## Summary
Closes#1958
This adds linehaul metadata to uv's user-agent when pep 508 markers are
provided to the RegistryClientBuilder. Thanks to #2381, we were able to
leverage most information from markers and avoid inconsistency.
Linehaul is meant to be accompanying metadata pip sends in it's user
agent when talking to registries. You can see this output by running
something like `python -c 'from pip._internal.network.session import
user_agent; print(user_agent())'`.
In PyPI, this metadata processed by the
[linehaul-cloud-function](https://github.com/pypi/linehaul-cloud-function).
More info about linehaul can be found in #1958.
Below are some examples from pip:
* Linux GHA: `pip/24.0
{"ci":true,"cpu":"x86_64","distro":{"id":"jammy","libc":{"lib":"glibc","version":"2.35"},"name":"Ubuntu","version":"22.04"},"implementation":{"name":"CPython","version":"3.12.2"},"installer":{"name":"pip","version":"24.0"},"openssl_version":"OpenSSL
3.0.2 15 Mar
2022","python":"3.12.2","rustc_version":"1.76.0","system":{"name":"Linux","release":"6.5.0-1016-azure"}}`
* Windows GHA: `pip/24.0
{"ci":true,"cpu":"AMD64","implementation":{"name":"CPython","version":"3.12.2"},"installer":{"name":"pip","version":"24.0"},"openssl_version":"OpenSSL
3.0.13 30 Jan
2024","python":"3.12.2","rustc_version":"1.76.0","system":{"name":"Windows","release":"2022Server"}}`
* OSX GHA: `pip/24.0
{"ci":true,"cpu":"arm64","distro":{"name":"macOS","version":"14.2.1"},"implementation":{"name":"CPython","version":"3.12.2"},"installer":{"name":"pip","version":"24.0"},"openssl_version":"OpenSSL
3.0.13 30 Jan
2024","python":"3.12.2","rustc_version":"1.76.0","system":{"name":"Darwin","release":"23.2.0"}}`
Here's how uv results look like (sorry for the keys not having the same
order):
* Linux GHA: `uv/0.1.21
{"installer":{"name":"uv","version":"0.1.21"},"python":"3.12.2","implementation":{"name":"CPython","version":"3.12.2"},"distro":{"name":"Ubuntu","version":"22.04","id":"jammy","libc":null},"system":{"name":"Linux","release":"6.5.0-1016-azure"},"cpu":"x86_64","openssl_version":null,"setuptools_version":null,"rustc_version":null,"ci":true}`
* Windows GHA: `uv/0.1.21
{"installer":{"name":"uv","version":"0.1.21"},"python":"3.12.2","implementation":{"name":"CPython","version":"3.12.2"},"distro":null,"system":{"name":"Windows","release":"2022Server"},"cpu":"AMD64","openssl_version":null,"setuptools_version":null,"rustc_version":null,"ci":true}`
* OSX GHA: `uv/0.1.21
{"installer":{"name":"uv","version":"0.1.21"},"python":"3.12.2","implementation":{"name":"CPython","version":"3.12.2"},"distro":{"name":"macOS","version":"14.2.1","id":null,"libc":null},"system":{"name":"Darwin","release":"23.2.0"},"cpu":"arm64","openssl_version":null,"setuptools_version":null,"rustc_version":null,"ci":true}`
Distro information (such as the one pip uses `from pip._vendor import
distro` to retrieve instead of `platform` module) was not retrieved from
markers. Instead, the linux release codename/name/version uses
`sys-info` crate, adding about 50us of extra overhead on linux. The
distro osx version re-used the [mac_os version
implementation](99c992e38b/crates/platform-host/src/mac_os.rs)
from #2381 which adds about 20us of overhead on osx. I tried to use
other crates to avoid re-introducing `mac_os.rs` but most of them didn't
yield satisfactory performance (40ms-60ms~) or had the wrong values
needed (e.g. darwin version vs osx version).
