diff --git a/crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs b/crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs
index 08f1b5ee2..f3ac89b99 100644
--- a/crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs
@@ -4102,6 +4102,15 @@ pub struct ToolRunArgs {
     #[arg(long, short, alias = "constraint", env = EnvVars::UV_CONSTRAINT, value_delimiter = ' ', value_parser = parse_maybe_file_path)]
     pub constraints: Vec<Maybe<PathBuf>>,
 
+    /// Constrain build dependencies using the given requirements files when building source
+    /// distributions.
+    ///
+    /// Constraints files are `requirements.txt`-like files that only control the _version_ of a
+    /// requirement that's installed. However, including a package in a constraints file will _not_
+    /// trigger the installation of that package.
+    #[arg(long, short, alias = "build-constraint", env = EnvVars::UV_BUILD_CONSTRAINT, value_delimiter = ' ', value_parser = parse_maybe_file_path)]
+    pub build_constraints: Vec<Maybe<PathBuf>>,
+
     /// Override versions using the given requirements files.
     ///
     /// Overrides files are `requirements.txt`-like files that force a specific version of a
@@ -4212,6 +4221,15 @@ pub struct ToolInstallArgs {
     #[arg(long, alias = "override", env = EnvVars::UV_OVERRIDE, value_delimiter = ' ', value_parser = parse_maybe_file_path)]
     pub overrides: Vec<Maybe<PathBuf>>,
 
+    /// Constrain build dependencies using the given requirements files when building source
+    /// distributions.
+    ///
+    /// Constraints files are `requirements.txt`-like files that only control the _version_ of a
+    /// requirement that's installed. However, including a package in a constraints file will _not_
+    /// trigger the installation of that package.
+    #[arg(long, short, alias = "build-constraint", env = EnvVars::UV_BUILD_CONSTRAINT, value_delimiter = ' ', value_parser = parse_maybe_file_path)]
+    pub build_constraints: Vec<Maybe<PathBuf>>,
+
     #[command(flatten)]
     pub installer: ResolverInstallerArgs,
 
diff --git a/crates/uv-tool/src/tool.rs b/crates/uv-tool/src/tool.rs
index ed9b2cb40..a89aeb98c 100644
--- a/crates/uv-tool/src/tool.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-tool/src/tool.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ pub struct Tool {
     constraints: Vec<Requirement>,
     /// The overrides requested by the user during installation.
     overrides: Vec<Requirement>,
+    /// The build constraints requested by the user during installation.
+    build_constraints: Vec<Requirement>,
     /// The Python requested by the user during installation.
     python: Option<String>,
     /// A mapping of entry point names to their metadata.
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ pub struct Tool {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 struct ToolWire {
     #[serde(default)]
     requirements: Vec<RequirementWire>,
@@ -35,6 +38,8 @@ struct ToolWire {
     constraints: Vec<Requirement>,
     #[serde(default)]
     overrides: Vec<Requirement>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    build_constraint_dependencies: Vec<Requirement>,
     python: Option<String>,
     entrypoints: Vec<ToolEntrypoint>,
     #[serde(default)]
@@ -61,6 +66,7 @@ impl From<Tool> for ToolWire {
                 .collect(),
             constraints: tool.constraints,
             overrides: tool.overrides,
+            build_constraint_dependencies: tool.build_constraints,
             python: tool.python,
             entrypoints: tool.entrypoints,
             options: tool.options,
@@ -83,6 +89,7 @@ impl TryFrom<ToolWire> for Tool {
                 .collect(),
             constraints: tool.constraints,
             overrides: tool.overrides,
+            build_constraints: tool.build_constraint_dependencies,
             python: tool.python,
             entrypoints: tool.entrypoints,
             options: tool.options,
@@ -156,6 +163,7 @@ impl Tool {
         requirements: Vec<Requirement>,
         constraints: Vec<Requirement>,
         overrides: Vec<Requirement>,
+        build_constraints: Vec<Requirement>,
         python: Option<String>,
         entrypoints: impl Iterator<Item = ToolEntrypoint>,
         options: ToolOptions,
@@ -166,6 +174,7 @@ impl Tool {
             requirements,
             constraints,
             overrides,
+            build_constraints,
             python,
             entrypoints,
             options,
@@ -248,6 +257,28 @@ impl Tool {
             });
         }
 
