Better rendering for multiline error messages (#17132)

Split out from https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/17110

Indent multiline error messages properly, and add a test with a
multiline context and a context below since that combination isn't
captured atm.

---------

Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>

Cargo.lock

@@ -6959,6 +6959,9 @@ name = "uv-warnings"
 version = "0.0.7"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
+ "anyhow",
+ "indoc",
+ "insta",
  "owo-colors",
  "rustc-hash",
 ]

crates/uv-warnings/Cargo.toml

@@ -19,3 +19,8 @@ workspace = true
 anstream = { workspace = true }
 owo-colors = { workspace = true }
 rustc-hash = { workspace = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+indoc = { workspace = true }
+insta = { workspace = true }

crates/uv-warnings/src/lib.rs

@@ -74,6 +74,15 @@ macro_rules! warn_user_once {
 /// warning: Failed to create registry entry for Python 3.12
 ///   Caused By: Security policy forbids chaining registry entries
 /// ```
+///
+/// ```text
+/// error: Failed to download Python 3.12
+///  Caused by: Failed to fetch https://example.com/upload/python3.13.tar.zst
+///             Server says: This endpoint only support POST requests.
+///
+///             For downloads, please refer to https://example.com/download/python3.13.tar.zst
+///  Caused by: Caused By: HTTP Error 400
+/// ```
 pub fn write_error_chain(
     err: &dyn Error,
     mut stream: impl std::fmt::Write,
@@ -88,12 +97,62 @@ pub fn write_error_chain(
         err.to_string().trim()
     )?;
     for source in iter::successors(err.source(), |&err| err.source()) {
+        let msg = source.to_string();
+        let mut lines = msg.lines();
+        if let Some(first) = lines.next() {
+            let padding = "  ";
+            let cause = "Caused by";
+            let child_padding = " ".repeat(padding.len() + cause.len() + 2);
             writeln!(
                 &mut stream,
-            "  {}: {}",
+                "{}{}: {}",
-            "Caused by".color(color).bold(),
+                padding,
-            source.to_string().trim()
+                cause.color(color).bold(),
+                first.trim()
             )?;
+            for line in lines {
+                let line = line.trim_end();
+                if line.is_empty() {
+                    // Avoid showing indents on empty lines
+                    writeln!(&mut stream)?;
+                } else {
+                    writeln!(&mut stream, "{}{}", child_padding, line.trim_end())?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::write_error_chain;
+    use anyhow::anyhow;
+    use indoc::indoc;
+    use insta::assert_snapshot;
+    use owo_colors::AnsiColors;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn format_multiline_message() {
+        let err_middle = indoc! {"Failed to fetch https://example.com/upload/python3.13.tar.zst
+        Server says: This endpoint only support POST requests.
+
+        For downloads, please refer to https://example.com/download/python3.13.tar.zst"};
+        let err = anyhow!("Caused By: HTTP Error 400")
+            .context(err_middle)
+            .context("Failed to download Python 3.12");
+
+        let mut rendered = String::new();
+        write_error_chain(err.as_ref(), &mut rendered, "error", AnsiColors::Red).unwrap();
+        let rendered = anstream::adapter::strip_str(&rendered);
+
+        assert_snapshot!(rendered, @r"
+        error: Failed to download Python 3.12
+          Caused by: Failed to fetch https://example.com/upload/python3.13.tar.zst
+                     Server says: This endpoint only support POST requests.
+
+                     For downloads, please refer to https://example.com/download/python3.13.tar.zst
+          Caused by: Caused By: HTTP Error 400
+        ");
+    }
+}