diff --git a/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs b/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
index d66920fef..eea08f668 100644
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
@@ -2871,6 +2871,19 @@ impl PackageWire {
         requires_python: &RequiresPython,
         unambiguous_package_ids: &FxHashMap<PackageName, PackageId>,
     ) -> Result<Package, LockError> {
+        // Consistency check
+        if let Some(version) = &self.id.version {
+            for wheel in &self.wheels {
+                if version != &wheel.filename.version {
+                    return Err(LockError::from(LockErrorKind::InconsistentVersions {
+                        name: self.id.name,
+                    }));
+                }
+            }
+            // We can't check the source dist version since it does not need to contain the version
+            // in the filename.
+        }
+
         let unwire_deps = |deps: Vec<DependencyWire>| -> Result<Vec<Dependency>, LockError> {
             deps.into_iter()
                 .map(|dep| dep.unwire(requires_python, unambiguous_package_ids))
@@ -5156,6 +5169,13 @@ enum LockErrorKind {
         #[source]
         err: uv_distribution::Error,
     },
+    /// A package has inconsistent versions in a single entry
+    // Using name instead of id since the version in the id is part of the conflict.
+    #[error("Locked package and file versions are inconsistent for `{name}`", name = name.cyan())]
+    InconsistentVersions {
+        /// The name of the package with the inconsistent entry.
+        name: PackageName,
+    },
     #[error(
         "Found conflicting extras `{package1}[{extra1}]` \
          and `{package2}[{extra2}]` enabled simultaneously"
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
index 37ce99c4a..5d71de02c 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
@@ -8471,3 +8471,97 @@ fn prune_cache_url_subdirectory() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Test that incoherence in the versions in a package entry of the lockfile versions is caught.
+///
+/// See <https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/12164>
+#[test]
+fn locked_version_coherence() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    let pyproject_toml = context.temp_dir.child("pyproject.toml");
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(
+        r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "project"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.12"
+        dependencies = ["iniconfig"]
+        "#,
+    )?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock(), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 2 packages in [TIME]
+    ");
+
+    let lock = context.read("uv.lock");
+
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => context.filters(),
+    }, {
+        assert_snapshot!(
+            lock, @r#"
+        version = 1
+        revision = 1
+        requires-python = ">=3.12"
+
+        [options]
+        exclude-newer = "2024-03-25T00:00:00Z"
+
+        [[package]]
+        name = "iniconfig"
+        version = "2.0.0"
+        source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+        sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/4b/cbd8e699e64a6f16ca3a8220661b5f83792b3017d0f79807cb8708d33913/iniconfig-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2d91e135bf72d31a410b17c16da610a82cb55f6b0477d1a902134b24a455b8b3", size = 4646 }
+        wheels = [
+            { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ef/a6/62565a6e1cf69e10f5727360368e451d4b7f58beeac6173dc9db836a5b46/iniconfig-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b6a85871a79d2e3b22d2d1b94ac2824226a63c6b741c88f7ae975f18b6778374", size = 5892 },
+        ]
+
+        [[package]]
+        name = "project"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        source = { virtual = "." }
+        dependencies = [
+            { name = "iniconfig" },
+        ]
+
+        [package.metadata]
+        requires-dist = [{ name = "iniconfig" }]
+        "#);
+    });
+
+    // Write an inconsistent iniconfig entry
+    context
+        .temp_dir
+        .child("uv.lock")
+        .write_str(&lock.replace(r#"version = "2.0.0""#, r#"version = "1.0.0""#))?;
+
+    // An inconsistent lockfile should fail with `--locked`
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.sync().arg("--locked"), @r"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: Failed to parse `uv.lock`
+      Caused by: Locked package and file versions are inconsistent for `iniconfig`
+    ");
+
+    // Without `--locked`, we could fail or recreate the lockfile, currently, we fail.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock(), @r"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: Failed to parse `uv.lock`
+      Caused by: Locked package and file versions are inconsistent for `iniconfig`
+    ");
+
+    Ok(())
+}