+        if !self.build_constraints.is_empty() {
+            table.insert("build-constraint-dependencies", {
+                let build_constraints = self
+                    .build_constraints
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|r#build_constraint| {
+                        serde::Serialize::serialize(
+                            &r#build_constraint,
+                            toml_edit::ser::ValueSerializer::new(),
+                        )
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+                let build_constraints = match build_constraints.as_slice() {
+                    [] => Array::new(),
+                    [r#build_constraint] => Array::from_iter([r#build_constraint]),
+                    build_constraints => each_element_on_its_line_array(build_constraints.iter()),
+                };
+                value(build_constraints)
+            });
+        }
+
         if let Some(ref python) = self.python {
             table.insert("python", value(python));
         }
@@ -292,6 +323,10 @@ impl Tool {
         &self.overrides
     }
 
+    pub fn build_constraints(&self) -> &[Requirement] {
+        &self.build_constraints
+    }
+
     pub fn python(&self) -> &Option<String> {
         &self.python
     }
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
index 89b3dd2e1..033666b2b 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
@@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ async fn build_package(
 
     let build_constraints = Constraints::from_requirements(
         build_constraints
-            .iter()
-            .map(|constraint| constraint.requirement.clone()),
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|constraint| constraint.requirement),
     );
 
     // Initialize the registry client.
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs
index 7858087b8..e43c36894 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/compile.rs
@@ -213,8 +213,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn pip_compile(
     let build_constraints: Vec<NameRequirementSpecification> =
         operations::read_constraints(build_constraints, &client_builder)
             .await?
-            .iter()
-            .cloned()
+            .into_iter()
             .chain(
                 build_constraints_from_workspace
                     .into_iter()
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs
index d1790c697..da8ec6674 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/pip/install.rs
@@ -154,8 +154,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn pip_install(
     let build_constraints: Vec<NameRequirementSpecification> =
         operations::read_constraints(build_constraints, &client_builder)
             .await?
-            .iter()
-            .cloned()
+            .into_iter()
             .chain(
                 build_constraints_from_workspace
                     .iter()
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs
index 49b7cc236..73325ce85 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use tracing::debug;
 
 use uv_cache::{Cache, CacheBucket};
 use uv_cache_key::{cache_digest, hash_digest};
-use uv_configuration::{Concurrency, PreviewMode};
+use uv_configuration::{Concurrency, Constraints, PreviewMode};
 use uv_distribution_types::{Name, Resolution};
 use uv_python::{Interpreter, PythonEnvironment};
 
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ impl CachedEnvironment {
     /// Get or create an [`CachedEnvironment`] based on a given set of requirements.
     pub(crate) async fn from_spec(
         spec: EnvironmentSpecification<'_>,
+        build_constraints: Constraints,
         interpreter: &Interpreter,
         settings: &ResolverInstallerSettings,
         network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ impl CachedEnvironment {
             venv,
             &resolution,
             Modifications::Exact,
+            build_constraints,
             settings.into(),
             network_settings,
             state,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
index ee9266a12..dc9b93a54 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
@@ -1824,6 +1824,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync_environment(
     venv: PythonEnvironment,
     resolution: &Resolution,
     modifications: Modifications,
+    build_constraints: Constraints,
     settings: InstallerSettingsRef<'_>,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     state: &PlatformState,
@@ -1891,7 +1892,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync_environment(
 
     // TODO(charlie): These are all default values. We should consider whether we want to make them
     // optional on the downstream APIs.
-    let build_constraints = Constraints::default();
     let build_hasher = HashStrategy::default();
     let dry_run = DryRun::default();
     let hasher = HashStrategy::default();
@@ -1982,6 +1982,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_environment(
     venv: PythonEnvironment,
     spec: RequirementsSpecification,
     modifications: Modifications,
+    build_constraints: Constraints,
     settings: &ResolverInstallerSettings,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     state: &SharedState,
@@ -2113,7 +2114,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_environment(
 
     // TODO(charlie): These are all default values. We should consider whether we want to make them
     // optional on the downstream APIs.
-    let build_constraints = Constraints::default();
     let build_hasher = HashStrategy::default();
     let extras = ExtrasSpecification::default();
     let groups = BTreeMap::new();
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs
index 8ba505769..731fbd01f 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ use uv_cache::Cache;
 use uv_cli::ExternalCommand;
 use uv_client::BaseClientBuilder;
 use uv_configuration::{
-    Concurrency, DependencyGroups, DryRun, EditableMode, ExtrasSpecification, InstallOptions,
-    PreviewMode,
+    Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroups, DryRun, EditableMode, ExtrasSpecification,
+    InstallOptions, PreviewMode,
 };
+use uv_distribution_types::Requirement;
 use uv_fs::which::is_executable;
 use uv_fs::{PythonExt, Simplified};
 use uv_installer::{SatisfiesResult, SitePackages};
@@ -351,10 +352,28 @@ hint: If you are running a script with `{}` in the shebang, you may need to incl
                 .await?
                 .into_environment()?;
 
