diff --git a/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/lib.rs b/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/lib.rs
index 3ad2053ad..ae07fdc43 100644
--- a/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/lib.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ pub enum Error {
     DirectUrlJson(#[from] serde_json::Error),
     #[error("No .dist-info directory found")]
     MissingDistInfo,
+    #[error("Cannot uninstall package; RECORD file not found at: {0}")]
+    MissingRecord(PathBuf),
     #[error("Multiple .dist-info directories found: {0}")]
     MultipleDistInfo(String),
     #[error("Invalid wheel size")]
diff --git a/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/uninstall.rs b/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/uninstall.rs
index 61d5e428a..3d7585092 100644
--- a/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/uninstall.rs
+++ b/crates/install-wheel-rs/src/uninstall.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
 
 use fs_err as fs;
-use fs_err::File;
 use tracing::debug;
 
 use crate::{read_record_file, Error};
@@ -16,7 +15,14 @@ pub fn uninstall_wheel(dist_info: &Path) -> Result<Uninstall, Error> {
     };
 
     // Read the RECORD file.
-    let mut record_file = File::open(dist_info.join("RECORD"))?;
+    let record_path = dist_info.join("RECORD");
+    let mut record_file = match fs::File::open(&record_path) {
+        Ok(record_file) => record_file,
+        Err(err) if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+            return Err(Error::MissingRecord(record_path));
+        }
+        Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
+    };
     let record = read_record_file(&mut record_file)?;
 
     let mut file_count = 0usize;
diff --git a/crates/puffin-cli/tests/pip_uninstall.rs b/crates/puffin-cli/tests/pip_uninstall.rs
index ab9054862..8e7dc4baa 100644
--- a/crates/puffin-cli/tests/pip_uninstall.rs
+++ b/crates/puffin-cli/tests/pip_uninstall.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use assert_cmd::prelude::*;
 use assert_fs::prelude::*;
 use insta_cmd::{assert_cmd_snapshot, get_cargo_bin};
 
+use crate::common::create_venv_py312;
 use common::{BIN_NAME, INSTA_FILTERS};
 
 mod common;
@@ -283,6 +284,69 @@ fn uninstall() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn missing_record() -> Result<()> {
+    let temp_dir = assert_fs::TempDir::new()?;
+    let cache_dir = assert_fs::TempDir::new()?;
+    let venv = create_venv_py312(&temp_dir, &cache_dir);
+
+    let requirements_txt = temp_dir.child("requirements.txt");
+    requirements_txt.touch()?;
+    requirements_txt.write_str("MarkupSafe==2.1.3")?;
+
+    Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+        .arg("pip-sync")
+        .arg("requirements.txt")
+        .arg("--cache-dir")
+        .arg(cache_dir.path())
+        .env("VIRTUAL_ENV", venv.as_os_str())
+        .current_dir(&temp_dir)
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+
+    Command::new(venv.join("bin").join("python"))
+        .arg("-c")
+        .arg("import markupsafe")
+        .current_dir(&temp_dir)
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+
+    // Delete the RECORD file.
+    let dist_info = venv
+        .join("lib")
+        .join("python3.12")
+        .join("site-packages")
+        .join("MarkupSafe-2.1.3.dist-info");
+    std::fs::remove_file(dist_info.join("RECORD"))?;
+
+    let mut filters = INSTA_FILTERS.to_vec();
+    filters.push((
+        "RECORD file not found at: .*/.venv",
+        "RECORD file not found at: [VENV_PATH]",
+    ));
+
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => filters,
+    }, {
+        assert_cmd_snapshot!(Command::new(get_cargo_bin(BIN_NAME))
+            .arg("pip-uninstall")
+            .arg("MarkupSafe")
+            .arg("--cache-dir")
+            .arg(cache_dir.path())
+            .env("VIRTUAL_ENV", venv.as_os_str())
+            .current_dir(&temp_dir), @r###"
+        success: false
+        exit_code: 2
+        ----- stdout -----
+
+        ----- stderr -----
+        error: Cannot uninstall package; RECORD file not found at: [VENV_PATH]/lib/python3.12/site-packages/MarkupSafe-2.1.3.dist-info/RECORD
+        "###);
+    });
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn uninstall_editable_by_name() -> Result<()> {
     let temp_dir = assert_fs::TempDir::new()?;