use std::panic::UnwindSafe;

use anyhow::anyhow;
use lsp_server::{self as server, RequestId};
use lsp_types::{notification::Notification, request::Request};
use notifications as notification;
use requests as request;

use crate::{
    server::{
        api::traits::{
            BackgroundDocumentNotificationHandler, BackgroundDocumentRequestHandler,
            SyncNotificationHandler,
        },
        schedule::Task,
    },
    session::{Client, Session},
};

mod diagnostics;
mod notifications;
mod requests;
mod traits;

use self::traits::{NotificationHandler, RequestHandler};

use super::{Result, schedule::BackgroundSchedule};

/// Defines the `document_url` method for implementers of [`Notification`] and [`Request`], given
/// the request or notification parameter type.
///
/// This would only work if the parameter type has a `text_document` field with a `uri` field
/// that is of type [`lsp_types::Url`].
macro_rules! define_document_url {
    ($params:ident: &$p:ty) => {
        fn document_url($params: &$p) -> std::borrow::Cow<'_, lsp_types::Url> {
            std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(&$params.text_document.uri)
        }
    };
}

use define_document_url;

/// Processes a request from the client to the server.
///
/// The LSP specification requires that each request has exactly one response. Therefore,
/// it's crucial that all paths in this method call [`Client::respond`] exactly once.
/// The only exception to this is requests that were cancelled by the client. In this case,
/// the response was already sent by the [`notification::CancelNotificationHandler`].
pub(super) fn request(req: server::Request) -> Task {
    let id = req.id.clone();

    match req.method.as_str() {
        request::CodeActions::METHOD => {
            background_request_task::<request::CodeActions>(req, BackgroundSchedule::Worker)
        }
        request::CodeActionResolve::METHOD => {
            background_request_task::<request::CodeActionResolve>(req, BackgroundSchedule::Worker)
        }
        request::DocumentDiagnostic::METHOD => {
            background_request_task::<request::DocumentDiagnostic>(req, BackgroundSchedule::Worker)
        }
        request::ExecuteCommand::METHOD => sync_request_task::<request::ExecuteCommand>(req),
        request::Format::METHOD => {
            background_request_task::<request::Format>(req, BackgroundSchedule::Fmt)
        }
        request::FormatRange::METHOD => {
            background_request_task::<request::FormatRange>(req, BackgroundSchedule::Fmt)
        }
        request::Hover::METHOD => {
            background_request_task::<request::Hover>(req, BackgroundSchedule::Worker)
        }
        lsp_types::request::Shutdown::METHOD => sync_request_task::<requests::ShutdownHandler>(req),
        method => {
            tracing::warn!("Received request {method} which does not have a handler");
            let result: Result<()> = Err(Error::new(
                anyhow!("Unknown request: {method}"),
                server::ErrorCode::MethodNotFound,
            ));
            return Task::immediate(id, result);
        }
    }
    .unwrap_or_else(|err| {
        tracing::error!("Encountered error when routing request with ID {id}: {err}");

        Task::sync(move |_session, client| {
            client.show_error_message(
                "Ruff failed to handle a request from the editor. Check the logs for more details.",
            );
            respond_silent_error(
                id,
                client,
                lsp_server::ResponseError {
                    code: err.code as i32,
                    message: err.to_string(),
                    data: None,
                },
            );
        })
    })
}

pub(super) fn notification(notif: server::Notification) -> Task {
    match notif.method.as_str() {
        notification::DidChange::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notification::DidChange>(notif)
        }
        notification::DidChangeConfiguration::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notification::DidChangeConfiguration>(notif)
        }
        notification::DidChangeWatchedFiles::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notification::DidChangeWatchedFiles>(notif)
        }
        notification::DidChangeWorkspace::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notification::DidChangeWorkspace>(notif)
        }
        notification::DidClose::METHOD => sync_notification_task::<notification::DidClose>(notif),
        notification::DidOpen::METHOD => sync_notification_task::<notification::DidOpen>(notif),
        notification::DidOpenNotebook::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notification::DidOpenNotebook>(notif)
        }
        notification::DidChangeNotebook::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notification::DidChangeNotebook>(notif)
        }
        notification::DidCloseNotebook::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notification::DidCloseNotebook>(notif)
        }
        lsp_types::notification::Cancel::METHOD => {
            sync_notification_task::<notifications::CancelNotificationHandler>(notif)
        }
        lsp_types::notification::SetTrace::METHOD => {
            tracing::trace!("Ignoring `setTrace` notification");
            return Task::nothing();
        }
        method => {
            tracing::warn!("Received notification {method} which does not have a handler.");
            return Task::nothing();
        }
    }
    .unwrap_or_else(|err| {
        tracing::error!("Encountered error when routing notification: {err}");
        Task::sync(|_session, client| {
            client.show_error_message(
                "Ruff failed to handle a notification from the editor. Check the logs for more details."
            );
        })
    })
}

