diff --git a/common/goos/Interpreter.cpp b/common/goos/Interpreter.cpp
index 4d3bb0e2f4..e2c941085e 100644
--- a/common/goos/Interpreter.cpp
+++ b/common/goos/Interpreter.cpp
@@ -484,6 +484,12 @@ Object Interpreter::eval_symbol(const Object& sym, const std::shared_ptr<Environ
   return result;
 }
 
+bool Interpreter::eval_symbol(const Object& sym,
+                              const std::shared_ptr<EnvironmentObject>& env,
+                              Object* result) {
+  return try_symbol_lookup(sym, env, result);
+}
+
 /*!
  * Evaluate a pair, either as special form, builtin form, macro application, or lambda application.
  */
diff --git a/common/goos/Interpreter.h b/common/goos/Interpreter.h
index 2d19b4e25e..9aa98d17a2 100644
--- a/common/goos/Interpreter.h
+++ b/common/goos/Interpreter.h
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ class Interpreter {
   Object intern(const std::string& name);
   void disable_printfs();
   Object eval_symbol(const Object& sym, const std::shared_ptr<EnvironmentObject>& env);
+  bool eval_symbol(const Object& sym,
+                   const std::shared_ptr<EnvironmentObject>& env,
+                   Object* result);
   Arguments get_args(const Object& form, const Object& rest, const ArgumentSpec& spec);
   void set_args_in_env(const Object& form,
                        const Arguments& args,
diff --git a/common/goos/Object.cpp b/common/goos/Object.cpp
index 9700e28349..1c6bb05bac 100644
--- a/common/goos/Object.cpp
+++ b/common/goos/Object.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
 #include "Object.h"
 #include "common/util/FileUtil.h"
+#include "third-party/fmt/core.h"
 
 namespace goos {
 
@@ -90,6 +91,18 @@ std::string fixed_to_string(FloatType x) {
   return {buff};
 }
 
+/*!
+ * Special case to print an integer
+ */
+template <>
+std::string fixed_to_string(IntType x) {
+  if (x > 10000) {
+    return fmt::format("#x{:x}", x);
+  } else {
+    return fmt::format("{}", x);
+  }
+}
+
 /*!
  * Special case to print a character and escape the weird ones.
  */
diff --git a/common/goos/Object.h b/common/goos/Object.h
index 5b00c1850f..3aba2221e4 100644
--- a/common/goos/Object.h
+++ b/common/goos/Object.h
@@ -104,6 +104,12 @@ std::string fixed_to_string<FloatType>(FloatType);
 template <>
 std::string fixed_to_string<char>(char);
 
+/*!
+ * Special case to print integer
+ */
+template <>
+std::string fixed_to_string<IntType>(IntType);
+
 /*!
  * Common implementation for a fixed object
  */
diff --git a/common/type_system/TypeSystem.cpp b/common/type_system/TypeSystem.cpp
index be78c10215..a54a26af66 100644
--- a/common/type_system/TypeSystem.cpp
+++ b/common/type_system/TypeSystem.cpp
@@ -779,9 +779,10 @@ void TypeSystem::add_builtin_types() {
 
   // VU FUNCTION
   // don't inherit
-  add_field_to_type(vu_function_type, "length", make_typespec("int32"));    // todo integer type
-  add_field_to_type(vu_function_type, "origin", make_typespec("pointer"));  // todo sign extend?
-  add_field_to_type(vu_function_type, "qlength", make_typespec("int32"));   // todo integer type
+  add_field_to_type(vu_function_type, "length", make_typespec("int32"));   // todo integer type
+  add_field_to_type(vu_function_type, "origin", make_typespec("int32"));   // todo sign extend?
+  add_field_to_type(vu_function_type, "qlength", make_typespec("int32"));  // todo integer type
+  add_field_to_type(vu_function_type, "data", make_typespec("uint8"), false, true);
 
   // link block
   builtin_structure_inherit(link_block_type);
diff --git a/decompiler/IR2/AtomicOp.cpp b/decompiler/IR2/AtomicOp.cpp
index 953c78e2f9..fb1a2d9c35 100644
--- a/decompiler/IR2/AtomicOp.cpp
+++ b/decompiler/IR2/AtomicOp.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ goos::Object SimpleAtom::to_form(const std::vector<DecompilerLabel>& labels, con
     case Kind::VARIABLE:
       return m_variable.to_form(env);
     case Kind::INTEGER_CONSTANT:
-      return pretty_print::to_symbol(std::to_string(m_int));
+      return goos::Object::make_integer(m_int);
     case Kind::SYMBOL_PTR:
       return pretty_print::to_symbol(fmt::format("'{}", m_string));
     case Kind::SYMBOL_VAL:
diff --git a/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp b/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp
index a671a88f2b..4128ece7dd 100644
--- a/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp
+++ b/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp
@@ -1335,13 +1335,6 @@ void FunctionCallElement::update_from_stack(const Env& env,
           //          throw std::runtime_error("Failed to match new method: " +
           //          temp_form->to_string(env));
         }
-      } else {
-        auto ti = env.dts->ts.lookup_type(type_1);
-        auto is_basic = dynamic_cast<BasicType*>(ti);
-        if (!is_basic) {
-          throw std::runtime_error(
-              fmt::format("Method call detected, not yet implemented {} {}\n", name, type_1));
-        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1815,6 +1808,15 @@ FormElement* ConditionElement::make_generic(const Env&,
                                                 casted);
     }
 
+    case IR2_Condition::Kind::GREATER_THAN_ZERO_UNSIGNED: {
+      auto casted = make_cast(source_forms, types, TypeSpec("uint"), pool);
+      auto zero = pool.alloc_single_element_form<SimpleAtomElement>(
+          nullptr, SimpleAtom::make_int_constant(0));
+      casted.push_back(zero);
+      return pool.alloc_element<GenericElement>(GenericOperator::make_fixed(FixedOperatorKind::GT),
+                                                casted);
+    }
+
     case IR2_Condition::Kind::GREATER_THAN_ZERO_SIGNED: {
       auto casted = make_cast(source_forms, types, TypeSpec("int"), pool);
       auto zero = pool.alloc_single_element_form<SimpleAtomElement>(
@@ -1984,7 +1986,8 @@ void AtomicOpElement::push_to_stack(const Env& env, FormPool&, FormStack& stack)
   auto as_special = dynamic_cast<const SpecialOp*>(m_op);
   if (as_special) {
     if (as_special->kind() == SpecialOp::Kind::NOP ||
-        as_special->kind() == SpecialOp::Kind::BREAK) {
+        as_special->kind() == SpecialOp::Kind::BREAK ||
+        as_special->kind() == SpecialOp::Kind::CRASH) {
       stack.push_form_element(this, true);
       return;
     }
diff --git a/decompiler/config/all-types.gc b/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
index c336c8cd1d..a1d78f3083 100644
--- a/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
+++ b/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@
 (define-extern file-stream-length (function file-stream int))
 (define-extern file-stream-read (function file-stream pointer int int))
 