I also didn't add libc retrieval or rustc retrieval as those seem to add
substantial overhead due to querying `ldd` or `rustc`. PyPy version
detection was also not added to avoid adding extra overhead to [support
PyPy for
linehaul](https://github.com/pypa/pip/blob/24.0/src/pip/_internal/network/session.py#L123).
All other behavior was kept 1-1 to match what pip's linehaul
implementation does (as of 24.0). This also aligns with what was
discussed in #1958.
## Test Plan
Added new integration test to uv-client.
---------
Co-authored-by: konstin <konstin@mailbox.org>
This update pulls in https://github.com/pubgrub-rs/pubgrub/pull/177,
optimizing common range operations in pubgrub. Please refer to this PR
for a more extensive description and discussion of the changes.
The changes optimize that last remaining pathological case,
`bio_embeddings[all]` on python 3.12, which has to try 100k versions,
from 12s to 3s in the cached case. It should also enable smarter
prefetching in batches (https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/170),
even though a naive attempt didn't show better network usage.
**before** 12s
**after** 3s
```
$ taskset -c 0 hyperfine --warmup 1 "../uv/target/profiling/main-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in" "../uv/target/profiling/branch-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in"
Benchmark 1: ../uv/target/profiling/main-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in
Time (mean ± σ): 12.321 s ± 0.064 s [User: 12.014 s, System: 0.300 s]
Range (min … max): 12.224 s … 12.406 s 10 runs
Benchmark 2: ../uv/target/profiling/branch-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in
Time (mean ± σ): 3.109 s ± 0.004 s [User: 2.782 s, System: 0.321 s]
Range (min … max): 3.103 s … 3.116 s 10 runs
Summary
../uv/target/profiling/branch-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in ran
3.96 ± 0.02 times faster than ../uv/target/profiling/main-uv pip compile ../uv/scripts/requirements/bio_embeddings.in
```
It also adds `bio_embeddings[all]` as a requirements test case.
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## Summary
<!-- What's the purpose of the change? What does it do, and why? -->
Adds basic keyring auth support for `uv` commands. Adds clone of `pip`'s
`--keyring-provider subprocess` argument (using CLI `keyring` tool).
See issue: https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1520
## Test Plan
<!-- How was it tested? -->
Hard to write full-suite unit tests due to reliance on
`process::Command` for `keyring` cli
Manually tested end-to-end in a project with GCP artifact registry using
keyring password:
```bash
➜ uv pip uninstall watchdog
Uninstalled 1 package in 46ms
- watchdog==4.0.0
➜ cargo run -- pip install --index-url https://<redacted>/python/simple/ --extra-index-url https://<redacted>/pypi-mirror/simple/ watchdog
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.18s
Running `target/debug/uv pip install --index-url 'https://<redacted>/python/simple/' --extra-index-url 'https://<redacted>/pypi-mirror/simple/' watchdog`
error: HTTP status client error (401 Unauthorized) for url (https://<redacted>/pypi-mirror/simple/watchdog/)
➜ cargo run -- pip install --keyring-provider subprocess --index-url https://<redacted>/python/simple/ --extra-index-url https://<redacted>/pypi-mirror/simple/ watchdog
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.17s
Running `target/debug/uv pip install --keyring-provider subprocess --index-url 'https://<redacted>/python/simple/' --extra-index-url 'https://<redacted>/pypi-mirror/simple/' watchdog`
Resolved 1 package in 2.34s
Installed 1 package in 27ms
+ watchdog==4.0.0
```
`requirements.txt`
```
#
# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.10
# by the following command:
#
# .bin/generate-requirements
#
--index-url https://<redacted>/python/simple/
--extra-index-url https://<redacted>/pypi-mirror/simple/
...
```
```bash
➜ cargo run -- pip install --keyring-provider subprocess -r requirements.txt
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.19s
Running `target/debug/uv pip install --keyring-provider subprocess -r requirements.txt`
Resolved 205 packages in 23.52s
Built <redacted>
...
Downloaded 47 packages in 19.32s
Installed 195 packages in 276ms
+ <redacted>
...
