Add support for --prefix and --with installations in find_uv_bin (#14184)

Follows #14182

Adds support for the case described at
https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/10194#issuecomment-2993544346

This also happens to fix both `--with` requirement test cases, which
should close https://github.com/tox-dev/pre-commit-uv/issues/70

python/uv/_find_uv.py

@@ -16,16 +16,29 @@ def find_uv_bin() -> str:
     targets = [
         # The scripts directory for the current Python
         sysconfig.get_path("scripts"),
-        # The scripts directory for the base prefix (if different)
+        # The scripts directory for the base prefix
         sysconfig.get_path("scripts", vars={"base": sys.base_prefix}),
         # The user scheme scripts directory, e.g., `~/.local/bin`
         sysconfig.get_path("scripts", scheme=_user_scheme()),
-        # Adjacent to the package root, e.g. from, `pip install --target`
-        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), "bin"),
+        # Above the package root, e.g., from `pip install --prefix` or `uv run --with`
+        (
+            # On Windows, with module path `<prefix>/Lib/site-packages/uv`
+            _join(_matching_parents(_module_path(), "Lib/site-packages/uv"), "Scripts")
+            if sys.platform == "win32"
+            # On Unix,  with module path `<prefix>/lib/python3.13/site-packages/uv`
+            else _join(
+                _matching_parents(_module_path(), "lib/python*/site-packages/uv"), "bin"
+            )
+        ),
+        # Adjacent to the package root, e.g., from `pip install --target`
+        # with module path `<target>/uv`
+        _join(_matching_parents(_module_path(), "uv"), "bin"),
     ]
 
     seen = []
     for target in targets:
+        if not target:
+            continue
         if target in seen:
             continue
         seen.append(target)
@@ -39,6 +52,45 @@ def find_uv_bin() -> str:
     )
 
 
+def _module_path() -> str | None:
+    path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    return path
+
+
+def _matching_parents(path: str | None, match: str) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Return the parent directory of `path` after trimming a `match` from the end.
+    The match is expected to contain `/` as a path separator, while the `path`
+    is expected to use the platform's path separator (e.g., `os.sep`). The path
+    components are compared case-insensitively and a `*` wildcard can be used
+    in the `match`.
+    """
+    from fnmatch import fnmatch
+
+    if not path:
+        return None
+    parts = path.split(os.sep)
+    match_parts = match.split("/")
+    if len(parts) < len(match_parts):
+        return None
+
+    if not all(
+        fnmatch(part, match_part)
+        for part, match_part in zip(
+            reversed(parts), reversed(match_parts), strict=False
+        )
+    ):
+        return None
+
+    return os.sep.join(parts[: -len(match_parts)])
+
+
+def _join(path: str | None, *parts: str) -> str | None:
+    if not path:
+        return None
+    return os.path.join(path, *parts)
+
+
 def _user_scheme() -> str:
     if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
         user_scheme = sysconfig.get_preferred_scheme("user")