+(define-extern dma-sync (function pointer int int int))
+(define-extern flush-cache (function int none))
+
 ;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;; GCOMMON             ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -1567,14 +1570,20 @@
 ;;(define-extern sound-id object) ;; unknown type
 (deftype sound-id (uint32)
   ()
+  (:methods
+   (dummy-9 () none 9)
+   )
+  :flag-assert #xa00000004
   )
 
 (deftype sound-bank-id (uint32)
   ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
   )
 
 (deftype sound-name (uint128)
   ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000010
   )
 ;;(define-extern sound-play-parms object) ;; unknown type
 ;;(define-extern sound-rpc-load-bank object) ;; unknown type
@@ -2022,33 +2031,51 @@
 (define-extern stopwatch-elapsed-ticks (function stopwatch uint))
 (define-extern stopwatch-elapsed-seconds (function stopwatch float))
 
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; vif-h
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;; VIF-H               ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
 
 ; ;; vif-h
 (deftype vif-stat (uint32)
-  ()
+  ((vps uint8 :offset 0 :size 2)
+   (vew uint8 :offset 2 :size 1)
+   (mrk uint8 :offset 6 :size 1)
+   (vss uint8 :offset 8 :size 1)
+   (vfs uint8 :offset 9 :size 1)
+   (vis uint8 :offset 10 :size 1)
+   (int uint8 :offset 11 :size 1)
+   (er0 uint8 :offset 12 :size 1)
+   (er1 uint8 :offset 13 :size 1)
+   (fqc uint8 :offset 24 :size 4)
+   )
+   
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x4
   :flag-assert         #x900000004
-  ;; likely a bitfield type
   )
 
 (deftype vif-fbrst (uint32)
-  ()
+  ((rst uint8 :offset 0 :size 1)
+   (fbk uint8 :offset 1 :size 1)
+   (stp uint8 :offset 2 :size 1)
+   (stc uint8 :offset 3 :size 1)
+   )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x4
   :flag-assert         #x900000004
-  ;; likely a bitfield type
   )
 
+
 (deftype vif-err (uint32)
-  ()
+  ((mii uint8 :offset 0 :size 1)
+   (me0 uint8 :offset 1 :size 1) ;; PS2 hardware bug, must set this to 1 for correct operation.
+   (me1 uint8 :offset 2 :size 1)
+   )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x4
   :flag-assert         #x900000004
-  ;; likely a bitfield type
   )
 
 ;; vif-h
@@ -2081,13 +2108,31 @@
   :size-assert         #x174
   :flag-assert         #x900000174
   )
+
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;; DMA-H               ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+
+(deftype dma-sqwc (uint32)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
+  )
+
 ; ;; dma-h
 (deftype dma-chcr (uint32)
-  ()
+  ((dir uint8 :offset 0 :size 1) ;; 1 - from memory
+   (mod uint8 :offset 2 :size 2) ;; normal, chain, interleave
+   (asp uint8 :offset 4 :size 2) ;; none, 1, 2
+   (tte uint8 :offset 6 :size 1) ;; transfer tag (sc only)
+   (tie uint8 :offset 7 :size 1) ;; tag interrupt
+   (str uint8 :offset 8 :size 1) ;; start!
+   (tag uint16 :offset 16)
+   )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x4
   :flag-assert         #x900000004
-  ;; likely a bitfield type
   )
 
 (deftype dma-ctrl (uint32)
@@ -2099,7 +2144,7 @@
   )
 
 (deftype dma-bank (structure)
-  ((chcr uint32  :offset 0)
+  ((chcr dma-chcr  :offset 0)
    (madr uint32  :offset 16)
    (qwc  uint32  :offset 32)
    )
@@ -2134,10 +2179,10 @@
   )
 
 (deftype dma-bank-control (structure)
-  ((ctrl    uint32  :offset 0)
+  ((ctrl    dma-ctrl  :offset 0)
    (stat    uint32  :offset 16)
    (pcr     uint32  :offset 32)
-   (sqwc    uint32  :offset 48)
+   (sqwc    dma-sqwc  :offset 48)
    (rbsr    uint32  :offset 64)
    (rbor    uint32  :offset 80)
    (stadr   uint32  :offset 96)
@@ -2162,33 +2207,74 @@
 
 ; ;; dma-h
 (deftype dma-tag (uint64)
-  ()
+  ((qwc uint16 :offset 0)          ;; quadword count
+   (pce uint8 :offset 26 :size 2)  ;; priority (source mode)
+   (id uint8 :offset 28 :size 3)   ;; ID (what the tag means)
+   (irq uint8 :offset 31 :size 1)  ;; interrupt at the end?
+   (addr uint32 :offset 32 :size 31) ;; address (31 bits)
+   (spr uint8 :offset 63 :size 1)    ;; spr or not flag.
+   )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x8
   :flag-assert         #x900000008
-  ;; likely a bitfield type
   )
 
-
 ; ;; dma-h
 (deftype dma-bucket (structure)
-  ((tag   uint64  :offset-assert 0)
-   (last  uint32  :offset-assert 8)
-   (dummy uint32  :offset-assert 12)
-   (next  uint32  :offset 4)
+  ((tag   dma-tag  :offset-assert 0)     ;; the DMA tag to transfer the bucket's data
+   (last  (pointer uint64)  :offset-assert 8)  ;; the last tag of this bucket.
+   (dummy uint32  :offset-assert 12)     ;; empty space.
+   (next  uint32  :offset 4)             ;; this overlaps with the addr bit-field of the dma-tag
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x10
   :flag-assert         #x900000010
   )
-; ;; dma-h
-; (deftype vif-tag (uint32)
-;   ()
-;   :method-count-assert 9
-;   :size-assert         #x4
-;   :flag-assert         #x900000004
-;   ;; likely a bitfield type
-;   )
+
+;; dma-h
+
+(deftype vif-tag (uint32)
+  ((imm uint16 :offset 0 :size 16)
+   (num uint8 :offset 16 :size 8)
+   (cmd uint8 :offset 24 :size 8)
+   (irq uint8 :offset 31 :size 1) ;;?
+   (msk uint8 :offset 15 :size 1)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+(deftype dma-enable (uint32)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
+  )
+
+
+(deftype vu-stat (uint64)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000008
+  )
+
+(deftype vif-mask (uint32)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
+  )
+
+(deftype vif-stcycl-imm (uint16)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000002
+  )
+
+(deftype vif-unpack-imm (uint16)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000002
+  )
+
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;; VIDEO-H             ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
 
