[`flake8-pytest-style`] Don't recommend `usefixtures` for parametrize values in `PT019` (#17650)

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## Summary
Fixes #17599.

## Test Plan

Snapshot tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: Brent Westbrook <36778786+ntBre@users.noreply.github.com>

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_pytest_style/PT019.py

@@ -12,3 +12,38 @@ def test_xxx(_fixture):  # Error arg
 
 def test_xxx(*, _fixture):  # Error kwonly
     pass
+
+# https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/17599
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("_foo", [1, 2, 3])
+def test_thingy(_foo):  # Ok defined in parametrize
+    pass
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "_test_input,_expected",
+    [("3+5", 8), ("2+4", 6), pytest.param("6*9", 42, marks=pytest.mark.xfail)],
+)
+def test_eval(_test_input, _expected):  # OK defined in parametrize
+    pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("_foo", [1, 2, 3])
+def test_thingy2(_foo, _bar):  # Error _bar is not defined in parametrize
+    pass
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["_foo", "_bar"], [1, 2, 3])
+def test_thingy3(_foo, _bar):  # OK defined in parametrize
+    pass
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("_foo"), [1, 2, 3])
+def test_thingy4(_foo, _bar):  # Error _bar is not defined in parametrize
+    pass
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["   _foo", "   _bar    "], [1, 2, 3])
+def test_thingy5(_foo, _bar):  # OK defined in parametrize
+    pass
+
+x = "other"
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(x, [1, 2, 3])
+def test_thingy5(_foo, _bar):  # known false negative, we don't try to resolve variables
+    pass

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pytest_style/rules/fixture.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Violation};
 use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, ViolationMetadata};
+use ruff_python_ast::helpers::map_callable;
 use ruff_python_ast::name::UnqualifiedName;
 use ruff_python_ast::visitor;
 use ruff_python_ast::visitor::Visitor;
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ use ruff_python_semantic::SemanticModel;
 use ruff_source_file::LineRanges;
 use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 use ruff_text_size::{TextLen, TextRange};
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::fix::edits;
@@ -807,10 +809,51 @@ fn check_fixture_returns(checker: &Checker, name: &str, body: &[Stmt], returns:
 }
 
 /// PT019
-fn check_test_function_args(checker: &Checker, parameters: &Parameters) {
+fn check_test_function_args(checker: &Checker, parameters: &Parameters, decorators: &[Decorator]) {
+    let mut named_parametrize = FxHashSet::default();
+    for decorator in decorators.iter().filter(|decorator| {
+        UnqualifiedName::from_expr(map_callable(&decorator.expression))
+            .is_some_and(|name| matches!(name.segments(), ["pytest", "mark", "parametrize"]))
+    }) {
+        let Some(call_expr) = decorator.expression.as_call_expr() else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let Some(first_arg) = call_expr.arguments.find_argument_value("argnames", 0) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        match first_arg {
+            Expr::StringLiteral(ast::ExprStringLiteral { value, .. }) => {
+                named_parametrize.extend(
+                    value
+                        .to_str()
+                        .split(',')
+                        .map(str::trim)
+                        .filter(|param| !param.is_empty() && param.starts_with('_')),
+                );
+            }
+
+            Expr::Name(_) => return,
+            Expr::List(ast::ExprList { elts, .. }) | Expr::Tuple(ast::ExprTuple { elts, .. })
+                if elts.iter().any(Expr::is_name_expr) =>
+            {
+                return
+            }
+            Expr::List(ast::ExprList { elts, .. }) | Expr::Tuple(ast::ExprTuple { elts, .. }) => {
+                named_parametrize.extend(
+                    elts.iter()
+                        .filter_map(Expr::as_string_literal_expr)
+                        .map(|param| param.value.to_str().trim())
+                        .filter(|param| !param.is_empty() && param.starts_with('_')),
+                );
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
     for parameter in parameters.iter_non_variadic_params() {
         let name = parameter.name();
-        if name.starts_with('_') {
+        if name.starts_with('_') && !named_parametrize.contains(name.as_str()) {
             checker.report_diagnostic(Diagnostic::new(
                 PytestFixtureParamWithoutValue {
                     name: name.to_string(),
@@ -915,6 +958,6 @@ pub(crate) fn fixture(
     }
 
     if checker.enabled(Rule::PytestFixtureParamWithoutValue) && name.starts_with("test_") {
-        check_test_function_args(checker, parameters);
+        check_test_function_args(checker, parameters, decorators);
     }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pytest_style/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_pytest_style__tests__PT019.snap

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_pytest_style/mod.rs
-snapshot_kind: text
 ---
 PT019.py:9:14: PT019 Fixture `_fixture` without value is injected as parameter, use `@pytest.mark.usefixtures` instead
    |
@@ -15,3 +14,19 @@ PT019.py:13:17: PT019 Fixture `_fixture` without value is injected as parameter,
    |                 ^^^^^^^^ PT019
 14 |     pass
    |
+
+PT019.py:31:24: PT019 Fixture `_bar` without value is injected as parameter, use `@pytest.mark.usefixtures` instead
+   |
+30 | @pytest.mark.parametrize("_foo", [1, 2, 3])
+31 | def test_thingy2(_foo, _bar):  # Error _bar is not defined in parametrize
+   |                        ^^^^ PT019
+32 |     pass
+   |
+
+PT019.py:39:24: PT019 Fixture `_bar` without value is injected as parameter, use `@pytest.mark.usefixtures` instead
+   |
+38 | @pytest.mark.parametrize(("_foo"), [1, 2, 3])
+39 | def test_thingy4(_foo, _bar):  # Error _bar is not defined in parametrize
+   |                        ^^^^ PT019
+40 |     pass
+   |