Percent-decode URLs in canonical comparisons (#11088)

## Summary

This PR adds an additional normalization step to `CanonicalUrl` whereby
we now percent-decode the path, to ensure that (e.g.)
`torch-2.5.1%2Bcpu.cxx11.abi-cp39-cp39-linux_x86_64.whl` and
`torch-2.5.1+cpu.cxx11.abi-cp39-cp39-linux_x86_64.whl` are considered
equal. Further, when generating the "reinstall" report, we use the
canonical URL rather than the verbatim URL.

In making this change, I also learned that we don't apply any of the
normalization passes to `file://` URLs. I inadvertently removed it in
93d606aba2,
since setting the password or URL on ` file://` URL errors -- but now
suppress those errors anyway.

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/11082.

## Test Plan

- Downloaded a [PyTorch
wheel](https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu-cxx11-abi/torch-2.5.1%2Bcpu.cxx11.abi-cp39-cp39-linux_x86_64.whl)
- `python3.9 -m pip install
torch-2.5.1+cpu.cxx11.abi-cp39-cp39-linux_x86_64.whl --platform
linux_x86_64 --target foo --no-deps`
- `cargo run pip install
torch-2.5.1+cpu.cxx11.abi-cp39-cp39-linux_x86_64.whl --python-platform
linux --python-version 3.9 --target foo --no-deps`
- Verified that the package had the `~` symbol for the reinstall.

Cargo.lock

@@ -4750,8 +4750,10 @@ name = "uv-cache-key"
 version = "0.0.1"
 dependencies = [
  "hex",
+ "memchr",
  "seahash",
  "url",
+ "urlencoding",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

crates/uv-cache-key/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@ workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 hex = { workspace = true }
+memchr = { workspace = true }
 seahash = { workspace = true }
 url = { workspace = true }
+urlencoding = { workspace = true }

crates/uv-cache-key/src/canonical_url.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::ops::Deref;
@@ -26,11 +27,6 @@ impl CanonicalUrl {
             return Self(url);
         }
 
-        // If the URL has no host, then it's not a valid URL anyway.
-        if !url.has_host() {
-            return Self(url);
-        }
-
         // Strip credentials.
         let _ = url.set_password(None);
         let _ = url.set_username("");
@@ -76,6 +72,23 @@ impl CanonicalUrl {
             }
         }
 
+        // Decode any percent-encoded characters in the path.
+        if memchr::memchr(b'%', url.path().as_bytes()).is_some() {
+            let decoded = url
+                .path_segments()
+                .unwrap()
+                .map(|segment| {
+                    urlencoding::decode(segment)
+                        .unwrap_or(Cow::Borrowed(segment))
+                        .into_owned()
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+            let mut path_segments = url.path_segments_mut().unwrap();
+            path_segments.clear();
+            path_segments.extend(decoded);
+        }
+
         Self(url)
     }
 
@@ -276,6 +289,38 @@ mod tests {
             CanonicalUrl::parse("git+https:://github.com/pypa/sample-namespace-packages.git")?,
         );
 
+        // Two URLs should _not_ be considered equal based on percent-decoding slashes.
+        assert_ne!(
+            CanonicalUrl::parse("https://github.com/pypa/sample%2Fnamespace%2Fpackages")?,
+            CanonicalUrl::parse("https://github.com/pypa/sample/namespace/packages")?,
+        );
+
+        // Two URLs should be considered equal regardless of percent-encoding.
+        assert_eq!(
+            CanonicalUrl::parse("https://github.com/pypa/sample%2Bnamespace%2Bpackages")?,
+            CanonicalUrl::parse("https://github.com/pypa/sample+namespace+packages")?,
+        );
+
+        // Two URLs should _not_ be considered equal based on percent-decoding slashes.
+        assert_ne!(
+            CanonicalUrl::parse(
+                "file:///home/ferris/my_project%2Fmy_project-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+            )?,
+            CanonicalUrl::parse(
+                "file:///home/ferris/my_project/my_project-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+            )?,
+        );
+
+        // Two URLs should be considered equal regardless of percent-encoding.
+        assert_eq!(
+            CanonicalUrl::parse(
+                "file:///home/ferris/my_project/my_project-0.1.0+foo-py3-none-any.whl"
+            )?,
+            CanonicalUrl::parse(
+                "file:///home/ferris/my_project/my_project-0.1.0%2Bfoo-py3-none-any.whl"
+            )?,
+        );
+
         Ok(())
     }
 

crates/uv-distribution-types/src/any.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use std::hash::Hash;
 
+use uv_cache_key::CanonicalUrl;
 use uv_normalize::PackageName;
+use uv_pep440::Version;
 
 use crate::cached::CachedDist;
 use crate::installed::InstalledDist;
@@ -8,19 +10,29 @@ use crate::{InstalledMetadata, InstalledVersion, Name};
 
 /// A distribution which is either installable, is a wheel in our cache or is already installed.
 ///
-/// Note equality and hash operations are only based on the name and version, not the kind.
+/// Note equality and hash operations are only based on the name and canonical version, not the
+/// kind.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq)]
 #[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub enum LocalDist {
-    Cached(CachedDist),
+    Cached(CachedDist, CanonicalVersion),
-    Installed(InstalledDist),
+    Installed(InstalledDist, CanonicalVersion),
+}
+
+impl LocalDist {
+    fn canonical_version(&self) -> &CanonicalVersion {
+        match self {
+            Self::Cached(_, version) => version,
+            Self::Installed(_, version) => version,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Name for LocalDist {
     fn name(&self) -> &PackageName {
         match self {
-            Self::Cached(dist) => dist.name(),
+            Self::Cached(dist, _) => dist.name(),
-            Self::Installed(dist) => dist.name(),
+            Self::Installed(dist, _) => dist.name(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -28,33 +40,53 @@ impl Name for LocalDist {
 impl InstalledMetadata for LocalDist {
     fn installed_version(&self) -> InstalledVersion {
         match self {
-            Self::Cached(dist) => dist.installed_version(),
+            Self::Cached(dist, _) => dist.installed_version(),
-            Self::Installed(dist) => dist.installed_version(),
+            Self::Installed(dist, _) => dist.installed_version(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<CachedDist> for LocalDist {
     fn from(dist: CachedDist) -> Self {
-        Self::Cached(dist)
+        let version = CanonicalVersion::from(dist.installed_version());
+        Self::Cached(dist, version)
     }
 }
 
 impl From<InstalledDist> for LocalDist {
     fn from(dist: InstalledDist) -> Self {
-        Self::Installed(dist)
+        let version = CanonicalVersion::from(dist.installed_version());
+        Self::Installed(dist, version)
     }
 }
 
 impl Hash for LocalDist {
     fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
         self.name().hash(state);
-        self.installed_version().hash(state);
+        self.canonical_version().hash(state);
     }
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for LocalDist {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.name() == other.name() && self.installed_version() == other.installed_version()
+        self.name() == other.name() && self.canonical_version() == other.canonical_version()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Like [`InstalledVersion`], but with [`CanonicalUrl`] to ensure robust URL comparisons.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum CanonicalVersion {
+    Version(Version),
+    Url(CanonicalUrl, Version),
+}
+
+impl From<InstalledVersion<'_>> for CanonicalVersion {
+    fn from(installed_version: InstalledVersion<'_>) -> Self {
+        match installed_version {
+            InstalledVersion::Version(version) => Self::Version(version.clone()),
+            InstalledVersion::Url(url, version) => {
+                Self::Url(CanonicalUrl::new(url), version.clone())
+            }
+        }
     }
 }