Add `--python-platform` to `uv pip check` (#15486)

## Summary

I want this to facilitate some testing for
https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/15035.

crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -2373,6 +2373,27 @@ pub struct PipCheckArgs {
 
     #[arg(long, overrides_with("system"), hide = true)]
     pub no_system: bool,
+
+    /// The Python version against which packages should be checked.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the installed packages are checked against the version of the current
+    /// interpreter.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub python_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+
+    /// The platform for which packages should be checked.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the installed packages are checked against the platform of the current
+    /// interpreter.
+    ///
+    /// Represented as a "target triple", a string that describes the target platform in terms of
+    /// its CPU, vendor, and operating system name, like `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` or
+    /// `aarch64-apple-darwin`.
+    ///
+    /// When targeting macOS (Darwin), the default minimum version is `12.0`. Use
+    /// `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to specify a different minimum version, e.g., `13.0`.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub python_platform: Option<TargetTriple>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Args)]

crates/uv/src/commands/pip/check.rs

@@ -5,13 +5,16 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
 
 use uv_cache::Cache;
+use uv_configuration::TargetTriple;
 use uv_distribution_types::{Diagnostic, InstalledDist};
 use uv_installer::{SitePackages, SitePackagesDiagnostic};
 use uv_preview::Preview;
-use uv_python::PythonPreference;
+use uv_python::{
-use uv_python::{EnvironmentPreference, PythonEnvironment, PythonRequest};
+    EnvironmentPreference, PythonEnvironment, PythonPreference, PythonRequest, PythonVersion,
+};
 
 use crate::commands::pip::operations::report_target_environment;
+use crate::commands::pip::resolution_markers;
 use crate::commands::{ExitStatus, elapsed};
 use crate::printer::Printer;
 
@@ -19,6 +22,8 @@ use crate::printer::Printer;
 pub(crate) fn pip_check(
     python: Option<&str>,
     system: bool,
+    python_version: Option<&PythonVersion>,
+    python_platform: Option<&TargetTriple>,
     cache: &Cache,
     printer: Printer,
     preview: Preview,
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ pub(crate) fn pip_check(
     )?;
 
     // Determine the markers to use for resolution.
-    let markers = environment.interpreter().resolver_marker_environment();
+    let markers = resolution_markers(python_version, python_platform, environment.interpreter());
 
     // Run the diagnostics.
     let diagnostics: Vec<SitePackagesDiagnostic> =

crates/uv/src/lib.rs

@@ -916,6 +916,8 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             commands::pip_check(
                 args.settings.python.as_deref(),
                 args.settings.system,
+                args.python_version.as_ref(),
+                args.python_platform.as_ref(),
                 &cache,
                 printer,
                 globals.preview,

crates/uv/src/settings.rs

@@ -2589,6 +2589,8 @@ impl PipTreeSettings {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct PipCheckSettings {
     pub(crate) settings: PipSettings,
+    pub(crate) python_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+    pub(crate) python_platform: Option<TargetTriple>,
 }
 
 impl PipCheckSettings {
@@ -2598,6 +2600,8 @@ impl PipCheckSettings {
             python,
             system,
             no_system,
+            python_version,
+            python_platform,
         } = args;
 
         Self {
@@ -2609,6 +2613,8 @@ impl PipCheckSettings {
                 },
                 filesystem,
             ),
+            python_version,
+            python_platform,
         }
     }
 }

crates/uv/tests/it/pip_check.rs

@@ -187,3 +187,36 @@ fn check_multiple_incompatible_packages() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn check_python_version() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context
+        .pip_install()
+        .arg("urllib3")
+        .arg("--strict"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + urllib3==2.2.1
+    "
+    );
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.pip_check().arg("--python-version").arg("3.7"), @r"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Checked 1 package in [TIME]
+    Found 1 incompatibility
+    The package `urllib3` requires Python >=3.8, but `3.12.[X]` is installed
+    "
+    );
+}

