Preserve triple quotes and prefixes for strings (#15818)

## Summary

This is a follow-up to #15726, #15778, and #15794 to preserve the triple
quote and prefix flags in plain strings, bytestrings, and f-strings.

I also added a `StringLiteralFlags::without_triple_quotes` method to
avoid passing along triple quotes in rules like SIM905 where it might
not make sense, as discussed
[here](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/15726#discussion_r1930532426).

## Test Plan

Existing tests, plus many new cases in the `generator::tests::quote`
test that should cover all combinations of quotes and prefixes, at least
for simple string bodies.

Closes #7799 when combined with #15694, #15726, #15778, and #15794.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>

crates/ruff_python_codegen/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ ruff_python_parser = { workspace = true }
 ruff_source_file = { workspace = true }
 ruff_text_size = { workspace = true }
 
+[dev-dependencies]
+test-case = { workspace = true }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true