```
---------
Co-authored-by: Thomas Gilgenast <thomas@vant.ai>
Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>
## Summary
This may be required elsewhere, but all the traces in that issue are
related to persisting the temporary directory to our persistent cache,
so lets start there.
See: https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1491.
The architecture of uv does not necessarily match that of the python
interpreter (#2326). In cross compiling/testing scenarios the operating
system can also mismatch. To solve this, we move arch and os detection
to python, vendoring the relevant pypa/packaging code, preventing
mismatches between what the python interpreter was compiled for and what
uv was compiled for.
To make the scripts more manageable, they are now a directory in a
tempdir and we run them with `python -m` . I've simplified the
pypa/packaging code since we're still building the tags in rust. A
`Platform` is now instantiated by querying the python interpreter for
its platform. The pypa/packaging files are copied verbatim for easier
updates except a `lru_cache()` python 3.7 backport.
Error handling is done by a `"result": "success|error"` field that allow
passing error details to rust:
```console
$ uv venv --no-cache
× Can't use Python at `/home/konsti/projects/uv/.venv/bin/python3`
╰─▶ Unknown operation system `linux`
```
I've used the [maturin sysconfig
collection](855f6d2cb1/sysconfig)
as reference. I'm unsure how to test these changes across the wide
variety of platforms.
Fixes#2326
## Summary
It turns out that on macOS, reading the native certificates can add
hundreds of milliseconds to client initialization. This PR makes
`--native-tls` a command-line flag, to toggle (at runtime) the choice of
the `webpki` roots or the native system roots.
You can't accomplish this kind of configuration with the `reqwest`
builder API, so instead, I pulled out the heart of that logic from the
crate
(e319263851/src/async_impl/client.rs (L498)),
and modified it to allow toggling a choice of root.
Note that there's an open PR for this in reqwest
(https://github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/pull/1848), along with an issue
(https://github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/issues/1843), which I may ping,
but it's been around for a while and I believe reqwest is focused on its
next major release.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/2346.
Bumps [walkdir](https://github.com/BurntSushi/walkdir) from 2.4.0 to
2.5.0.
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a
href="4f26be4d45"><code>4f26be4</code></a>
2.5.0</li>
<li><a
href="3be5734033"><code>3be5734</code></a>
api: implement <code>FusedIterator</code></li>
<li><a
href="b0d16b759a"><code>b0d16b7</code></a>
ci: fix it</li>
<li>See full diff in <a
href="https://github.com/BurntSushi/walkdir/compare/2.4.0...2.5.0">compare
view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
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## Summary
The netrc middleware we added in
https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/2241 has a slight problem. If you
include credentials in your index URL, _and_ in the netrc file, the
crate blindly adds the netrc credentials as a header. And given the
`ReqwestBuilder` API, this means you end up with _two_ `Authorization`
headers, which always leads to an invalid request, though the exact
failure can take different forms.
This PR removes the middleware crate in favor of our own middleware.
Instead of using the `RequestInitialiser` API, we have to use the
`Middleware` API, so that we can remove the header on the request
itself.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/2323.
## Test Plan
- Verified that running against a private index with credentials in the
URL (but no netrc file) worked without error.
- Verified that running against a private index with credentials in the
netrc file (but not the URL) worked without error.
- Verified that running against a private index with a mix of
credentials in both _also_ worked without error.
This PR tweaks uv to support reading `requirements.txt` regardless of
whether it is encoded as UTF-8 or UTF-16. This is particularly relevant
on Windows where `uv pip freeze > requirements.txt` will likely write a
UTF-16 encoded `requirements.txt` file.
There is some discussion on #1666 where it's suggested that perhaps
we should explicitly not support this. I didn't see that until I
had already put this PR together, but even so, I think it's worth
considering this. UTF-16 is predominant on Windows. It is very easy
to produce a UTF-16 encoded file. Moreover, there is an easy and well
specified way to recognize and transcode UTF-16 encoded data to UTF-8.