 ; ;; video-h
 (deftype video-parms (structure)
@@ -2214,6 +2300,12 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000048
   )
 
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;; VU1-USER-H          ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+
 ;; vu1-user-h
 (deftype dma-foreground-sink (basic)
   ((bucket                   int32  :offset-assert 4)
@@ -2244,25 +2336,118 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000014
   )
 
+(deftype dma-foreground-sink (basic)
+  ((bucket                   int32  :offset-assert 4) ;; not sure if this is a bucket index or pointer?
+   (foreground-texture-page  int8   :offset-assert 8)  ;; ?
+   (foreground-texture-level int8   :offset-assert 9)  ;; ?
+   (foreground-output-bucket int8   :offset-assert 10) ;; ?
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #xb
+  :flag-assert         #x90000000b
+  )
+
 (deftype dma-foreground-sink-group (basic)
-  ((sink         basic 3 :offset-assert 4)
-   (merc-sink    basic     :offset 4)
-   (generic-sink basic     :offset 8)
-   (level        basic     :offset 16)
+  ((sink         dma-foreground-sink       3 :offset-assert 4)
+   (merc-sink    dma-foreground-sink         :offset 4)
+   (generic-sink generic-dma-foreground-sink :offset 8)
+   (level        basic                       :offset-assert 16)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x14
   :flag-assert         #x900000014
   )
 
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; dma-buffer
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;; DMA                 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+
+(define-extern reset-path (function none))
+(define-extern reset-graph (function int int int int none))
+
+(define-extern dma-sync-crash (function dma-bank none))
+(define-extern dma-send (function dma-bank uint uint none))
+(define-extern dma-send-chain (function dma-bank-source uint none))
+(define-extern dma-send-chain-no-tte (function dma-bank-source uint none))
+(define-extern dma-send-chain-no-flush (function dma-bank-source uint none))
+(define-extern dma-send-to-spr (function uint uint uint symbol none))
+(define-extern dma-send-to-spr-no-flush (function uint uint uint symbol none))
+(define-extern dma-send-from-spr (function uint uint uint symbol none))
+(define-extern dma-send-from-spr-no-flush (function uint uint uint symbol none))
+(define-extern dma-initialize (function none))
+(define-extern clear-vu0-mem (function none))
+(define-extern clear-vu1-mem (function none))
+(define-extern dump-vu1-mem (function none))
+(define-extern dump-vu1-range (function uint uint symbol))
+(define-extern reset-vif1-path (function none))
+(define-extern ultimate-memcpy (function pointer pointer uint none))
+
+;
+;;(define-extern vif-stat object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern vif-fbrst object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern vif-err object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern vif-bank object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern dma-count-until-done (function dma-bank (pointer int32) int))
+;;(define-extern vif-tag object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern dma-send-no-scratch (function dma-bank uint32 uint32 none))
+;;(define-extern dma-tag object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-chcr object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-bank-spr object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-bucket object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern dma-sync-with-count (function dma-bank (pointer int32) int))
+;;(define-extern vu-code-block object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern dma-sync-fast (function dma-bank none))
+;;(define-extern vif-mask object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-bank-control object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern vif-unpack-imm object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-ctrl object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-enable object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern vu-stat object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-bank-source object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-bank-vif object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-sqwc object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern vif-stcycl-imm object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-bank object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern flush-cache object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern *video-parms* object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern video-parms object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern generic-bucket-state object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern *vu1-enable-user-menu* object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern dma-foreground-sink type)
+(define-extern dma-foreground-sink-group type)
+;;(define-extern *vu1-enable-user* object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern generic-dma-foreground-sink type)
+
+
+(define-extern symlink3 (function none))
+
+
+
+
+(define-extern dma-sync-hang (function dma-bank none))
+(define-extern symlink2 (function none))
+
+
+
+(define-extern dma-send (function dma-bank uint uint none))
+
+(define-extern *video-reset-parm* int)
+
+
+
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;; DMA-BUFFER          ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
 
 (deftype dma-packet (structure)
-  ((dma  uint64   :offset-assert 0)
-   (vif0 uint32   :offset-assert 8)
-   (vif1 uint32   :offset-assert 12)
+  ((dma  dma-tag   :offset-assert 0)
+   (vif0 vif-tag   :offset-assert 8)
+   (vif1 vif-tag   :offset-assert 12) ;; doesn't have to be a vif tag.
    (quad uint128  :offset 0)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -2289,32 +2474,64 @@
 
 (deftype dma-buffer (basic)
   ((allocated-length int32     :offset-assert 4)
-   (base             uint32    :offset-assert 8)
+   (base             pointer   :offset-assert 8)
    (end              uint32    :offset-assert 12)
-   (data             uint64 1 :offset-assert 16) ;; hmmm, seems wrong
+   (data             uint64 1 :offset-assert 16) ;; weird, I guess this aligns the data?
+   (data-buffer      uint8 :dynamic :offset 16)
+   )
+  (:methods
+   (new (symbol type int) _type_  0)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x18
   :flag-assert         #x900000018
   )
 
+;;(define-extern reset-path object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern reset-graph object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-sync object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-packet-array object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern dma-buffer-inplace-new (function dma-buffer int dma-buffer))
+(define-extern dma-buffer-length (function dma-buffer uint))
+(define-extern dma-buffer-free (function dma-buffer int))
+
+;;(define-extern dma-gif-packet object) ;; unknown type
+
+(define-extern dma-buffer-add-vu-function (function dma-buffer vu-function int symbol))
+;;(define-extern dma-packet object) ;; unknown type
+;;(define-extern dma-buffer object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern dma-buffer-send-chain (function dma-bank-source dma-buffer none))
+(define-extern dma-buffer-send (function dma-bank dma-buffer none))
+(define-extern dma-bucket-insert-tag (function dma-bucket int dma-bucket (pointer uint64) dma-bucket))
+(define-extern dma-buffer-add-buckets (function dma-buffer int none))
+(define-extern dma-buffer-patch-buckets (function dma-bucket int int))
+
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;; dma-disasm
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
+
 (deftype vif-disasm-element (structure)
   ((mask    uint32  :offset-assert 0)
    (tag     uint32  :offset-assert 4)
    (val     uint32  :offset-assert 8)
    (print   uint32  :offset-assert 12)
-   (string1 basic   :offset-assert 16)
-   (string2 basic   :offset-assert 20)
+   (string1 string   :offset-assert 16)
+   (string2 string   :offset-assert 20)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x18
   :flag-assert         #x900000018
   )
 
