implement PLR6201 with autofix (#7973)

## Summary

Implements
[R6201](https://pylint.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/messages/refactor/use-set-for-membership.html)
along with the autofix!

See #970 

## Test Plan

`cargo test`, and manually

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/literal_membership.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Errors
+1 in [1, 2, 3]
+1 in (1, 2, 3)
+1 in (
+    1, 2, 3
+)
+
+# OK
+fruits = ["cherry", "grapes"]
+"cherry" in fruits

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -1197,6 +1197,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ComparisonWithItself) {
                 pylint::rules::comparison_with_itself(checker, left, ops, comparators);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::LiteralMembership) {
+                pylint::rules::literal_membership(checker, compare);
+            }
             if checker.enabled(Rule::ComparisonOfConstant) {
                 pylint::rules::comparison_of_constant(checker, left, ops, comparators);
             }

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Pylint, "R1722") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::SysExitAlias),
         (Pylint, "R2004") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::MagicValueComparison),
         (Pylint, "R5501") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::CollapsibleElseIf),
+        (Pylint, "R6201") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pylint::rules::LiteralMembership),
         #[allow(deprecated)]
         (Pylint, "R6301") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::pylint::rules::NoSelfUse),
         (Pylint, "W0120") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::pylint::rules::UselessElseOnLoop),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(Rule::BadDunderMethodName, Path::new("bad_dunder_method_name.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::NoSelfUse, Path::new("no_self_use.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::MisplacedBareRaise, Path::new("misplaced_bare_raise.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::LiteralMembership, Path::new("literal_membership.py"))]
     fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.noqa_code(), path.to_string_lossy());
         let diagnostics = test_path(

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/literal_membership.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, CmpOp, Expr};
+use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for membership tests on `list` and `tuple` literals.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// When testing for membership in a static sequence, prefer a `set` literal
+/// over a `list` or `tuple`, as Python optimizes `set` membership tests.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// 1 in [1, 2, 3]
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// 1 in {1, 2, 3}
+/// ```
+/// ## References
+/// - [What’s New In Python 3.2](https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.2.html#optimizations)
+#[violation]
+pub struct LiteralMembership;
+
+impl AlwaysFixableViolation for LiteralMembership {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Use a `set` literal when testing for membership")
+    }
+
+    fn fix_title(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Convert to `set`")
+    }
+}
+
+/// PLR6201
+pub(crate) fn literal_membership(checker: &mut Checker, compare: &ast::ExprCompare) {
+    let [op] = compare.ops.as_slice() else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if !matches!(op, CmpOp::In | CmpOp::NotIn) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let [right] = compare.comparators.as_slice() else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if !matches!(right, Expr::List(_) | Expr::Tuple(_)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(LiteralMembership, right.range());
+
+    let literal = checker.locator().slice(right);
+    let set = format!("{{{}}}", &literal[1..literal.len() - 1]);
+    diagnostic.set_fix(Fix::safe_edit(Edit::range_replacement(set, right.range())));
+
+    checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/rules/mod.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ pub(crate) use invalid_envvar_value::*;
 pub(crate) use invalid_str_return::*;
 pub(crate) use invalid_string_characters::*;
 pub(crate) use iteration_over_set::*;
+pub(crate) use literal_membership::*;
 pub(crate) use load_before_global_declaration::*;
 pub(crate) use logging::*;
 pub(crate) use magic_value_comparison::*;
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ mod invalid_envvar_value;
 mod invalid_str_return;
 mod invalid_string_characters;
 mod iteration_over_set;
+mod literal_membership;
 mod load_before_global_declaration;
 mod logging;
 mod magic_value_comparison;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__pylint__tests__PLR6201_literal_membership.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs
+---
+literal_membership.py:2:6: PLR6201 [*] Use a `set` literal when testing for membership
+  |
+1 | # Errors
+2 | 1 in [1, 2, 3]
+  |      ^^^^^^^^^ PLR6201
+3 | 1 in (1, 2, 3)
+4 | 1 in (
+  |
+  = help: Convert to `set`
+
+ℹ Fix
+1 1 | # Errors
+2   |-1 in [1, 2, 3]
+  2 |+1 in {1, 2, 3}
+3 3 | 1 in (1, 2, 3)
+4 4 | 1 in (
+5 5 |     1, 2, 3
+
+literal_membership.py:3:6: PLR6201 [*] Use a `set` literal when testing for membership
+  |
+1 | # Errors
+2 | 1 in [1, 2, 3]
+3 | 1 in (1, 2, 3)
+  |      ^^^^^^^^^ PLR6201
+4 | 1 in (
+5 |     1, 2, 3
+  |
+  = help: Convert to `set`
+
+ℹ Fix
+1 1 | # Errors
+2 2 | 1 in [1, 2, 3]
+3   |-1 in (1, 2, 3)
+  3 |+1 in {1, 2, 3}
+4 4 | 1 in (
+5 5 |     1, 2, 3
+6 6 | )
+
+literal_membership.py:4:6: PLR6201 [*] Use a `set` literal when testing for membership
+  |
+2 |   1 in [1, 2, 3]
+3 |   1 in (1, 2, 3)
+4 |   1 in (
+  |  ______^
+5 | |     1, 2, 3
+6 | | )
+  | |_^ PLR6201
+7 |   
+8 |   # OK
+  |
+  = help: Convert to `set`
+
+ℹ Fix
+1 1 | # Errors
+2 2 | 1 in [1, 2, 3]
+3 3 | 1 in (1, 2, 3)
+4   |-1 in (
+  4 |+1 in {
+5 5 |     1, 2, 3
+6   |-)
+  6 |+}
+7 7 | 
+8 8 | # OK
+9 9 | fruits = ["cherry", "grapes"]
+
+

ruff.schema.json

@@ -2968,6 +2968,9 @@
         "PLR550",
         "PLR5501",
         "PLR6",
+        "PLR62",
+        "PLR620",
+        "PLR6201",
         "PLR63",
         "PLR630",
         "PLR6301",