+                let build_constraints = script
+                    .metadata()
+                    .tool
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .and_then(|tool| {
+                        tool.uv
+                            .as_ref()
+                            .and_then(|uv| uv.build_constraint_dependencies.as_ref())
+                    })
+                    .map(|constraints| {
+                        Constraints::from_requirements(
+                            constraints
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(|constraint| Requirement::from(constraint.clone())),
+                        )
+                    });
+
                 match update_environment(
                     environment,
                     spec,
                     modifications,
+                    build_constraints.unwrap_or_default(),
                     &settings,
                     &network_settings,
                     &sync_state,
@@ -880,6 +899,8 @@ hint: If you are running a script with `{}` in the shebang, you may need to incl
                     lock.as_ref()
                         .map(|(lock, install_path)| (lock, install_path.as_ref())),
                 ),
+                // TODO(bluefact): Respect build constraints for `uv run --with` dependencies.
+                Constraints::default(),
                 &base_interpreter,
                 &settings,
                 &network_settings,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
index 3bf88556c..c2089f86e 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ use uv_auth::UrlAuthPolicies;
 use uv_cache::Cache;
 use uv_client::{FlatIndexClient, RegistryClientBuilder};
 use uv_configuration::{
-    Concurrency, DependencyGroups, DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DryRun, EditableMode,
+    Concurrency, Constraints, DependencyGroups, DependencyGroupsWithDefaults, DryRun, EditableMode,
     ExtrasSpecification, HashCheckingMode, InstallOptions, PreviewMode,
 };
 use uv_dispatch::BuildDispatch;
 use uv_distribution_types::{
-    DirectorySourceDist, Dist, Index, Resolution, ResolvedDist, SourceDist,
+    DirectorySourceDist, Dist, Index, Requirement, Resolution, ResolvedDist, SourceDist,
 };
 use uv_fs::Simplified;
 use uv_installer::SitePackages;
@@ -274,12 +274,33 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync(
                 ));
             }
 
+            // Parse the requirements from the script.
             let spec = script_specification(Pep723ItemRef::Script(script), &settings.resolver)?
                 .unwrap_or_default();
+
+            // Parse the build constraints from the script.
+            let build_constraints = script
+                .metadata
+                .tool
+                .as_ref()
+                .and_then(|tool| {
+                    tool.uv
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|uv| uv.build_constraint_dependencies.as_ref())
+                })
+                .map(|constraints| {
+                    Constraints::from_requirements(
+                        constraints
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|constraint| Requirement::from(constraint.clone())),
+                    )
+                });
+
             match update_environment(
                 Deref::deref(&environment).clone(),
                 spec,
                 modifications,
+                build_constraints.unwrap_or_default(),
                 &settings,
                 &network_settings,
                 &PlatformState::default(),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/common.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/common.rs
index d0f1cef44..ea504820b 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/common.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/common.rs
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ pub(crate) fn install_executables(
     requirements: Vec<Requirement>,
     constraints: Vec<Requirement>,
     overrides: Vec<Requirement>,
+    build_constraints: Vec<Requirement>,
     printer: Printer,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<ExitStatus> {
     let site_packages = SitePackages::from_environment(environment)?;
@@ -289,6 +290,7 @@ pub(crate) fn install_executables(
         requirements,
         constraints,
         overrides,
+        build_constraints,
         python,
         target_entry_points
             .into_iter()
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs
index 8ad0f4234..c0b42d8f2 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use tracing::{debug, trace};
 use uv_cache::{Cache, Refresh};
 use uv_cache_info::Timestamp;
 use uv_client::BaseClientBuilder;
-use uv_configuration::{Concurrency, DryRun, PreviewMode, Reinstall, Upgrade};
+use uv_configuration::{Concurrency, Constraints, DryRun, PreviewMode, Reinstall, Upgrade};
 use uv_distribution_types::{
     NameRequirementSpecification, Requirement, RequirementSource,
     UnresolvedRequirementSpecification,
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use uv_warnings::warn_user;
 use uv_workspace::WorkspaceCache;
 
 use crate::commands::pip::loggers::{DefaultInstallLogger, DefaultResolveLogger};
-use crate::commands::pip::operations::Modifications;
+use crate::commands::pip::operations::{self, Modifications};
 use crate::commands::project::{
     resolve_environment, resolve_names, sync_environment, update_environment,
     EnvironmentSpecification, PlatformState, ProjectError,
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
     with: &[RequirementsSource],
     constraints: &[RequirementsSource],
     overrides: &[RequirementsSource],
+    build_constraints: &[RequirementsSource],
     python: Option<String>,
     install_mirrors: PythonInstallMirrors,
     force: bool,
@@ -290,6 +291,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
     )
     .await?;
 