+(define-extern *vif-disasm-table* (array vif-disasm-element)) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern disasm-vif-tag function)
+(define-extern disasm-dma-tag function)
+(define-extern disasm-vif-details (function symbol (pointer uint8) int int int))
+(define-extern vif-disasm-element type)
+;;(define-extern *dma-disasm* object) ;; unknown type
+(define-extern disasm-dma-list function)
+
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;; pad
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -31921,84 +32138,9 @@
 (define-extern vector-circle-tangent-new function)
 
 
-;
-;;(define-extern vif-stat object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern vif-fbrst object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern vif-err object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern vif-bank object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-count-until-done function)
-;;(define-extern vif-tag object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-send-no-scratch function)
-;;(define-extern dma-tag object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-chcr object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-bank-spr object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-bucket object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-sync-with-count function)
-;;(define-extern vu-code-block object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-sync-fast function)
-;;(define-extern vif-mask object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-bank-control object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern vif-unpack-imm object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-ctrl object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-enable object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern vu-stat object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-bank-source object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-bank-vif object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-sqwc object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern vif-stcycl-imm object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-bank object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern flush-cache object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern *video-parms* object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern video-parms object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern generic-bucket-state object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern *vu1-enable-user-menu* object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-foreground-sink type)
-(define-extern dma-foreground-sink-group type)
-;;(define-extern *vu1-enable-user* object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern generic-dma-foreground-sink type)
-(define-extern reset-vif1-path function)
-(define-extern dump-vu1-range function)
-(define-extern symlink3 function)
-(define-extern dma-sync-crash function)
-(define-extern clear-vu0-mem function)
-(define-extern dump-vu1-mem function)
-(define-extern dma-send-from-spr function)
-(define-extern dma-send-to-spr function)
-(define-extern dma-sync-hang function)
-(define-extern symlink2 function)
-(define-extern ultimate-memcpy function)
-(define-extern dma-send-to-spr-no-flush function)
-(define-extern dma-initialize function)
-(define-extern dma-send function)
-(define-extern dma-send-chain-no-flush function)
-(define-extern clear-vu1-mem function)
-(define-extern dma-send-from-spr-no-flush function)
-;;(define-extern *video-reset-parm* object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-send-chain function)
-(define-extern dma-send-chain-no-tte function)
-;;(define-extern reset-path object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern reset-graph object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-sync object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-packet-array object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-buffer-inplace-new function)
-(define-extern dma-buffer-length function)
-;;(define-extern dma-gif-packet object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-buffer-free function)
-(define-extern dma-buffer-add-vu-function function)
-;;(define-extern dma-packet object) ;; unknown type
-;;(define-extern dma-buffer object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern dma-buffer-send-chain function)
-(define-extern dma-buffer-send function)
-(define-extern dma-bucket-insert-tag function)
-(define-extern dma-buffer-add-buckets function)
-(define-extern dma-buffer-patch-buckets function)
-;;(define-extern *vif-disasm-table* object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern disasm-vif-tag function)
-(define-extern disasm-dma-tag function)
-(define-extern disasm-vif-details function)
-(define-extern vif-disasm-element type)
-;;(define-extern *dma-disasm* object) ;; unknown type
-(define-extern disasm-dma-list function)
+
+
+
 ;;(define-extern error object) ;; unknown type
 ;;(define-extern details object) ;; unknown type
 (define-extern cpad-set-buzz! function)
diff --git a/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/type_hints.jsonc b/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/type_hints.jsonc
index e8a82c49e0..334f0ac6ee 100644
--- a/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/type_hints.jsonc
+++ b/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/type_hints.jsonc
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 	],
 
 	"(method 2 handle)":[
-	    [10, ["a2", "(pointer process)"]],
+		[10, ["a2", "(pointer process)"]],
 		[11, ["a3", "process"]],
 		[12, ["v1", "int"]],
 		[16, ["gp", "int"]]
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@
 
 	"(method 14 dead-pool)":[
 	    // bug in game!
-		[24, ["v1", "(pointer process-tree)"]],
-		[30, ["s4", "(pointer process-tree)"]] 
+	    [24, ["v1", "(pointer process-tree)"]],
+	    [30, ["s4", "(pointer process-tree)"]] 
 	],
 
 	"throw":[
@@ -108,16 +108,76 @@
 	],
 
 	"string-cat-to-last-char":[
-	    [3, ["s5", "(pointer uint8)"]],
-	    [4, ["s5", "string"]]
+		[3, ["s5", "(pointer uint8)"]],
+		[4, ["s5", "string"]]
 	],
 
 	"string-strip-trailing-whitespace!":[
-	    [15, ["v1", "(pointer uint8)"]]
+		[15, ["v1", "(pointer uint8)"]]
 	],
 
 	"(anon-function 15 hud)":[
-	    [0, ["s6", "hud"]]
-	    ]
+		[0, ["s6", "hud"]]
+	],
+
+	"dma-send-to-spr":[
+		[5, ["s5", "dma-bank-spr"]]],
+	"dma-send-to-spr-no-flush":[
+		[5, ["s5", "dma-bank-spr"]]],
+	"dma-send-from-spr":[
+		[5, ["s5", "dma-bank-spr"]]],
+	"dma-send-from-spr-no-flush":[
+		[5, ["s5", "dma-bank-spr"]]],
+	"dma-initialize":[
+	    [1, ["v1", "vif-bank"]],
+	    [6, ["a0", "vif-bank"]],
+	[8, ["v1", "vif-bank"]],
+    [13, ["a0", "vif-bank"]]],
+
+    "clear-vu0-mem":[
+    	[1, ["v1", "(pointer uint32)"]]
+    ],
+        "clear-vu1-mem":[
+    	[1, ["v1", "(pointer uint32)"]]
+    ],
+
+    "dump-vu1-mem":[
+      [1, ["gp", "(pointer uint32)"]]],
+
+        "dump-vu1-range":[
+      [3, ["s4", "(pointer uint32)"]]],
+
+    "ultimate-memcpy":[
+    	[5, ["s3", "dma-bank-spr"],["s4", "dma-bank-spr"]]
+    ],
+
+    "dma-buffer-add-vu-function":[
+    	[13, ["v1", "uint"]],
+    	[23, ["t2", "(pointer uint32)"]]
+    ],
+
+    "dma-buffer-add-buckets":[
+    	[1, ["v0", "dma-bucket"]],
+    	[5, ["v1", "uint"]],
+    	[6, ["t0", "uint"]],
+    	[9, ["v1", "dma-bucket"]],
+    	[11, ["v1", "uint"]],
+    	[12, ["v1", "dma-bucket"]]
+    ],
+
+    "dma-buffer-patch-buckets":[
+    	[7, ["a0", "uint"]],
+    	[11, ["a0", "dma-bucket"]],
+    	[14, ["a0", "uint"]],
+    	[15, ["a0", "dma-bucket"]]
+    ],
+
+    "dma-bucket-insert-tag":[
+    	[1, ["a0", "uint"]],
+    	[2, ["v1", "dma-bucket"]]
+    ]
+
+    
+
 