I think the downside of this is that it could encourage the use UTF-16
encoded `requirements.txt` files *in addition* to UTF-8 encoded
files, and it would probably be nice to converge and standardize on
one encoding. One possible alternative to this PR is that we provide
a better error message. Another alternative is to ensure that a
`-o/--output` flag exists for all commands (neither `uv pip freeze` nor
`pip freeze` have such a flag) so that users can always write output
to a file without relying on their environment's piping behavior.
(Although this last alternative seems a little sad to me.)
It's also worth noting the [PEP-0508] doesn't seem to mention file
encoding at all. So I think from a "do the standards allow this"
perspective, this change is OK.
Finally, `pip` itself seems to work with UTF-16 encoded
`requirements.txt` files.
I think I personally overall lean towards supporting UTF-16 for
`requirements.txt` files. In part because I think it smoothes out the
UX a little bit, in part because there is no obvious specification
(that I'm aware of) that mandates that these files are UTF-8, and
finally in part because `pip` supports it too.
Fixes#1666, Fixes#2276
[PEP-0508]: https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/
## Summary
This PR enables use of the Windows Store Pythons even with `py` is not
installed. Specifically, we need to ensure that the `python.exe` and
`python3.exe` executables installed into the
`C:\Users\crmar\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApp` directory _are_ used
when they're not "App execution aliases" (which merely open the Windows
Store, to help you install Python).
When `py` is installed, this isn't strictly necessary, since the
"resolved" executables are discovered via `py`. These look like
`C:\Users\crmar\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbs5n2kfra8p0\python.exe`.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/2264.
## Test Plan
- Removed all Python installations from my Windows machine.
- Uninstalled `py`.
- Enabled "App execution aliases".
- Verified that for both `cargo run venv --python python.exe` and `cargo
run venv --python python3.exe`, `uv` exited with a failure that no
Python could be found.
- Installed Python 3.10 via the Windows Store.
- Verified that the above commands succeeded without error.
- Verified that `cargo run venv --python python3.10.exe` _also_
succeeded.
## Summary
Add netrc support to the uv-client.
closes#1405
## Test Plan
I've added a corresponding test case to validate the correct header.
Furthermore a tested it against a real world private repository.
## Summary
Allow using http(s) urls for constraints and requirements files handed
to the CLI, by handling paths starting with `http://` or `https://`
differently. This allows commands for such as: `uv pip install -c
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-2.8.1/constraints-3.8.txt
requests`.
closes#1332
## Test Plan
Testing install using a `constraints.txt` file hosted on github in the
airflow repository:
fbdc2eba8e/crates/uv/tests/pip_install.rs (L1440-L1484)
## Advice Needed
- filesystem/http dispatch is implemented at a relatively low level (at
`crates/uv-fs/src/lib.rs#read_to_string`). Should I change some naming
here so it is obvious that the function is able to dispatch?
- I kept the CLI argument for -c and -r as a PathBuf, even though now it
is technically either a path or a url. We could either keep this as is
for now, or implement a new enum for this case? The enum could then
handle dispatch to files/http.
- Using another abstraction layer like
https://docs.rs/object_store/latest/object_store/ for the
files/urls/[s3] could work as well, though I ran into a bug during
testing which I couldn't debug
Add a `--compile` option to `pip install` and `pip sync`.
I chose to implement this as a separate pass over the entire venv. If we
wanted to compile during installation, we'd have to make sure that
writing is exclusive, to avoid concurrent processes writing broken
`.pyc` files. Additionally, this ensures that the entire site-packages
are bytecode compiled, even if there are packages that aren't from this
`uv` invocation. The disadvantage is that we do not update RECORD and
rely on this comment from [PEP 491](https://peps.python.org/pep-0491/):
> Uninstallers should be smart enough to remove .pyc even if it is not
mentioned in RECORD.
If this is a problem we can change it to run during installation and
write RECORD entries.
Internally, this is implemented as an async work-stealing subprocess
worker pool. The producer is a directory traversal over site-packages,
sending each `.py` file to a bounded async FIFO queue/channel. Each
worker has a long-running python process. It pops the queue to get a
single path (or exists if the channel is closed), then sends it to
stdin, waits until it's informed that the compilation is done through a
line on stdout, and repeat. This is fast, e.g. installing `jupyter
plotly` on Python 3.12 it processes 15876 files in 319ms with 32 threads
(vs. 3.8s with a single core). The python processes internally calls
`compileall.compile_file`, the same as pip.
