Add .ipynb_checkpoints, .pyenv, .pytest_cache, and .vscode to default excludes (#5513)

## Summary

VS Code extensions are
[recommended](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/settings-reference#_linting-settings)
to exclude `.vscode` and `site-packages`. Black also now omits
`.vscode`, `.pytest_cache`, and `.ipynb_checkpoints` by default.
Omitting `.pyenv` is similar to omitting virtual environments, but
really only matters in the context of VS Code (see:
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/discussions/5509).

Closes: #5510.

BREAKING_CHANGES.md

@@ -1,5 +1,41 @@
 # Breaking Changes
 
+## 0.0.277
+
+### `.ipynb_checkpoints`, `.pyenv`, `.pytest_cache`, and `.vscode` are now excluded by default ([#5513](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/5513))
+
+Ruff maintains a list of default exclusions, which now consists of the following patterns:
+
+- `.bzr`
+- `.direnv`
+- `.eggs`
+- `.git`
+- `.git-rewrite`
+- `.hg`
+- `.ipynb_checkpoints`
+- `.mypy_cache`
+- `.nox`
+- `.pants.d`
+- `.pyenv`
+- `.pytest_cache`
+- `.pytype`
+- `.ruff_cache`
+- `.svn`
+- `.tox`
+- `.venv`
+- `.vscode`
+- `__pypackages__`
+- `_build`
+- `buck-out`
+- `build`
+- `dist`
+- `node_modules`
+- `venv`
+
+Previously, the `.ipynb_checkpoints`, `.pyenv`, `.pytest_cache`, and `.vscode` directories were not
+excluded by default. This change brings Ruff's default exclusions in line with other tools like
+Black.
+
 ## 0.0.276
 
 ### The `keep-runtime-typing` setting has been reinstated ([#5470](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/5470))

crates/ruff/src/settings/defaults.rs

@@ -39,14 +39,18 @@ pub static EXCLUDE: Lazy<Vec<FilePattern>> = Lazy::new(|| {
         FilePattern::Builtin(".git"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".git-rewrite"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".hg"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".ipynb_checkpoints"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".mypy_cache"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".nox"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".pants.d"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".pyenv"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".pytest_cache"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".pytype"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".ruff_cache"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".svn"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".tox"),
         FilePattern::Builtin(".venv"),
+        FilePattern::Builtin(".vscode"),
         FilePattern::Builtin("__pypackages__"),
         FilePattern::Builtin("_build"),
         FilePattern::Builtin("buck-out"),