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/var_names.jsonc b/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/var_names.jsonc
index e1151c9667..a5d27ce8d0 100644
--- a/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/var_names.jsonc
+++ b/decompiler/config/jak1_ntsc_black_label/var_names.jsonc
@@ -380,6 +380,54 @@
 	},
 	"ease-in-out":{
 		"args":["total", "progress"]
+	},
+	"dma-send-to-spr":{
+		"args":["sadr", "madr", "qwc", "sync"]
+	},
+	"dma-send-to-spr-no-flush":{
+		"args":["sadr", "madr", "qwc", "sync"]
+	},
+	"dma-send-from-spr":{
+		"args":["madr", "sadr", "qwc", "sync"]
+	},
+	"dma-send-from-spr-no-flush":{
+		"args":["madr", "sadr", "qwc", "sync"]
+	},
+	"dump-vu1-range":{
+		"args":["start", "total-count"]
+	},
+	"ultimate-memcpy":{
+		"args":["dst", "src", "size-bytes"],
+		"vars":{"s2-0":"qwc-remaining",
+		        "s1-0":"qwc-transferred-now",
+		         "s4-0":"spr-to-bank",
+		          "s3-0":"spr-from-bank"}
+	},
+
+	"dma-buffer-add-vu-function":{
+		"args":["dma-buf", "vu-func"],
+		"vars":{"t1-1":"dma-buf-2", "v1-0":"func-ptr", "a3-0":"qlen", "a1-1":"origin", "t0-1":"qwc-now",
+		"t2-0":"buf-ptr"}
+	},
+
+	"dma-buffer-add-buckets":{
+		"args":["dma-buf", "count"],
+		"vars":{"a2-0":"i", "v1-0":"current-bucket"}
+	},
+
+	"dma-buffer-patch-buckets":{
+		"args":["bucket", "count"],
+		"vars":{"v1-1":"i"}
+	},
+
+	"dma-bucket-insert-tag":{
+		"args":["base", "idx", "tag-start", "tag-end"]
+	},
+
+	"disasm-vif-details":{
+		"args":["stream", "data", "kind", "count"],
+		"vars":{"s4-0":"count2", "s3-0":"data-ptr", "s2-0":"i"}
 	}
 
+
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/code_status.md b/doc/code_status.md
index 966634dc3c..650045f02c 100644
--- a/doc/code_status.md
+++ b/doc/code_status.md
@@ -68,20 +68,48 @@
 ## `trigonometry-h`: **Done**
 - Empty
 
-## `transformq-h`:
+## `transformq-h`: waiting on stack stuff
 - Needs stack stuff
 
-## `bounding-box`:
+## `bounding-box`: asm
 
-## `matrix`:
+## `matrix`: asm
 
-## `transform`:
+## `transform`: asm
 
-## `quaternion`:
+## `quaternion`: asm
 
-## `euler`:
+## `euler`: asm
 
-## `geometry`:
+## `geometry`: asm
 
 ## `trigonometry`: **Done**
 - `sincos!` and `sincos-rad!` have a bug where cosine is slightly off
+
+## `gsound-h`: **Done**
+
+## `timer-h`: **Done**
+- `timer-init` removed for PC port.
+
+## `timer`: Decompiled, probably needs porting
+- Has functions for accessing PS2 timers, needs to be ported to PC. All the logic for stopwatches etc is decopmiled, just the timer reads/writes need to be modified.
+
+## `vif-h`: **Done**
+
+## `dma-h`: **Done**
+- DMA sync disabled by default.
+
+## `video-h`: **Done**
+
+## `vu1-user-h`: **Done**
+
+## `dma`: **Done**
+- `dma-initialize` disabled on PC.
+- Plan is to modify things at a higher level than this for the PC graphics system, most of these functions are non-functional on the PC.
+- `ultimate-memcpy` may need to be modified, or we can just swap out code to use the non-`ultimate` version of `memcpy`.
+
+## `dma-buffer`: **Done**
+- The sends won't work on PC, but it should let you build the buffer...
+
+## `dma-bucket`: **Done**
+- Could clean up some bitfield access, should probably add some features to the compiler to help here.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/game/CMakeLists.txt b/game/CMakeLists.txt
index f33b013e12..10b1c680e6 100644
--- a/game/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/game/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ set(RUNTIME_SOURCE
         system/Deci2Server.cpp
         sce/libcdvd_ee.cpp
         sce/libscf.cpp
+        sce/libdma.cpp
+        sce/libgraph.cpp
         sce/deci2.cpp
         sce/sif_ee.cpp
         sce/iop.cpp
diff --git a/game/kernel/klink.cpp b/game/kernel/klink.cpp
index a767d48bc1..14ce743fab 100644
--- a/game/kernel/klink.cpp
+++ b/game/kernel/klink.cpp
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ uint64_t link_resume() {
  */
 void* ultimate_memcpy(void* dst, void* src, uint32_t size) {
   // only possible if alignment is good.
-  if (!(u64(dst) & 0xf) && !(u64(src) & 0xf) && !(u64(size) & 0xf)) {
+  if (!(u64(dst) & 0xf) && !(u64(src) & 0xf) && !(u64(size) & 0xf) && size > 0xfff) {
     if (!gfunc_774.offset) {
       // GOAL function is unknown, lets see if its loaded:
       auto sym = find_symbol_from_c("ultimate-memcpy");
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ void* ultimate_memcpy(void* dst, void* src, uint32_t size) {
       }
       gfunc_774.offset = sym->value;
     }
-    printf("calling goal um\n");
+    printf("calling goal ultimate-memcpy!\n");
     return Ptr<u8>(call_goal(gfunc_774, make_u8_ptr(dst).offset, make_u8_ptr(src).offset, size,
                              s7.offset, g_ee_main_mem))
         .c();
diff --git a/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp b/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp
index 29d2090762..0015e0702f 100644
--- a/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp
+++ b/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 #include "game/sce/sif_ee.h"
 #include "game/sce/libcdvd_ee.h"
 #include "game/sce/stubs.h"
+#include "game/sce/libdma.h"
+#include "game/sce/libgraph.h"
 #include "common/symbols.h"
 #include "common/log/log.h"
 using namespace ee;
diff --git a/game/main.cpp b/game/main.cpp
index 3d21077851..d3227b5c38 100644
--- a/game/main.cpp
+++ b/game/main.cpp
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 void setup_logging(bool verbose) {
   lg::set_file(file_util::get_file_path({"log/game.txt"}));
   if (verbose) {
-    lg::set_file_level(lg::level::info);
-    lg::set_stdout_level(lg::level::info);
-    lg::set_flush_level(lg::level::info);
+    lg::set_file_level(lg::level::debug);
+    lg::set_stdout_level(lg::level::debug);
+    lg::set_flush_level(lg::level::debug);
   } else {
     lg::set_file_level(lg::level::warn);
     lg::set_stdout_level(lg::level::warn);
diff --git a/game/sce/libdma.cpp b/game/sce/libdma.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c24affb973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/sce/libdma.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "libdma.h"
+
+namespace ee {
+int sceDmaSync(sceDmaChan*, s32, s32) {
+  // successful transfer finish, without timeout = 0
+  return 0;
+}
+}  // namespace ee
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/game/sce/libdma.h b/game/sce/libdma.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0721e8bb92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/sce/libdma.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace ee {
+struct sceDmaChan {};
+
+int sceDmaSync(sceDmaChan* chan, s32 mode, s32 timeout);
+}  // namespace ee
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/game/sce/libgraph.cpp b/game/sce/libgraph.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d40bb84d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/sce/libgraph.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "libgraph.h"
+#include "common/log/log.h"
+
+namespace ee {
+void sceGsResetPath() {}
+void sceGsResetGraph(int mode, int inter, int omode, int ffmode) {
+  lg::warn("sceGsResetGraph: mode {} inter {} omode {} fmode {}\n", mode, inter, omode, ffmode);
+}
+}  // namespace ee
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/game/sce/libgraph.h b/game/sce/libgraph.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..448387fe92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/sce/libgraph.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace ee {
+void sceGsResetPath();
+void sceGsResetGraph(int mode, int inter, int omode, int ffmode);
+}  // namespace ee
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/game/sce/stubs.cpp b/game/sce/stubs.cpp
index 6ea0765463..782875b413 100644
--- a/game/sce/stubs.cpp
+++ b/game/sce/stubs.cpp
@@ -19,18 +19,10 @@ void sceGsSyncPath() {
   assert(false);
 }
 