+    // Resolve the build constraints.
+    let build_constraints: Vec<Requirement> =
+        operations::read_constraints(build_constraints, &client_builder)
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|constraint| constraint.requirement)
+            .collect();
+
     // Convert to tool options.
     let options = ToolOptions::from(options);
 
@@ -362,6 +371,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
             if requirements == tool_receipt.requirements()
                 && constraints == tool_receipt.constraints()
                 && overrides == tool_receipt.overrides()
+                && build_constraints == tool_receipt.build_constraints()
             {
                 if *tool_receipt.options() != options {
                     // ...but the options differ, we need to update the receipt.
@@ -410,6 +420,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
             environment,
             spec,
             Modifications::Exact,
+            Constraints::from_requirements(build_constraints.iter().cloned()),
             &settings,
             &network_settings,
             &state,
@@ -540,6 +551,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
             environment,
             &resolution.into(),
             Modifications::Exact,
+            Constraints::from_requirements(build_constraints.iter().cloned()),
             (&settings).into(),
             &network_settings,
             &state,
@@ -576,6 +588,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
         requirements,
         constraints,
         overrides,
+        build_constraints,
         printer,
     )
 }
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs
index 2a30961cd..7d4cbc174 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use uv_cache::{Cache, Refresh};
 use uv_cache_info::Timestamp;
 use uv_cli::ExternalCommand;
 use uv_client::BaseClientBuilder;
+use uv_configuration::Constraints;
 use uv_configuration::{Concurrency, PreviewMode};
 use uv_distribution_types::{
     IndexUrl, Name, NameRequirementSpecification, Requirement, RequirementSource,
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ use uv_workspace::WorkspaceCache;
 use crate::commands::pip::loggers::{
     DefaultInstallLogger, DefaultResolveLogger, SummaryInstallLogger, SummaryResolveLogger,
 };
+use crate::commands::pip::operations;
 use crate::commands::project::{
     resolve_names, EnvironmentSpecification, PlatformState, ProjectError,
 };
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn run(
     with: &[RequirementsSource],
     constraints: &[RequirementsSource],
     overrides: &[RequirementsSource],
+    build_constraints: &[RequirementsSource],
     show_resolution: bool,
     python: Option<String>,
     install_mirrors: PythonInstallMirrors,
@@ -244,11 +247,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn run(
     };
 
     // Get or create a compatible environment in which to execute the tool.
-    let result = get_or_create_environment(
+    let result = Box::pin(get_or_create_environment(
         &request,
         with,
         constraints,
         overrides,
+        build_constraints,
         show_resolution,
         python.as_deref(),
         install_mirrors,
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn run(
         &cache,
         printer,
         preview,
-    )
+    ))
     .await;
 
     let (from, environment) = match result {
@@ -602,6 +606,7 @@ async fn get_or_create_environment(
     with: &[RequirementsSource],
     constraints: &[RequirementsSource],
     overrides: &[RequirementsSource],
+    build_constraints: &[RequirementsSource],
     show_resolution: bool,
     python: Option<&str>,
     install_mirrors: PythonInstallMirrors,
@@ -905,11 +910,20 @@ async fn get_or_create_environment(
         ..spec
     });
 
+    // Read the `--build-constraints` requirements.
+    let build_constraints = Constraints::from_requirements(
+        operations::read_constraints(build_constraints, &client_builder)
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|constraint| constraint.requirement),
+    );
+
     // TODO(zanieb): When implementing project-level tools, discover the project and check if it has the tool.
     // TODO(zanieb): Determine if we should layer on top of the project environment if it is present.
 
     let result = CachedEnvironment::from_spec(
         spec.clone(),
+        build_constraints.clone(),
         &interpreter,
         settings,
         network_settings,
@@ -967,6 +981,7 @@ async fn get_or_create_environment(
 
                 CachedEnvironment::from_spec(
                     spec,
+                    build_constraints,
                     &interpreter,
                     settings,
                     network_settings,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs
index ca355a5e7..215566dd9 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use tracing::debug;
 
 use uv_cache::Cache;
 use uv_client::BaseClientBuilder;
-use uv_configuration::{Concurrency, DryRun, PreviewMode};
+use uv_configuration::{Concurrency, Constraints, DryRun, PreviewMode};
 use uv_distribution_types::Requirement;
 use uv_fs::CWD;
 use uv_normalize::PackageName;
@@ -268,6 +268,9 @@ async fn upgrade_tool(
     );
     let settings = ResolverInstallerSettings::from(options.clone());
 
