Improve counting of message arguments when msg is provided as a keyword (#6456)

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/6454.

crates/ruff/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/logging_too_few_args.py

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ logging.error("Example log %s, %s", "foo", "bar", "baz", **kwargs)
 # do not handle keyword arguments
 logging.error("%(objects)d modifications: %(modifications)d errors: %(errors)d")
 
+logging.info(msg="Hello %s")
+
+logging.info(msg="Hello %s %s")
+
 import warning
 
 warning.warning("Hello %s %s", "World!")

crates/ruff/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/logging_too_many_args.py

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ logging.error("Example log %s, %s", "foo", "bar", "baz", **kwargs)
 # do not handle keyword arguments
 logging.error("%(objects)d modifications: %(modifications)d errors: %(errors)d", {"objects": 1, "modifications": 1, "errors": 1})
 
+logging.info(msg="Hello")
+
+logging.info(msg="Hello", something="else")
+
 import warning
 
 warning.warning("Hello %s", "World!", "again")

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/rules/logging.rs

@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ pub(crate) fn logging_call(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
     let Some(Expr::Constant(ast::ExprConstant {
         value: Constant::Str(value),
         ..
-    })) = call.arguments.find_argument("msg", 0)
-    else {
+    })) = call.arguments
+                .find_positional( 0) else {
         return;
     };
 

crates/ruff_python_ast/src/nodes.rs

@@ -2126,23 +2126,21 @@ impl Arguments {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Return the positional argument at the given index, or `None` if no such argument exists.
+    pub fn find_positional(&self, position: usize) -> Option<&Expr> {
+        self.args
+            .iter()
+            .take_while(|expr| !expr.is_starred_expr())
+            .nth(position)
+    }
+
     /// Return the argument with the given name or at the given position, or `None` if no such
     /// argument exists. Used to retrieve arguments that can be provided _either_ as keyword or
     /// positional arguments.
     pub fn find_argument(&self, name: &str, position: usize) -> Option<&Expr> {
-        self.keywords
-            .iter()
-            .find(|keyword| {
-                let Keyword { arg, .. } = keyword;
-                arg.as_ref().is_some_and(|arg| arg == name)
-            })
+        self.find_keyword(name)
             .map(|keyword| &keyword.value)
-            .or_else(|| {
-                self.args
-                    .iter()
-                    .take_while(|expr| !expr.is_starred_expr())
-                    .nth(position)
-            })
+            .or_else(|| self.find_positional(position))
     }
 }