-void sceGsResetPath() {
-  assert(false);
-}
-
 void sceGsResetGraph() {
   assert(false);
 }
 
-void sceDmaSync() {
-  assert(false);
-}
-
 void sceGsPutIMR() {
   assert(false);
 }
diff --git a/game/sce/stubs.h b/game/sce/stubs.h
index 0c4a59b459..86a5bd4492 100644
--- a/game/sce/stubs.h
+++ b/game/sce/stubs.h
@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@
 namespace ee {
 void sceGsSyncV();
 void sceGsSyncPath();
-void sceGsResetPath();
-void sceGsResetGraph();
-void sceDmaSync();
 void sceGsPutIMR();
 void sceGsGetIMR();
 void sceGsExecStoreImage();
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-bucket.gc b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-bucket.gc
index f3309f6f72..fbe911081a 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-bucket.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-bucket.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,79 @@
 ;; name in dgo: dma-bucket
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; A dma-bucket is a 16 byte thing that lives in the dma-buffer.
+;; buckets live consecutively in the dma-buffer, and can mark the start of a DMA chain
+;; location anywhere.
+
+;; The typical process is:
+;; - empty buckets are allocated with add-buckets
+;; - tags are put somewhere and added to the appropriate bucket with insert-tag, updating last as needed.
+;; - buckets are patched to link to each other with dma-buffer-add-buckets.
+
+;; the idea here is that you can build the buckets in whatever order you want, but the buckets
+;; will be DMAd in the bucket allocation order.
+
+;; Each bucket contains:
+;;   a tag, (64-bits), to point to the chain of the bucket
+;;   last, a pointer to the last tag of this bucket, so the bucket can be patched to point to the next.
+
+(defun dma-buffer-add-buckets ((dma-buf dma-buffer) (count int))
+  "Add count buckets to the dma buffer. Each bucket is initialized empty."
+  (local-vars (current-bucket dma-bucket) (i int))
+  ;; grab the first free memory
+  (set! current-bucket (the dma-bucket (-> dma-buf base)))
+  (set! i 0)
+  (while (< i count)
+    ;; also sets next, which points to the memory after this bucket
+    (set! (-> current-bucket tag)
+          (the dma-tag (logior
+                        #x20000000
+                        (the-as int (shr (shl (+ (the-as uint current-bucket) 16) 33) 1))
+                        )
+               )
+          )
+
+    ;; nothing in the bucket chain, so our last tag is the bucket tag.
+    (set! (-> current-bucket last) (the (pointer uint64) current-bucket))
+    ;; advance to next bucket
+    (set! current-bucket (&+ current-bucket 16))
+    (set! i (+ i 1))
+    )
+  ;; update base ptr.
+  (set! (-> dma-buf base) (the pointer current-bucket))
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-buffer-patch-buckets ((bucket dma-bucket) (count int))
+  "Patch last pointers in a sequence of buckets.
+   Call this after you have added everything to buckets."
+  (local-vars (i int))
+  (when (nonzero? bucket)
+    (set! i 0)
+    (while (< i count)
+      ;; make last tag of this bucket point to the next bucket.
+      (set! (-> bucket last 0)
+            (logior (logand (-> bucket last 0) #x80000000ffffffff)
+                    (shr (shl (+ (the-as uint bucket) 16) 33) 1)
+                    )
+            )
+      ;; clear last, and move on to the next bucket.
+      (set! (-> bucket last) (the (pointer uint64) 0))
+      (set! bucket (&+ bucket 16))
+      (set! i (+ i 1))
+      )
+    )
+  (the-as int bucket)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-bucket-insert-tag ((base dma-bucket) (idx int) (tag-start dma-bucket) (tag-end (pointer uint64)))
+  "Splice in a tag."
+  (local-vars (bucket dma-bucket))
+  ;; seek to bucket we want to splice before.
+  (set! bucket (&+ base (shl idx 4)))
+  ;; append to last tag (kind of a hack here with the types)
+  (set! (-> (the dma-bucket (-> bucket last)) next) (the uint tag-start))
+  ;; make prev = end of tag so we can add more.
+  (set! (-> bucket last) tag-end)
+  tag-start
+  )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc
index d77d0e2434..a71009fbd0 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,209 @@
 ;; name in dgo: dma-buffer
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; DMA buffers are used per frame to store DMA data.
+;; The dma-buffer manages the memory and dma-bucket organizes the stuff within.
+
+;; The DMA system reads dma-tags.  A common trick is to set the dma in tte mode, which transfers
+;; the upper 64-bits of the 128-bit "packet" to the VIF, and you can put your vifcode there:
+
+;; Ex:
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; 32-bit vifcode ;; 32-bit vifcode ;; 64-bit dma-tag ;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; in this case, the vifcodes will be sent to the vif, if
+;; the dma transfer has tte set.
+;; note that the second vifcode can also hold other stuff depending on the mode.
+
+
+;; first quadword of a DMA with vif packet
+(deftype dma-packet (structure)
+  ((dma  dma-tag   :offset-assert 0)
+   (vif0 vif-tag   :offset-assert 8)
+   (vif1 vif-tag   :offset-assert 12) ;; doesn't have to be a vif tag.
+   (quad uint128  :offset 0)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x10
+  :flag-assert         #x900000010
+  )
+
+;; seems to be unused?
+(deftype dma-packet-array (inline-array-class)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x10
+  :flag-assert         #x900000010
+  )
+(set! (-> dma-packet-array heap-base) 16)
+
+;; For doing a dma -> vif -> gif (path 2) transfer.
+(deftype dma-gif-packet (structure)
+  ((dma-vif dma-packet :inline :offset-assert 0)