+    let build_constraints =
+        Constraints::from_requirements(existing_tool_receipt.build_constraints().iter().cloned());
+
     // Resolve the requirements.
     let spec = RequirementsSpecification::from_overrides(
         existing_tool_receipt.requirements().to_vec(),
@@ -310,6 +313,7 @@ async fn upgrade_tool(
             environment,
             &resolution.into(),
             Modifications::Exact,
+            build_constraints,
             (&settings).into(),
             network_settings,
             &state,
@@ -334,6 +338,7 @@ async fn upgrade_tool(
             environment,
             spec,
             Modifications::Exact,
+            build_constraints,
             &settings,
             network_settings,
             &state,
@@ -379,6 +384,7 @@ async fn upgrade_tool(
             existing_tool_receipt.requirements().to_vec(),
             existing_tool_receipt.constraints().to_vec(),
             existing_tool_receipt.overrides().to_vec(),
+            existing_tool_receipt.build_constraints().to_vec(),
             printer,
         )?;
     }
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/lib.rs b/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
index 651ef10c8..203e6db56 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
@@ -1104,12 +1104,19 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
                 .map(RequirementsSource::from_overrides_txt)
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
+            let build_constraints = args
+                .build_constraints
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(RequirementsSource::from_constraints_txt)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
             Box::pin(commands::tool_run(
                 args.command,
                 args.from,
                 &requirements,
                 &constraints,
                 &overrides,
+                &build_constraints,
                 args.show_resolution || globals.verbose > 0,
                 args.python,
                 args.install_mirrors,
@@ -1169,6 +1176,11 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(RequirementsSource::from_overrides_txt)
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let build_constraints = args
+                .build_constraints
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(RequirementsSource::from_constraints_txt)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
             Box::pin(commands::tool_install(
                 args.package,
@@ -1177,6 +1189,7 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
                 &requirements,
                 &constraints,
                 &overrides,
+                &build_constraints,
                 args.python,
                 args.install_mirrors,
                 args.force,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/settings.rs b/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
index 5d0e2e777..387d80aff 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
@@ -459,6 +459,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ToolRunSettings {
     pub(crate) with_editable: Vec<String>,
     pub(crate) constraints: Vec<PathBuf>,
     pub(crate) overrides: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    pub(crate) build_constraints: Vec<PathBuf>,
     pub(crate) isolated: bool,
     pub(crate) show_resolution: bool,
     pub(crate) python: Option<String>,
@@ -486,6 +487,7 @@ impl ToolRunSettings {
             with_requirements,
             constraints,
             overrides,
+            build_constraints,
             isolated,
             env_file,
             no_env_file,
@@ -553,6 +555,10 @@ impl ToolRunSettings {
                 .into_iter()
                 .filter_map(Maybe::into_option)
                 .collect(),
+            build_constraints: build_constraints
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter_map(Maybe::into_option)
+                .collect(),
             isolated,
             show_resolution,
             python: python.and_then(Maybe::into_option),
@@ -577,6 +583,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ToolInstallSettings {
     pub(crate) with_editable: Vec<String>,
     pub(crate) constraints: Vec<PathBuf>,
     pub(crate) overrides: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    pub(crate) build_constraints: Vec<PathBuf>,
     pub(crate) python: Option<String>,
     pub(crate) refresh: Refresh,
     pub(crate) options: ResolverInstallerOptions,
@@ -599,6 +606,7 @@ impl ToolInstallSettings {
             with_requirements,
             constraints,
             overrides,
+            build_constraints,
             installer,
             force,
             build,
@@ -644,6 +652,10 @@ impl ToolInstallSettings {
                 .into_iter()
                 .filter_map(Maybe::into_option)
                 .collect(),
+            build_constraints: build_constraints
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter_map(Maybe::into_option)
+                .collect(),
             python: python.and_then(Maybe::into_option),
             force,
             editable,
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/run.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/run.rs
index 2b8621832..0634ee59a 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/run.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/run.rs
@@ -764,6 +764,79 @@ fn run_pep723_script_overrides() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Run a PEP 723-compatible script with `tool.uv` build constraints.
+#[test]
+fn run_pep723_script_build_constraints() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.8");
+
+    let test_script = context.temp_dir.child("main.py");
+
+    // Incompatible build constraints.
+    test_script.write_str(indoc! { r#"
+        # /// script
+        # requires-python = ">=3.8"
+        # dependencies = [
+        #   "anyio>=3",
+        #   "requests==1.2"
+        # ]
+        #
+        # [tool.uv]
+        # build-constraint-dependencies = ["setuptools==1"]
+        # ///
+
+        import anyio
+       "#
+    })?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.run().arg("main.py"), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+      × Failed to download and build `requests==1.2.0`