fn sync_request_task<R: traits::SyncRequestHandler>(req: server::Request) -> Result<Task>
where
    <<R as RequestHandler>::RequestType as Request>::Params: UnwindSafe,
{
    let (id, params) = cast_request::<R>(req)?;
    Ok(Task::sync(move |session, client: &Client| {
        let _span = tracing::debug_span!("request", %id, method = R::METHOD).entered();
        let result = R::run(session, client, params);
        respond::<R>(&id, result, client);
    }))
}

fn background_request_task<R: traits::BackgroundDocumentRequestHandler>(
    req: server::Request,
    schedule: BackgroundSchedule,
) -> Result<Task>
where
    <<R as RequestHandler>::RequestType as Request>::Params: UnwindSafe,
{
    let (id, params) = cast_request::<R>(req)?;

    Ok(Task::background(schedule, move |session: &Session| {
        let cancellation_token = session
            .request_queue()
            .incoming()
            .cancellation_token(&id)
            .expect("request should have been tested for cancellation before scheduling");

        let url = R::document_url(&params).into_owned();

        let Some(snapshot) = session.take_snapshot(R::document_url(&params).into_owned()) else {
            tracing::warn!("Ignoring request because snapshot for path `{url:?}` doesn't exist.");
            return Box::new(|_| {});
        };

        Box::new(move |client| {
            let _span = tracing::debug_span!("request", %id, method = R::METHOD).entered();

            // Test again if the request was cancelled since it was scheduled on the background task
            // and, if so, return early
            if cancellation_token.is_cancelled() {
                tracing::trace!(
                    "Ignoring request id={id} method={} because it was cancelled",
                    R::METHOD
                );

                // We don't need to send a response here because the `cancel` notification
                // handler already responded with a message.
                return;
            }

            let result =
                std::panic::catch_unwind(|| R::run_with_snapshot(snapshot, client, params));

            let response = request_result_to_response::<R>(result);
            respond::<R>(&id, response, client);
        })
    }))
}

fn request_result_to_response<R>(
    result: std::result::Result<
        Result<<<R as RequestHandler>::RequestType as Request>::Result>,
        Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + 'static>,
    >,
) -> Result<<<R as RequestHandler>::RequestType as Request>::Result>
where
    R: BackgroundDocumentRequestHandler,
{
    match result {
        Ok(response) => response,

        Err(error) => {
            let message = if let Some(panic_message) = panic_message(&error) {
                format!("Request handler failed with: {panic_message}")
            } else {
                "Request handler failed".into()
            };

            Err(Error {
                code: lsp_server::ErrorCode::InternalError,
                error: anyhow!(message),
            })
        }
    }
}

fn sync_notification_task<N: SyncNotificationHandler>(notif: server::Notification) -> Result<Task> {
    let (id, params) = cast_notification::<N>(notif)?;
    Ok(Task::sync(move |session, client| {
        let _span = tracing::debug_span!("notification", method = N::METHOD).entered();
        if let Err(err) = N::run(session, client, params) {
            tracing::error!("An error occurred while running {id}: {err}");
            client
                .show_error_message("Ruff encountered a problem. Check the logs for more details.");
        }
    }))
}

#[expect(dead_code)]
fn background_notification_thread<N>(
    req: server::Notification,
    schedule: BackgroundSchedule,
) -> Result<Task>
where
    N: BackgroundDocumentNotificationHandler,
    <<N as NotificationHandler>::NotificationType as Notification>::Params: UnwindSafe,
{
    let (id, params) = cast_notification::<N>(req)?;
    Ok(Task::background(schedule, move |session: &Session| {
        let url = N::document_url(&params);

        let Some(snapshot) = session.take_snapshot((*url).clone()) else {
            tracing::debug!(
                "Ignoring notification because snapshot for url `{url}` doesn't exist."
            );
            return Box::new(|_| {});
        };
        Box::new(move |client| {
            let _span = tracing::debug_span!("notification", method = N::METHOD).entered();

            let result =
                match std::panic::catch_unwind(|| N::run_with_snapshot(snapshot, client, params)) {
                    Ok(result) => result,
                    Err(panic) => {
                        let message = if let Some(panic_message) = panic_message(&panic) {
                            format!("notification handler for {id} failed with: {panic_message}")
                        } else {
                            format!("notification handler for {id} failed")
                        };