+   (gif     uint64    2       :offset-assert 16) ;; guess
+   (quad    uint128    2       :offset 0)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x20
+  :flag-assert         #x900000020
+  )
+
+;; dma-buffer holds per-frame data for dma.
+;; the allocated-length is in bytes.
+;; the base points to the first unused memory in the buffer
+;; it is a dynamically sized type.
+(deftype dma-buffer (basic)
+  ((allocated-length int32     :offset-assert 4)
+   (base             pointer   :offset-assert 8)
+   (end              uint32    :offset-assert 12)
+   (data             uint64 1 :offset-assert 16) ;; weird, I guess this aligns the data?
+   (data-buffer      uint8 :dynamic :offset 16)
+   )
+  (:methods
+   (new (symbol type int) _type_  0)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x18
+  :flag-assert         #x900000018
+  )
+
+(defmethod new dma-buffer ((allocation symbol) (type-to-make type) (size int))
+  "Allocate a new dma-buffer with size bytes of space"
+  (local-vars (v0-0 dma-buffer))
+  ;; we really get size + 4 bytes I think...
+  (set! v0-0
+   (object-new allocation type-to-make
+    (+ (+ size -4) (the-as int (-> type-to-make size)))
+    )
+   )
+  (set! (-> v0-0 base) (-> v0-0 data))
+  (set! (-> v0-0 allocated-length) size)
+  v0-0
+  )
+
+(defun dma-buffer-inplace-new ((obj dma-buffer) (size int))
+  "Initialize a DMA buffer in place. Doesn't set the type of the memory"
+  (set! (-> obj base) (-> obj data))
+  (set! (-> obj allocated-length) size)
+  obj
+  )
+
+(defmethod length dma-buffer ((obj dma-buffer))
+  "Get the size of the buffer"
+  (-> obj allocated-length)
+  )
+
+(defmethod asize-of dma-buffer ((obj dma-buffer))
+  "Get the size in memory of the object"
+  (+ (+ (-> obj allocated-length) -4) (the-as int (-> dma-buffer size)))
+  )
+
+(defun dma-buffer-length ((arg0 dma-buffer))
+  "Get length used in quadwords, rounded down"
+  (shr (+ (&- (-> arg0 base) (-> arg0 data)) 15) 4)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-buffer-free ((arg0 dma-buffer))
+  "Get the number of free quadwords, rounded down."
+  (the-as int
+          (shr (+ (&- (-> arg0 end) (-> arg0 base)) 15) 4)
+          )
+  )
+
+(defun dma-buffer-add-vu-function ((dma-buf dma-buffer) (vu-func vu-function) (arg2 int))
+  "Add DMA chain instructions to load the given VU function to VU program memory.
+   The destination address in VU memory is specified inside of the vu-function.
+   if arg2 = 0, then use FLUSHE, otherwise use FLUSHA, I think the runs _before_ the program upload.
+   Should run with TTE."
+  (local-vars
+   (func-ptr uint)
+   (origin int)
+   (qlen int)
+   (qwc-now int)
+   (dma-buf-2 dma-buffer)
+   (buf-ptr pointer)
+   )
+  ;; our strategy is to upload the program in chunks, as we can only upload 127 or 128 quadwords at a time.
+  ;; it is not clear why they did 127 quadword chunks, it seems like 128 would have worked too.
+  
+  ;; the actual data to upload.
+  (set! func-ptr (the uint (&-> vu-func data 4)))
+  ;; how long it is
+  (set! qlen (-> vu-func qlength))
+  ;; where to upload to. In 64-bit units because the PS2 is annoying.
+  (set! origin (-> vu-func origin))
+
+  ;; while we still have stuff to transfer...
+  (while (> qlen 0)
+    ;; get up to 127 quadwords. maybe they thought they lost one for the dmatag + 2 vif tags?
+   (set! qwc-now (min 127 qlen))
+   (set! dma-buf-2 dma-buf)
+   ;; grab a pointer to the next free memory
+   (set! buf-ptr (-> dma-buf-2 base))
+
+   ;; We will add the following tags
+   ;; | 32-bit MPG VIFCode | 32-bit FLUSHX VIFCode | 64-bit DMATag |
+   ;;  DMA Tag will the REF - indicating to transfer some other data (the program), then advance to
+   ;;   the next quadword in this buffer for the next steps.
+   ;; FLUSHX makes sure the VU isn't running while we upload a program.
+   ;; MPG tells VIF to upload the program to the VU.
+   
+   ;; put in a DMA Tag, REF
+   (set! (-> (the-as (pointer int64) buf-ptr))
+         (logior (logior #x30000000 ;; tag id = ref
+                         (shr (shl qwc-now 48) 48)) ;; qwc = qwc-now
+                 (the-as int (shr (shl (the-as uint func-ptr) 33) 1)) ;; addr = func-ptr
+                 )
+         )
+   ;; VIFCODE - FLUSHE or FLUSHA, wait for previous program to finish?
+   (set! (-> (the-as (pointer int32) buf-ptr) 2)
+    (shr (shl (if (zero? arg2) 16 19) 57) 33)
+    )
+   ;; MPG - Transfers the microgram!
+   ;; sets num to 0, which means 256x 64 bit units, or 128 quadwords.
+   ;; I think this transfers one quadword too many, but it's okay.
+   (set! (-> (the-as (pointer int32) buf-ptr) 3)
+    (logior (logior #x4a000000 (shr (shl origin 48) 48))
+     (shr (shl (shl qwc-now 1) 56) 40)
+     )
+    )
+   ;; advance buffer pointer to next quadword.
+   (set! (-> dma-buf-2 base) (&-> (the (pointer uint32) buf-ptr) 4))
+   ;; advance data pointer
+   (set! func-ptr (+ func-ptr (the-as uint (shl qwc-now 4))))
+   ;; count down transfered quads
+   (set! qlen (- qlen qwc-now))
+   ;; source pointer advances by doublewords...
+   (set! origin (+ origin (shl qwc-now 1)))
+   )
+  '#f
+  )
+
+(defun dma-buffer-send ((chan dma-bank) (buf dma-buffer))
+  "Send the DMA buffer! DOES NOT TRANSFER TAG."
+  (when (< (-> buf allocated-length)
+           (&- (-> buf base) (-> buf data))
+           )
+    ;; oops. we overflowed the DMA buffer. die.
+    (segfault)
+    )
+  (dma-send
+   chan
+   (the-as uint (-> buf data))
+   (the-as uint (dma-buffer-length buf))
+   )
+  )
+
+(defun dma-buffer-send-chain ((chan dma-bank-source) (buf dma-buffer))
+  "Send the DMA buffer! Sends the tags"
+  (when (< (-> buf allocated-length)