+      ├─▶ Failed to resolve requirements from `setup.py` build
+      ├─▶ No solution found when resolving: `setuptools>=40.8.0`
+      ╰─▶ Because you require setuptools>=40.8.0 and setuptools==1, we can conclude that your requirements are unsatisfiable.
+    "###);
+
+    // Compatible build constraints.
+    test_script.write_str(indoc! { r#"
+        # /// script
+        # requires-python = ">=3.8"
+        # dependencies = [
+        #   "anyio>=3",
+        #   "requests==1.2"
+        # ]
+        #
+        # [tool.uv]
+        # build-constraint-dependencies = ["setuptools>=40"]
+        # ///
+
+        import anyio
+       "#
+    })?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.run().arg("main.py"), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 6 packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared 6 packages in [TIME]
+    Installed 6 packages in [TIME]
+     + anyio==4.3.0
+     + exceptiongroup==1.2.0
+     + idna==3.6
+     + requests==1.2.0
+     + sniffio==1.3.1
+     + typing-extensions==4.10.0
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Run a PEP 723-compatible script with a lockfile.
 #[test]
 fn run_pep723_script_lock() -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
index 3dc7454c2..f382e6d3c 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
@@ -2833,6 +2833,7 @@ fn resolve_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         with_editable: [],
         constraints: [],
         overrides: [],
+        build_constraints: [],
         python: None,
         refresh: None(
             Timestamp(
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
index 7de30d035..6a246c8bc 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/sync.rs
@@ -8399,6 +8399,106 @@ fn sync_locked_script() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn sync_script_with_compatible_build_constraints() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.8");
+
+    let test_script = context.temp_dir.child("script.py");
+
+    // Compatible build constraints.
+    test_script.write_str(indoc! { r#"
+        # /// script
+        # requires-python = ">=3.8"
+        # dependencies = [
+        #   "anyio>=3",
+        #   "requests==1.2"
+        # ]
+        #
+        # [tool.uv]
+        # build-constraint-dependencies = ["setuptools>=40"]
+        # ///
+
+        import anyio
+       "#
+    })?;
+
+    let filters = context
+        .filters()
+        .into_iter()
+        .chain(vec![(
+            r"environments-v2/script-\w+",
+            "environments-v2/script-[HASH]",
+        )])
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    uv_snapshot!(&filters, context.sync().arg("--script").arg("script.py"), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Creating script environment at: [CACHE_DIR]/environments-v2/script-[HASH]
+    Resolved 6 packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared 6 packages in [TIME]
+    Installed 6 packages in [TIME]
+     + anyio==4.3.0
+     + exceptiongroup==1.2.0
+     + idna==3.6
+     + requests==1.2.0
+     + sniffio==1.3.1
+     + typing-extensions==4.10.0
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sync_script_with_incompatible_build_constraints() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.8");
+
+    let test_script = context.temp_dir.child("script.py");
+    let filters = context
+        .filters()
+        .into_iter()
+        .chain(vec![(
+            r"environments-v2/script-\w+",
+            "environments-v2/script-[HASH]",
+        )])
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    // Incompatible build constraints.
+    test_script.write_str(indoc! { r#"
+        # /// script
+        # requires-python = ">=3.8"
+        # dependencies = [
+        #   "anyio>=3",
+        #   "requests==1.2"
+        # ]
+        #
+        # [tool.uv]
+        # build-constraint-dependencies = ["setuptools==1"]
+        # ///
+
+        import anyio
+       "#
+    })?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(&filters, context.sync().arg("--script").arg("script.py"), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Creating script environment at: [CACHE_DIR]/environments-v2/script-[HASH]
+      × Failed to download and build `requests==1.2.0`
+      ├─▶ Failed to resolve requirements from `setup.py` build
+      ├─▶ No solution found when resolving: `setuptools>=40.8.0`
+      ╰─▶ Because you require setuptools>=40.8.0 and setuptools==1, we can conclude that your requirements are unsatisfiable.
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn unsupported_git_scheme() -> Result<()> {
     let context = TestContext::new_with_versions(&["3.12"]);
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_install.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_install.rs
index fbedc46d0..5733df92d 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_install.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_install.rs
@@ -320,6 +320,117 @@ fn tool_install_with_editable() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn tool_install_with_compatible_build_constraints() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.8")
+        .with_exclude_newer("2024-05-04T00:00:00Z")
+        .with_filtered_counts()
+        .with_filtered_exe_suffix();
+    let tool_dir = context.temp_dir.child("tools");
+    let bin_dir = context.temp_dir.child("bin");
+
+    let constraints_txt = context.temp_dir.child("build_constraints.txt");
+    constraints_txt.write_str("setuptools>=40")?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.tool_install()
+        .arg("black")
+        .arg("--with")
+        .arg("requests==1.2")
+        .arg("--build-constraints")
+        .arg("build_constraints.txt")
+        .env(EnvVars::UV_TOOL_DIR, tool_dir.as_os_str())
+        .env(EnvVars::XDG_BIN_HOME, bin_dir.as_os_str())
+        .env(EnvVars::PATH, bin_dir.as_os_str()), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     + black==24.4.2
+     + click==8.1.7
+     + mypy-extensions==1.0.0
+     + packaging==24.0
+     + pathspec==0.12.1
+     + platformdirs==4.2.1
+     + requests==1.2.0
+     + tomli==2.0.1