                        tracing::error!(message);
                        client.show_error_message(
                            "Ruff encountered a panic. Check the logs for more details.",
                        );
                        return;
                    }
                };

            if let Err(err) = result {
                tracing::error!("An error occurred while running {id}: {err}");
                client.show_error_message(
                    "Ruff encountered a problem. Check the logs for more details.",
                );
            }
        })
    }))
}

/// Tries to cast a serialized request from the server into
/// a parameter type for a specific request handler.
/// It is *highly* recommended to not override this function in your
/// implementation.
fn cast_request<Req>(
    request: server::Request,
) -> Result<(
    RequestId,
    <<Req as RequestHandler>::RequestType as Request>::Params,
)>
where
    Req: RequestHandler,
    <<Req as RequestHandler>::RequestType as Request>::Params: UnwindSafe,
{
    request
        .extract(Req::METHOD)
        .map_err(|err| match err {
            json_err @ server::ExtractError::JsonError { .. } => {
                anyhow::anyhow!("JSON parsing failure:\n{json_err}")
            }
            server::ExtractError::MethodMismatch(_) => {
                unreachable!("A method mismatch should not be possible here unless you've used a different handler (`Req`) \
                    than the one whose method name was matched against earlier.")
            }
        })
        .with_failure_code(server::ErrorCode::InternalError)
}

/// Sends back a response to the server, but only if the request wasn't cancelled.
fn respond<Req>(
    id: &RequestId,
    result: Result<<<Req as RequestHandler>::RequestType as Request>::Result>,
    client: &Client,
) where
    Req: RequestHandler,
{
    if let Err(err) = &result {
        tracing::error!("An error occurred with request ID {id}: {err}");
        client.show_error_message("Ruff encountered a problem. Check the logs for more details.");
    }
    if let Err(err) = client.respond(id, result) {
        tracing::error!("Failed to send response: {err}");
    }
}

/// Sends back an error response to the server using a [`Client`] without showing a warning
/// to the user.
fn respond_silent_error(id: RequestId, client: &Client, error: lsp_server::ResponseError) {
    if let Err(err) = client.respond_err(id, error) {
        tracing::error!("Failed to send response: {err}");
    }
}

/// Tries to cast a serialized request from the server into
/// a parameter type for a specific request handler.
fn cast_notification<N>(
    notification: server::Notification,
) -> Result<(
    &'static str,
    <<N as NotificationHandler>::NotificationType as Notification>::Params,
)>
where
    N: NotificationHandler,
{
    Ok((
        N::METHOD,
        notification
            .extract(N::METHOD)
            .map_err(|err| match err {
                json_err @ server::ExtractError::JsonError { .. } => {
                    anyhow::anyhow!("JSON parsing failure:\n{json_err}")
                }
                server::ExtractError::MethodMismatch(_) => {
                    unreachable!("A method mismatch should not be possible here unless you've used a different handler (`N`) \
                        than the one whose method name was matched against earlier.")
                }
            })
            .with_failure_code(server::ErrorCode::InternalError)?,
    ))
}

pub(crate) struct Error {
    pub(crate) code: server::ErrorCode,
    pub(crate) error: anyhow::Error,
}

/// A trait to convert result types into the server result type, [`super::Result`].
trait LSPResult<T> {
    fn with_failure_code(self, code: server::ErrorCode) -> super::Result<T>;
}

impl<T, E: Into<anyhow::Error>> LSPResult<T> for core::result::Result<T, E> {
    fn with_failure_code(self, code: server::ErrorCode) -> super::Result<T> {
        self.map_err(|err| Error::new(err.into(), code))
    }
}

impl Error {
    pub(crate) fn new(err: anyhow::Error, code: server::ErrorCode) -> Self {
        Self { code, error: err }
    }
}

// Right now, we treat the error code as invisible data that won't
// be printed.
impl std::fmt::Debug for Error {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        self.error.fmt(f)
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Display for Error {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        self.error.fmt(f)
    }
}

fn panic_message<'a>(
    err: &'a Box<dyn std::any::Any + Send + 'static>,
) -> Option<std::borrow::Cow<'a, str>> {
    if let Some(s) = err.downcast_ref::<String>() {
        Some(s.into())
    } else if let Some(&s) = err.downcast_ref::<&str>() {
        Some(s.into())
    } else {
        None
    }
}