[ty] Truncate type display for long unions in some situations (#20730)

## Summary

Fixes [astral-sh/ty#1307](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/1307)

Unions with length <= 5 are unaffected to minimize test churn
Unions with length > 5 will only display the first 3 elements + "...
omitted x union elements"
Here "length" is defined as the number of elements after condensation to
literals

Edit: we no longer truncate in revel case. 
Before:

> info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name:
str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) ->
int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) |
(Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`

After:

> info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name:
str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union
elements`

The below comparisons are outdated, but left here as a reference.

Before:
```reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1, 2] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G```
```reveal_type(x) # revealed: Result1A | Result1B | Result2A | Result2B
| Result3 | Result4```
After:
```reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Literal[1, 2] | A | B | ... omitted 5 union elements```
```reveal_type(x) # revealed: Result1A | Result1B | Result2A | ...
omitted 3 union elements```

This formatting is consistent with
`crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/call/bind.rs` line 2992

## Test Plan

Cosmetic only, covered and verified by changes in mdtest

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/snapshots/union_call.md_-_Calling_a_union_of_f…_-_Try_to_cover_all_pos…_-_Cover_non-keyword_re…_(707b284610419a54).snap

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ error[call-non-callable]: Object of type `Literal[5]` is not callable
    |         ^^^^
    |
 info: Union variant `Literal[5]` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `call-non-callable` is enabled by default
 
 ```
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ error[call-non-callable]: Object of type `PossiblyNotCallable` is not callable (
    |         ^^^^
    |
 info: Union variant `PossiblyNotCallable` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `call-non-callable` is enabled by default
 
 ```
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ error[missing-argument]: No argument provided for required parameter `b` of func
    |         ^^^^
    |
 info: Union variant `def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `missing-argument` is enabled by default
 
 ```
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ info: Overload implementation defined here
 28 |     return x + y if x and y else None
    |
 info: Union variant `Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `no-matching-overload` is enabled by default
 
 ```
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ info: Function defined here
 8 |     return 0
   |
 info: Union variant `def f2(name: str) -> int` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `invalid-argument-type` is enabled by default
 
 ```
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ info: Type variable defined here
 14 |     return 0
    |
 info: Union variant `def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `invalid-argument-type` is enabled by default
 
 ```
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ info: Matching overload defined here
 info: Non-matching overloads for function `f5`:
 info:   () -> None
 info: Union variant `Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `invalid-argument-type` is enabled by default
 
 ```
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ error[too-many-positional-arguments]: Too many positional arguments to function
    |           ^
    |
 info: Union variant `def f1() -> int` is incompatible with this call site
-info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | (def f4[T](x: T@f4) -> int) | Literal[5] | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str) -> str]) | (Overload[() -> None, (x: str, y: str) -> str]) | PossiblyNotCallable`
+info: Attempted to call union type `(def f1() -> int) | (def f2(name: str) -> int) | (def f3(a: int, b: int) -> int) | ... omitted 5 union elements`
 info: rule `too-many-positional-arguments` is enabled by default
 
 ```

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/display.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ pub struct DisplaySettings<'db> {
     /// Class names that should be displayed fully qualified
     /// (e.g., `module.ClassName` instead of just `ClassName`)
     pub qualified: Rc<FxHashSet<&'db str>>,
+    /// Whether long unions are displayed in full
+    pub preserve_full_unions: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'db> DisplaySettings<'db> {
@@ -54,6 +56,22 @@ impl<'db> DisplaySettings<'db> {
         }
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn truncate_long_unions(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            preserve_full_unions: false,
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn preserve_long_unions(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            preserve_full_unions: true,
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
     #[must_use]
     pub fn from_possibly_ambiguous_type_pair(
         db: &'db dyn Db,
@@ -1265,6 +1283,9 @@ struct DisplayUnionType<'db> {
     settings: DisplaySettings<'db>,
 }
 
+const MAX_DISPLAYED_UNION_ITEMS: usize = 5;
+const MAX_DISPLAYED_UNION_ITEMS_WHEN_ELIDED: usize = 3;
+
 impl Display for DisplayUnionType<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         fn is_condensable(ty: Type<'_>) -> bool {
@@ -1286,12 +1307,35 @@ impl Display for DisplayUnionType<'_> {
             .filter(|element| is_condensable(*element))
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
+        let total_entries =
+            usize::from(!condensed_types.is_empty()) + elements.len() - condensed_types.len();
+
+        assert_ne!(total_entries, 0);
+
         let mut join = f.join(" | ");
 
+        let display_limit = if self.settings.preserve_full_unions {
+            total_entries
+        } else {
+            let limit = if total_entries > MAX_DISPLAYED_UNION_ITEMS {
+                MAX_DISPLAYED_UNION_ITEMS_WHEN_ELIDED
+            } else {
+                MAX_DISPLAYED_UNION_ITEMS
+            };
+            limit.min(total_entries)
+        };
+
         let mut condensed_types = Some(condensed_types);
+        let mut displayed_entries = 0usize;
+
         for element in elements {
+            if displayed_entries >= display_limit {
+                break;
+            }
+
             if is_condensable(*element) {
                 if let Some(condensed_types) = condensed_types.take() {
+                    displayed_entries += 1;
                     join.entry(&DisplayLiteralGroup {
                         literals: condensed_types,
                         db: self.db,
@@ -1299,6 +1343,7 @@ impl Display for DisplayUnionType<'_> {
                     });
                 }
             } else {
+                displayed_entries += 1;
                 join.entry(&DisplayMaybeParenthesizedType {
                     ty: *element,
                     db: self.db,
@@ -1307,6 +1352,15 @@ impl Display for DisplayUnionType<'_> {
             }
         }
 
+        if !self.settings.preserve_full_unions {
+            let omitted_entries = total_entries.saturating_sub(displayed_entries);
+            if omitted_entries > 0 {
+                join.entry(&DisplayUnionOmitted {
+                    count: omitted_entries,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
         join.finish()?;
 
         Ok(())
@@ -1319,6 +1373,21 @@ impl fmt::Debug for DisplayUnionType<'_> {
     }
 }
 
+struct DisplayUnionOmitted {
+    count: usize,
+}
+
+impl Display for DisplayUnionOmitted {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let plural = if self.count == 1 {
+            "element"
+        } else {
+            "elements"
+        };
+        write!(f, "... omitted {} union {}", self.count, plural)
+    }
+}
+
 struct DisplayLiteralGroup<'db> {
     literals: Vec<Type<'db>>,
     db: &'db dyn Db,

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/function.rs

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ use crate::types::diagnostic::{
     report_bad_argument_to_get_protocol_members, report_bad_argument_to_protocol_interface,
     report_runtime_check_against_non_runtime_checkable_protocol,
 };
+use crate::types::display::DisplaySettings;
 use crate::types::generics::GenericContext;
 use crate::types::narrow::ClassInfoConstraintFunction;
 use crate::types::signatures::{CallableSignature, Signature};
@@ -1386,10 +1387,11 @@ impl KnownFunction {
                 {
                     let mut diag = builder.into_diagnostic("Revealed type");
                     let span = context.span(&call_expression.arguments.args[0]);
-                    diag.annotate(
+                    diag.annotate(Annotation::primary(span).message(format_args!(
-                        Annotation::primary(span)
+                        "`{}`",
-                            .message(format_args!("`{}`", revealed_type.display(db))),
+                        revealed_type
-                    );
+                            .display_with(db, DisplaySettings::default().preserve_long_unions())
+                    )));
                 }
             }