+     + typing-extensions==4.11.0
+    Installed 2 executables: black, blackd
+    "###);
+
+    tool_dir
+        .child("black")
+        .child("uv-receipt.toml")
+        .assert(predicate::path::exists());
+
+    insta::with_settings!({
+        filters => context.filters(),
+    }, {
+        // We should have a tool receipt
+        assert_snapshot!(fs_err::read_to_string(tool_dir.join("black").join("uv-receipt.toml")).unwrap(), @r###"
+        [tool]
+        requirements = [
+            { name = "black" },
+            { name = "requests", specifier = "==1.2" },
+        ]
+        build-constraint-dependencies = [{ name = "setuptools", specifier = ">=40" }]
+        entrypoints = [
+            { name = "black", install-path = "[TEMP_DIR]/bin/black" },
+            { name = "blackd", install-path = "[TEMP_DIR]/bin/blackd" },
+        ]
+
+        [tool.options]
+        exclude-newer = "2024-05-04T00:00:00Z"
+        "###);
+    });
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn tool_install_with_incompatible_build_constraints() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.8")
+        .with_exclude_newer("2024-05-04T00:00:00Z")
+        .with_filtered_counts()
+        .with_filtered_exe_suffix();
+    let tool_dir = context.temp_dir.child("tools");
+    let bin_dir = context.temp_dir.child("bin");
+
+    let constraints_txt = context.temp_dir.child("build_constraints.txt");
+    constraints_txt.write_str("setuptools==2")?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.tool_install()
+        .arg("black")
+        .arg("--with")
+        .arg("requests==1.2")
+        .arg("--build-constraints")
+        .arg("build_constraints.txt")
+        .env(EnvVars::UV_TOOL_DIR, tool_dir.as_os_str())
+        .env(EnvVars::XDG_BIN_HOME, bin_dir.as_os_str())
+        .env(EnvVars::PATH, bin_dir.as_os_str()), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+      × Failed to download and build `requests==1.2.0`
+      ├─▶ Failed to resolve requirements from `setup.py` build
+      ├─▶ No solution found when resolving: `setuptools>=40.8.0`
+      ╰─▶ Because you require setuptools>=40.8.0 and setuptools==2, we can conclude that your requirements are unsatisfiable.
+    "###);
+
+    tool_dir
+        .child("black")
+        .child("uv-receipt.toml")
+        .assert(predicate::path::missing());
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn tool_install_suggest_other_packages_with_executable() {
     // FastAPI 0.111 is only available from this date onwards.
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_run.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_run.rs
index 2206d2444..59d28f559 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_run.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/tool_run.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use crate::common::{uv_snapshot, TestContext};
+use anyhow::Result;
 use assert_cmd::prelude::*;
 use assert_fs::prelude::*;
 use indoc::indoc;
@@ -2354,6 +2355,80 @@ fn tool_run_with_script_and_from_script() {
     ");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn tool_run_with_compatible_build_constraints() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.8")
+        .with_exclude_newer("2024-05-04T00:00:00Z")
+        .with_filtered_counts()
+        .with_filtered_exe_suffix();
+    let constraints_txt = context.temp_dir.child("build_constraints.txt");
+    constraints_txt.write_str("setuptools>=40")?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.tool_run()
+        .arg("--with")
+        .arg("requests==1.2")
+        .arg("--build-constraints")
+        .arg("build_constraints.txt")
+        .arg("pytest")
+        .arg("--version"), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    pytest 8.2.0
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Prepared [N] packages in [TIME]
+    Installed [N] packages in [TIME]
+     + exceptiongroup==1.2.1
+     + iniconfig==2.0.0
+     + packaging==24.0
+     + pluggy==1.5.0
+     + pytest==8.2.0
+     + requests==1.2.0
+     + tomli==2.0.1
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn tool_run_with_incompatible_build_constraints() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.8")
+        .with_exclude_newer("2024-05-04T00:00:00Z")
+        .with_filtered_counts()
+        .with_filtered_exe_suffix();
+    let tool_dir = context.temp_dir.child("tools");
+    let bin_dir = context.temp_dir.child("bin");
+
+    let constraints_txt = context.temp_dir.child("build_constraints.txt");
+    constraints_txt.write_str("setuptools==2")?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.tool_run()
+        .arg("--with")
+        .arg("requests==1.2")
+        .arg("--build-constraints")
+        .arg("build_constraints.txt")
+        .arg("pytest")
+        .arg("--version")
+        .env(EnvVars::UV_TOOL_DIR, tool_dir.as_os_str())
+        .env(EnvVars::XDG_BIN_HOME, bin_dir.as_os_str())
+        .env(EnvVars::PATH, bin_dir.as_os_str()), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved [N] packages in [TIME]
+      × Failed to download and build `requests==1.2.0`
+      ├─▶ Failed to resolve requirements from `setup.py` build
+      ├─▶ No solution found when resolving: `setuptools>=40.8.0`
+      ╰─▶ Because you require setuptools>=40.8.0 and setuptools==2, we can conclude that your requirements are unsatisfiable.
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Test windows runnable types, namely console scripts and legacy setuptools scripts.
 /// Console Scripts <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#console-scripts>
 /// Legacy Scripts <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/distributing-packages-using-setuptools/#scripts>.
diff --git a/docs/reference/cli.md b/docs/reference/cli.md
index d1cea19f8..7c18deb89 100644
--- a/docs/reference/cli.md
+++ b/docs/reference/cli.md
@@ -3123,6 +3123,11 @@ uv tool run [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]
 <p>WARNING: Hosts included in this list will not be verified against the system&#8217;s certificate store. Only use <code>--allow-insecure-host</code> in a secure network with verified sources, as it bypasses SSL verification and could expose you to MITM attacks.</p>
 
