This restores behavior previously removed in
https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/7649.
I thought it'd be clearer (and simpler) to have a consistent Python
executable name ordering. However, we've seen some cases where this can
be surprising and, in combination with #8481, can result in incorrect
behavior. For example, see https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/9046
where we prefer `python3` over `python3.12` in the same directory even
though `python3.12` was requested. While `python3` and `python3.12` both
point to valid Python 3.12 environments there, the expectation is that
when `python3.12` is requested that the `python3.12` executable is
preferred. This expectation may be less obvious if the user requests
`python@3.12`, but uv does not distinguish between these request forms.
Similarly, this may be surprising as by default uv prefers `python` over
`python3` but when requesting `python3.12` the preference will be
swapped.
Closes#7118
This only really affects managed interpreters, as we exclude alternative
Python implementations from the search path during the
`VersionRequest::executable_names` part of discovery.
There are two parts to this.
The first is a restructuring and refactoring. We had some debt around
expected executable name generation, which we address here by
consolidating into a single function that generates a combination of
names. This includes a bit of extra code around free-threaded variants
because this was written on top of #7431 — I'll rebase that on top of
this.
The second addresses some bugs around alternative implementations.
Notably, `uv python list` does not discovery executables with
alternative implementation names. Now, we properly generate all of the
executable names for `VersionRequest::Any` (originally implemented in
https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/7508) to properly show all the
implementations we can find:
```
❯ cargo run -q -- python list --no-python-downloads
cpython-3.12.6-macos-aarch64-none /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.12/bin/python3.12 -> ../Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/bin/python3.12
cpython-3.11.10-macos-aarch64-none /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.11/bin/python3.11 -> ../Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/bin/python3.11
cpython-3.9.6-macos-aarch64-none /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/bin/python3
pypy-3.10.14-macos-aarch64-none /opt/homebrew/bin/pypy3 -> ../Cellar/pypy3.10/7.3.17/bin/pypy3
```
While doing both of these changes, I ended up changing the priority of
interpreter discovery slightly. For example, given that the executables
are in the same directory, do we query `python` or `python3.10` first
when you request `--python 3.10`? Previously, we'd check `python3.10`
but I think that was an incorrect optimization. I think we should always
prefer the bare name (i.e. `python`) first. Similarly, this applies to
`python` and an executable for an alternative implementation like
`pypy`. If it's not compatible with the request, we'll skip it anyway.
We might have to query more interpreters with this approach but it seems
rare.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/7286 superseding
https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/7508
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## Summary
Currently, `uv` refuses to install anything on GraalPy. This is
currently blocking GraalPy testing with cibuildwheel, since manylinux
includes both `uv` and `graalpy` (but doesn't test with `uv`), whereas
cibuildwheel defaults to `uv`. See e.g.
https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions/runs/9956369360/job/27506182952?pr=1538
where it gives
```
+ python -m build /project/sample_proj --wheel --outdir=/tmp/cibuildwheel/built_wheel --installer=uv
* Creating isolated environment: venv+uv...
* Using external uv from /usr/local/bin/uv
* Installing packages in isolated environment:
- setuptools >= 40.8.0
> /usr/local/bin/uv pip install "setuptools >= 40.8.0"
< error: Unknown implementation: `graalpy`
```
## Test Plan
I simply based the GraalPy support on PyPy and added some small tests.
I'm open to discussing how to test this. GraalPy is available for
manylinux images and with setup-python, so we should be able to add
tests against it to the CI. I locally confirmed by installing `uv` into
a GraalPy venv and then trying things like `uv pip install Pillow` and
testing those extensions.
Whew this is a lot.
The user-facing changes are:
- `uv toolchain` to `uv python` e.g. `uv python find`, `uv python
install`, ...
- `UV_TOOLCHAIN_DIR` to` UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR`
- `<UV_STATE_DIR>/toolchains` to `<UV_STATE_DIR>/python` (with
[automatic
migration](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/4735/files#r1663029330))
- User-facing messages no longer refer to toolchains, instead using
"Python", "Python versions" or "Python installations"
The internal changes are:
- `uv-toolchain` crate to `uv-python`
- `Toolchain` no longer referenced in type names
- Dropped unused `SystemPython` type (previously replaced)
- Clarified the type names for "managed Python installations"
- (more little things)
Zanie Blue
Charlie Marsh
Tim Felgentreff
Jo