docs/reference/cli.md

@@ -4823,7 +4823,54 @@ uv pip check [OPTIONS]
 <p>By default, uv checks packages in a virtual environment but will check packages in a system
 Python environment if no virtual environment is found.</p>
 <p>See <a href="#uv-python">uv python</a> for details on Python discovery and supported request formats.</p>
-<p>May also be set with the <code>UV_PYTHON</code> environment variable.</p></dd><dt id="uv-pip-check--quiet"><a href="#uv-pip-check--quiet"><code>--quiet</code></a>, <code>-q</code></dt><dd><p>Use quiet output.</p>
+<p>May also be set with the <code>UV_PYTHON</code> environment variable.</p></dd><dt id="uv-pip-check--python-platform"><a href="#uv-pip-check--python-platform"><code>--python-platform</code></a> <i>python-platform</i></dt><dd><p>The platform for which packages should be checked.</p>
+<p>By default, the installed packages are checked against the platform of the current interpreter.</p>
+<p>Represented as a &quot;target triple&quot;, a string that describes the target platform in terms of its CPU, vendor, and operating system name, like <code>x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu</code> or <code>aarch64-apple-darwin</code>.</p>
+<p>When targeting macOS (Darwin), the default minimum version is <code>12.0</code>. Use <code>MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET</code> to specify a different minimum version, e.g., <code>13.0</code>.</p>
+<p>Possible values:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>windows</code>:  An alias for <code>x86_64-pc-windows-msvc</code>, the default target for Windows</li>
+<li><code>linux</code>:  An alias for <code>x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu</code>, the default target for Linux</li>
+<li><code>macos</code>:  An alias for <code>aarch64-apple-darwin</code>, the default target for macOS</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-pc-windows-msvc</code>:  A 64-bit x86 Windows target</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-pc-windows-msvc</code>:  An ARM64 Windows target</li>
+<li><code>i686-pc-windows-msvc</code>:  A 32-bit x86 Windows target</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu</code>:  An x86 Linux target. Equivalent to <code>x86_64-manylinux_2_28</code></li>
+<li><code>aarch64-apple-darwin</code>:  An ARM-based macOS target, as seen on Apple Silicon devices</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-apple-darwin</code>:  An x86 macOS target</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu</code>:  An ARM64 Linux target. Equivalent to <code>aarch64-manylinux_2_28</code></li>
+<li><code>aarch64-unknown-linux-musl</code>:  An ARM64 Linux target</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-unknown-linux-musl</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> Linux target</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux2014</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux2014</code> platform. Equivalent to <code>x86_64-manylinux_2_17</code></li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_17</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_17</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_28</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_28</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_31</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_31</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_32</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_32</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_33</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_33</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_34</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_34</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_35</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_35</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_36</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_36</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_37</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_37</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_38</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_38</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_39</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_39</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>x86_64-manylinux_2_40</code>:  An <code>x86_64</code> target for the <code>manylinux_2_40</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux2014</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux2014</code> platform. Equivalent to <code>aarch64-manylinux_2_17</code></li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_17</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_17</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_28</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_28</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_31</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_31</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_32</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_32</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_33</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_33</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_34</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_34</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_35</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_35</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_36</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_36</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_37</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_37</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_38</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_38</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_39</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_39</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>aarch64-manylinux_2_40</code>:  An ARM64 target for the <code>manylinux_2_40</code> platform</li>
+<li><code>wasm32-pyodide2024</code>:  A wasm32 target using the Pyodide 2024 platform. Meant for use with Python 3.12</li>
+</ul></dd><dt id="uv-pip-check--python-version"><a href="#uv-pip-check--python-version"><code>--python-version</code></a> <i>python-version</i></dt><dd><p>The Python version against which packages should be checked.</p>
+<p>By default, the installed packages are checked against the version of the current interpreter.</p>
+</dd><dt id="uv-pip-check--quiet"><a href="#uv-pip-check--quiet"><code>--quiet</code></a>, <code>-q</code></dt><dd><p>Use quiet output.</p>
 <p>Repeating this option, e.g., <code>-qq</code>, will enable a silent mode in which uv will write no output to stdout.</p>
 </dd><dt id="uv-pip-check--system"><a href="#uv-pip-check--system"><code>--system</code></a></dt><dd><p>Check packages in the system Python environment.</p>
 <p>Disables discovery of virtual environments.</p>