Like pip, we ignore and silence all compilation errors
(https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1559). There is a 10s timeout to
handle the case when the workers got stuck. For the reviewers, please
check if i missed any spots where we could deadlock, this is the hardest
part of this PR.
I've added `uv-dev compile <dir>` and `uv-dev clear-compile <dir>`
commands, mainly for my own benchmarking. I don't want to expose them in
`uv`, they almost certainly not the correct workflow and we don't want
to support them.
Fixes#1788Closes#1559Closes#1928
## Summary
I think Camino is nice but it makes it much harder to work in
`uv-virtualenv`, since it's the _only_ crate that uses it. If we want to
use Camino, we should use it everywhere IMO.
## Summary
This PR adds a `--python` flag that allows users to provide a specific
Python interpreter into which `uv` should install packages. This would
replace the `VIRTUAL_ENV=` workaround that folks have been using to
install into arbitrary, system environments, while _also_ actually being
correct for installing into non-virtual environments, where the bin and
site-packages paths can differ.
The approach taken here is to use `sysconfig.get_paths()` to get the
correct paths from the interpreter, and then use those for determining
the `bin` and `site-packages` directories, rather than constructing them
based on hard-coded expectations for each platform.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1396.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1779.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1988.
## Test Plan
- Verified that, on my Windows machine, I was able to install `requests`
into a global environment with: `cargo run pip install requests --python
'C:\\Users\\crmarsh\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python3.12\\python.exe`,
then `python` and `import requests`.
- Verified that, on macOS, I was able to install `requests` into a
global environment installed via Homebrew with: `cargo run pip install
requests --python $(which python3.8)`.
## Summary
When a `pyproject.toml` is provided directly to `uv pip compile`, we
were failing to resolve recursive extras. The solution I settled on here
is to flatten them recursively when determining the requirements
upfront.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1987.
## Test Plan
`cargo test`
## Summary
Closes#1943
Makes sure `build-binaries` and `publish-pypi` workflows are compatible
with `actions/{download,upload}-artifact@v4`. In nature, this PR is very
similar to the changes in https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/10105.
This PR also updates cargo-dist.
## Test Plan
I ran a small non-dry-run [smoke
test](https://github.com/samypr100/uv/actions/runs/8027864059) on my own
fork CI with only linux builds (for speed) and those jobs seem to work
at a glance.
## Summary
This revives a PR from long ago
(https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/383 and
https://github.com/zanieb/pubgrub/pull/24) that modifies how we deal
with dependencies that are declared multiple times within a single
package.
To quote from the originating PR:
> Uses an experimental pubgrub branch (#370) that allows us to handle
multiple version ranges for a single dependency to the solver which
results in better error messages because the derivation tree contains
all of the relevant versions. Previously, the version ranges were merged
(by us) in the resolver before handing them to pubgrub since only one
range could be provided per package. Since we don't merge the versions
anymore, we no longer give the solver an empty range for conflicting
requirements; instead the solver comes to that conclusion from the
provided versions. You can see the improved error message for direct
dependencies in [this
snapshot](https://github.com/astral-sh/puffin/pull/383/files#diff-a0437f2c20cde5e2f15199a3bf81a102b92580063268417847ec9c793a115bd0).
The main issue with that PR was around its handling of URL dependencies,
so this PR _also_ refactors how we handle those. Previously, we stored
URL dependencies on `PubGrubPackage`, but they were omitted from the
hash and equality implementations of `PubGrubPackage`. This led to some
really careful codepaths wherein we had to ensure that we always visited
URLs before non-URL packages, so that the URL-inclusive versions were
included in any hashmaps, etc. I considered preserving this approach,
but it would require us to rely on lots of internal details of PubGrub
(since we'd now be relying on PubGrub to merge those packages in the
"right" order).
