapshotKey, FlowSnapshot, ScopedEnclosingSnapshotId, UseDefMapBuilder,
 };
-use crate::semantic_index::{ExpressionsScopeMap, SemanticIndex, VisibleAncestorsIter};
+use crate::semantic_index::{ExpressionsScopeMap, ImportKind, SemanticIndex, VisibleAncestorsIter};
 use crate::semantic_model::HasTrackedScope;
 use crate::unpack::{EvaluationMode, Unpack, UnpackKind, UnpackPosition, UnpackValue};
 use crate::{Db, Program};
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ pub(super) struct SemanticIndexBuilder<'db, 'ast> {
     scopes_by_expression: ExpressionsScopeMapBuilder,
     definitions_by_node: FxHashMap<DefinitionNodeKey, Definitions<'db>>,
     expressions_by_node: FxHashMap<ExpressionNodeKey, Expression<'db>>,
-    imported_modules: FxHashSet<ModuleName>,
+    imported_modules: FxHashMap<ModuleName, ImportKind>,
     seen_submodule_imports: FxHashSet<String>,
     /// Hashset of all [`FileScopeId`]s that correspond to [generator functions].
     ///
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl<'db, 'ast> SemanticIndexBuilder<'db, 'ast> {
             expressions_by_node: FxHashMap::default(),
 
             seen_submodule_imports: FxHashSet::default(),
-            imported_modules: FxHashSet::default(),
+            imported_modules: FxHashMap::default(),
             generator_functions: FxHashSet::default(),
 
             enclosing_snapshots: FxHashMap::default(),
@@ -1474,7 +1474,11 @@ impl<'ast> Visitor<'ast> for SemanticIndexBuilder<'_, 'ast> {
                     // Mark the imported module, and all of its parents, as being imported in this
                     // file.
                     if let Some(module_name) = ModuleName::new(&alias.name) {
-                        self.imported_modules.extend(module_name.ancestors());
+                        self.imported_modules.extend(
+                            module_name
+                                .ancestors()
+                                .zip(std::iter::repeat(ImportKind::Import)),
+                        );
                     }
 
                     let (symbol_name, is_reexported) = if let Some(asname) = &alias.asname {
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types.rs
index e9311547d7..e94d69454a 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ use crate::place::{
 use crate::semantic_index::definition::{Definition, DefinitionKind};
 use crate::semantic_index::place::ScopedPlaceId;
 use crate::semantic_index::scope::ScopeId;
-use crate::semantic_index::{imported_modules, place_table, semantic_index};
+use crate::semantic_index::{ImportKind, imported_modules, place_table, semantic_index};
 use crate::suppression::check_suppressions;
 use crate::types::bound_super::BoundSuperType;
 use crate::types::builder::RecursivelyDefined;
@@ -13236,12 +13236,22 @@ impl<'db> ModuleLiteralType<'db> {
     ///
     /// We instead prefer handling most other import effects as definitions in the scope of
     /// the current file (i.e. [`crate::semantic_index::definition::ImportFromDefinitionNodeRef`]).
-    fn available_submodule_attributes(&self, db: &'db dyn Db) -> impl Iterator<Item = Name> {
+    fn available_submodule_attributes(
+        &self,
+        db: &'db dyn Db,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Name, ImportKind)> {
         self.importing_file(db)
             .into_iter()
             .flat_map(|file| imported_modules(db, file))
-            .filter_map(|submodule_name| submodule_name.relative_to(self.module(db).name(db)))
-            .filter_map(|relative_submodule| relative_submodule.components().next().map(Name::from))
+            .filter_map(|(submodule_name, kind)| {
+                Some((submodule_name.relative_to(self.module(db).name(db))?, kind))
+            })
+            .filter_map(|(relative_submodule, kind)| {
+                relative_submodule
+                    .components()
+                    .next()
+                    .map(|module| (Name::from(module), *kind))
+            })
     }
 
     fn resolve_submodule(self, db: &'db dyn Db, name: &str) -> Option<Type<'db>> {
@@ -13285,19 +13295,27 @@ impl<'db> ModuleLiteralType<'db> {
                 .member(db, "__dict__");
         }
 
-        // If the file that originally imported the module has also imported a submodule
-        // named `name`, then the result is (usually) that submodule, even if the module
-        // also defines a (non-module) symbol with that name.
-        //
-        // Note that technically, either the submodule or the non-module symbol could take
-        // priority, depending on the ordering of when the submodule is loaded relative to
-        // the parent module's `__init__.py` file being evaluated. That said, we have
-        // chosen to always have the submodule take priority. (This matches pyright's
-        // current behavior, but is the opposite of mypy's current behavior.)
-        if self.available_submodule_attributes(db).contains(name) {
-            if let Some(submodule) = self.resolve_submodule(db, name) {
-                return Place::bound(submodule).into();
-            }
+        let mut submodule_type = None;
+
+        let available_submodule_kind = self
+            .available_submodule_attributes(db)
+            .find_map(|(attr, kind)| (attr == name).then_some(kind));
+
+        if available_submodule_kind.is_some() {
+            submodule_type = self.resolve_submodule(db, name);
+        }
+
+        // if we're in a module `foo` and `foo` contains `import a.b`,
+        // and the package `a` has a submodule `b`, we assume that the
+        // attribute access `a.b` inside `foo` will resolve to the submodule
+        // `a.b` *even if* `a/__init__.py` also defines a symbol `b` (e.g. `b = 42`).
+        // This is a heuristic, but it's almost certainly what will actually happen
+        // at runtime. However, if `foo` only contains `from a.b import <something>,
+        // we prioritise the `b` attribute in `a/__init__.py` over the submodule `a.b`.
+        if available_submodule_kind == Some(ImportKind::Import)
+            && let Some(submodule) = submodule_type
+        {
+            return Place::bound(submodule).into();
         }
 
         let place_and_qualifiers = self
@@ -13306,12 +13324,16 @@ impl<'db> ModuleLiteralType<'db> {
             .map(|file| imported_symbol(db, file, name, None))
             .unwrap_or_default();
 
-        // If the normal lookup failed, try to call the module's `__getattr__` function
-        if place_and_qualifiers.place.is_undefined() {
-            return self.try_module_getattr(db, name);
+        if !place_and_qualifiers.is_undefined() {
+            return place_and_qualifiers;
         }
 
-        place_and_qualifiers
+        if let Some(submodule) = submodule_type {
+            return Place::bound(submodule).into();
+        }
+
+        // If the normal lookup failed, try to call the module's `__getattr__` function
+        self.try_module_getattr(db, name)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/list_members.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/list_members.rs
index 4e4a32c294..5c538a5631 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/list_members.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/list_members.rs
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ impl<'db> AllMembers<'db> {
 
                 self.members
                     .extend(literal.available_submodule_attributes(db).filter_map(
-                        |submodule_name| {
+                        |(submodule_name, _)| {
                             let ty = literal.resolve_submodule(db, &submodule_name)?;
                             let name = submodule_name.clone();
                             Some(Member { name, ty })