 <p>May also be set with the <code>UV_INSECURE_HOST</code> environment variable.</p>
+</dd><dt id="uv-tool-run--build-constraints"><a href="#uv-tool-run--build-constraints"><code>--build-constraints</code></a>, <code>--build-constraint</code>, <code>-b</code> <i>build-constraints</i></dt><dd><p>Constrain build dependencies using the given requirements files when building source distributions.</p>
+
+<p>Constraints files are <code>requirements.txt</code>-like files that only control the <em>version</em> of a requirement that&#8217;s installed. However, including a package in a constraints file will <em>not</em> trigger the installation of that package.</p>
+
+<p>May also be set with the <code>UV_BUILD_CONSTRAINT</code> environment variable.</p>
 </dd><dt id="uv-tool-run--cache-dir"><a href="#uv-tool-run--cache-dir"><code>--cache-dir</code></a> <i>cache-dir</i></dt><dd><p>Path to the cache directory.</p>
 
 <p>Defaults to <code>$XDG_CACHE_HOME/uv</code> or <code>$HOME/.cache/uv</code> on macOS and Linux, and <code>%LOCALAPPDATA%\uv\cache</code> on Windows.</p>
@@ -3468,6 +3473,11 @@ uv tool install [OPTIONS] <PACKAGE>
 <p>WARNING: Hosts included in this list will not be verified against the system&#8217;s certificate store. Only use <code>--allow-insecure-host</code> in a secure network with verified sources, as it bypasses SSL verification and could expose you to MITM attacks.</p>
 
 <p>May also be set with the <code>UV_INSECURE_HOST</code> environment variable.</p>
+</dd><dt id="uv-tool-install--build-constraints"><a href="#uv-tool-install--build-constraints"><code>--build-constraints</code></a>, <code>--build-constraint</code>, <code>-b</code> <i>build-constraints</i></dt><dd><p>Constrain build dependencies using the given requirements files when building source distributions.</p>
+
+<p>Constraints files are <code>requirements.txt</code>-like files that only control the <em>version</em> of a requirement that&#8217;s installed. However, including a package in a constraints file will <em>not</em> trigger the installation of that package.</p>
+
+<p>May also be set with the <code>UV_BUILD_CONSTRAINT</code> environment variable.</p>
 </dd><dt id="uv-tool-install--cache-dir"><a href="#uv-tool-install--cache-dir"><code>--cache-dir</code></a> <i>cache-dir</i></dt><dd><p>Path to the cache directory.</p>
 
 <p>Defaults to <code>$XDG_CACHE_HOME/uv</code> or <code>$HOME/.cache/uv</code> on macOS and Linux, and <code>%LOCALAPPDATA%\uv\cache</code> on Windows.</p>