So, instead, we now _always_ set the URL on a given package, whenever
that package was _given_ a URL upfront. I think this is easier to reason
about: if the user provided a URL for `flask`, then we should just
always add the URL for `flask`. If we see some other URL for `flask`, we
error, like before. If we see some unknown URL for `flask`, we error,
like before.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1522.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1821.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1615.
## Summary
We currently maintain separate untar methods for sync and async, but we
only use the sync version when the user provides a local source
distribution. (Otherwise, we untar as we download the distribution.) In
my testing, this is actually slower anyway:
```
❯ python -m scripts.bench \
--uv-path ./target/release/main \
--uv-path ./target/release/uv \
./requirements.in --benchmark resolve-cold --min-runs 50
Benchmark 1: ./target/release/main (resolve-cold)
Time (mean ± σ): 835.2 ms ± 107.4 ms [User: 346.0 ms, System: 151.3 ms]
Range (min … max): 639.2 ms … 1051.0 ms 50 runs
Benchmark 2: ./target/release/uv (resolve-cold)
Time (mean ± σ): 750.7 ms ± 91.9 ms [User: 345.7 ms, System: 149.4 ms]
Range (min … max): 637.9 ms … 905.7 ms 50 runs
Summary
'./target/release/uv (resolve-cold)' ran
1.11 ± 0.20 times faster than './target/release/main (resolve-cold)'
```
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## Summary
Adds cli command / flag (`generate-shell-completion <SHELL>` /
`--generate-shell-completion <SHELL>`) to generate the completion script
for the given shell. Implemented in exactly the same way as it is done
in ruff
(https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates/ruff/src/lib.rs#L197)
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1654
## Test Plan
I've normally tested the generated script manually only for bash shell
on Ubuntu 22.04.3
```bash
$ uv --generate-shell-completion bash > /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/uv
$ uv # <TAB>
-q -h --verbose --no-cache --version clean
-v -V --no-color --cache-dir pip generate-shell-completion
-n --quiet --color --help venv help
$ uv pip # <TAB>
-q -n -V --verbose --color --cache-dir --version sync uninstall help
-v -h --quiet --no-color --no-cache --help compile install freeze
```
First, replace all usages in files in-place. I used my editor for this.
If someone wants to add a one-liner that'd be fun.
Then, update directory and file names:
```
# Run twice for nested directories
find . -type d -print0 | xargs -0 rename s/puffin/uv/g
find . -type d -print0 | xargs -0 rename s/puffin/uv/g
# Update files
find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rename s/puffin/uv/g
```
Then add all the files again
```
# Add all the files again
git add crates
git add python/uv
# This one needs a force-add
git add -f crates/uv-trampoline
```
That is, a `PrioritizedDistribution` for a specific version of a
package is not actually materialized in memory until a corresponding
`VersionMap::get` call is made for that version. Similarly, iteration
lazily materializes distributions as it moves through the map. It
specifically does not materialize everything first.
The main reason why this is effective is that an
`OwnedArchive<SimpleMetadata>` represents a zero-copy (other than
reading the source file) version of `SimpleMetadata` that is really just
a `Vec<u8>` internally. The problem with `VersionMap` construction
previously is that it had to eagerly materialize a `SimpleMetadata` in
memory before anything else, which defeats a large part of the purpose
of zero-copy deserialization. By making more of `VersionMap`
construction itself lazy, we permit doing some parts of resolution
without necessarily fully deserializing a `SimpleMetadata` into memory.
Indeed, with this commit, in the warm cached case, a `SimpleMetadata` is
itself never materialized fully in memory.
This does not completely and totally fully realize the benefits of
zero-copy deserialization. For example, we are likely still building
lots of distributions in memory that we don't actually need in some
cases. Perhaps in cases where no resolution exists, or when one needs to
iterate over large portions of the total versions published for a
package.
## Summary
This PR adds an `--offline` flag to Puffin that disables network
requests (implemented as a Reqwest middleware on our registry client).
When `--offline` is provided, we also allow the HTTP cache to return
stale data.
Closes#942.
