[red-knot] Add cycle handling to narrow constraints queries (#17209)

## Summary

This PR fixes the cycle issue that was causing problems in the `support
super` PR.

### Affected queries
- `all_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`
- `all_negative_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`


--

Additionally, `bidict` and `werkzeug` have been added to the
project-selection list in `mypy_primer`.
This PR also addresses the panics that occurred while analyzing those
packages:

- `bidict`: panic triggered by
`all_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`
- `werkzeug`: panic triggered by
`all_negative_narrowing_constraints_for_expression`

I think the mypy-primer results for this PR can serve as sufficient test
:)

.github/workflows/mypy_primer.yaml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
             --type-checker knot \
             --old base_commit \
             --new "$GITHUB_SHA" \
-            --project-selector '/(mypy_primer|black|pyp|git-revise|zipp|arrow|isort|itsdangerous|rich|packaging|pybind11|pyinstrument|typeshed-stats|scrapy)$' \
+            --project-selector '/(mypy_primer|black|pyp|git-revise|zipp|arrow|isort|itsdangerous|rich|packaging|pybind11|pyinstrument|typeshed-stats|scrapy|werkzeug|bidict)$' \
             --output concise \
             --debug > mypy_primer.diff || [ $? -eq 1 ]
 

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/src/types/narrow.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,11 @@ fn all_narrowing_constraints_for_pattern<'db>(
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::ref_option)]
-#[salsa::tracked(return_ref)]
+#[salsa::tracked(
+    return_ref,
+    cycle_fn=constraints_for_expression_cycle_recover,
+    cycle_initial=constraints_for_expression_cycle_initial,
+)]
 fn all_narrowing_constraints_for_expression<'db>(
     db: &'db dyn Db,
     expression: Expression<'db>,
@@ -78,7 +82,11 @@ fn all_narrowing_constraints_for_expression<'db>(
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::ref_option)]
-#[salsa::tracked(return_ref)]
+#[salsa::tracked(
+    return_ref,
+    cycle_fn=negative_constraints_for_expression_cycle_recover,
+    cycle_initial=negative_constraints_for_expression_cycle_initial,
+)]
 fn all_negative_narrowing_constraints_for_expression<'db>(
     db: &'db dyn Db,
     expression: Expression<'db>,
@@ -86,6 +94,40 @@ fn all_negative_narrowing_constraints_for_expression<'db>(
     NarrowingConstraintsBuilder::new(db, PredicateNode::Expression(expression), false).finish()
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::ref_option)]
+fn constraints_for_expression_cycle_recover<'db>(
+    _db: &'db dyn Db,
+    _value: &Option<NarrowingConstraints<'db>>,
+    _count: u32,
+    _expression: Expression<'db>,
+) -> salsa::CycleRecoveryAction<Option<NarrowingConstraints<'db>>> {
+    salsa::CycleRecoveryAction::Iterate
+}
+
+fn constraints_for_expression_cycle_initial<'db>(
+    _db: &'db dyn Db,
+    _expression: Expression<'db>,
+) -> Option<NarrowingConstraints<'db>> {
+    None
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::ref_option)]
+fn negative_constraints_for_expression_cycle_recover<'db>(
+    _db: &'db dyn Db,
+    _value: &Option<NarrowingConstraints<'db>>,
+    _count: u32,
+    _expression: Expression<'db>,
+) -> salsa::CycleRecoveryAction<Option<NarrowingConstraints<'db>>> {
+    salsa::CycleRecoveryAction::Iterate
+}
+
+fn negative_constraints_for_expression_cycle_initial<'db>(
+    _db: &'db dyn Db,
+    _expression: Expression<'db>,
+) -> Option<NarrowingConstraints<'db>> {
+    None
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum KnownConstraintFunction {
     /// `builtins.isinstance`