+           (&- (-> buf base) (-> buf data))
+           )
+    ;; oops. we overflowed the DMA buffer. die.
+    (segfault)
+    )
+  (dma-send-chain
+   chan
+   (the-as uint (-> buf data))
+   )
+  )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-disasm.gc b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-disasm.gc
index 46694a099d..a3d9a90978 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-disasm.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-disasm.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,17 @@
 ;; name in dgo: dma-disasm
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+(deftype vif-disasm-element (structure)
+  ((mask    uint32  :offset-assert 0)
+   (tag     uint32  :offset-assert 4)
+   (val     uint32  :offset-assert 8)
+   (print   uint32  :offset-assert 12)
+   (string1 string   :offset-assert 16)
+   (string2 string   :offset-assert 20)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x18
+  :flag-assert         #x900000018
+  )
+
+ 
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-h.gc
index 0fb791e8ba..2ea615d466 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-h.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,304 @@
 ;; name in dgo: dma-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; Constants/type for the PS2 DMA System.
+;; There are a number of DMA channels.
+;; The PS2 supports several types of DMA, including simple chunk transfer and more complicated
+;; "chain" transfers, where the hardware can follow a linked data-structure.
+
+;; In OpenGOAL, "DMA" will be instant. By default, DMA syncs will be disabled by this flag.
+(defglobalconstant INSTANT_DMA #t)
+
+;; count returned by dma-sync-with-count
+;; when instant dma is enabled.
+(defglobalconstant INSTANT_DMA_COUNT 123)
+
+;; DMA Channel Control Register. This starts the DMA and can be checked to see if it done.
+(deftype dma-chcr (uint32)
+  ((dir uint8 :offset 0 :size 1) ;; 1 - from memory
+   (mod uint8 :offset 2 :size 2) ;; normal, chain, interleave
+   (asp uint8 :offset 4 :size 2) ;; none, 1, 2
+   (tte uint8 :offset 6 :size 1) ;; transfer tag (sc only)
+   (tie uint8 :offset 7 :size 1) ;; tag interrupt
+   (str uint8 :offset 8 :size 1) ;; start!
+   (tag uint16 :offset 16)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+(defmethod inspect dma-chcr ((obj dma-chcr))
+  (format #t "~Tdir: ~D~%" (-> obj dir))
+  (format #t "~Tmod: ~D~%" (-> obj mod))
+  (format #t "~Tasp: ~D~%" (-> obj asp))
+  (format #t "~Ttte: ~D~%" (-> obj tte))
+  (format #t "~Ttie: ~D~%" (-> obj tie))
+  (format #t "~Tstr: ~D~%" (-> obj str))
+  (format #t "~Ttag: #x~X~%" (-> obj tag))
+  obj
+  )
+
+;; Most basic DMA register layout
+(deftype dma-bank (structure)
+  ((chcr dma-chcr  :offset 0) ;; control register
+   (madr uint32  :offset 16)  ;; memory address
+   (qwc  uint32  :offset 32)  ;; quadword count
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x24
+  :flag-assert         #x900000024
+  )
+
+;; DMA register layout for channels supporting source-chain
+(deftype dma-bank-source (dma-bank)
+  ((tadr uint32  :offset 48) ;; tag address
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x34
+  :flag-assert         #x900000034
+  )
+
+;; The DMA source chain supports a two-entry "call stack" of tags.
+;; The tag addresses are stored here.
+(deftype dma-bank-vif (dma-bank-source)
+  ((as0  uint32  :offset 64) ;; pushed tag register
+   (as1  uint32  :offset 80) ;; pushed tag register
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x54
+  :flag-assert         #x900000054
+  )
+
+;; The toSPR and fromSPR DMA channels require a second address in the scratchpad.
+;; This is an offset from the start of SPR.
+(deftype dma-bank-spr (dma-bank-source)
+  ((sadr uint32  :offset 128) ;; spad address.
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x84
+  :flag-assert         #x900000084
+  )
+
+(defconstant VIF0_DMA_BANK (the dma-bank-vif #x10008000))
+(defconstant VIF1_DMA_BANK (the dma-bank-vif #x10009000))
+;; gif, ipuFrom, ipTop, sif0, sif1, sif2 believed unused.
+(defconstant SPR_FROM_BANK (the dma-bank-spr #x1000d000))
+(defconstant SPR_TO_BANK (the dma-bank-spr #x1000d400))
+
+;; D_CTRL, master DMA control register, shraed for all channels.
+(deftype dma-ctrl (uint32)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; D_ENABLEW, D_ENABLER?
+(deftype dma-enable (uint32)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; D_SQWC
+(deftype dma-sqwc (uint32)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; Shared DMA control registers.
+(deftype dma-bank-control (structure)
+  ((ctrl    dma-ctrl  :offset 0)
+   (stat    uint32  :offset 16)
+   (pcr     uint32  :offset 32)
+   (sqwc    dma-sqwc  :offset 48)
+   (rbsr    uint32  :offset 64)
+   (rbor    uint32  :offset 80)
+   (stadr   uint32  :offset 96)
+   (enabler uint32  :offset 5408)
+   (enablew uint32  :offset 5520)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x1594
+  :flag-assert         #x900001594
+  )
+
+(defconstant DMA_CONTROL_BANK (the dma-bank-control #x1000e000))
+
+;; Seems to be unused. The vu-function type is used instead.
+(deftype vu-code-block (basic)
+  ((name         basic   :offset-assert 4)
+   (code         uint32  :offset-assert 8)
+   (size         int32   :offset-assert 12)
+   (dest-address uint32  :offset-assert 16)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x14
+  :flag-assert         #x900000014
+  )
+
+;; ?? not sure what this is.
+(deftype vu-stat (uint64)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000008
+  )
+
+;; In source chain mode, the DMA controller reads "DMAtag"s to determine addresses
+;; sizes, and the next thing to transfer.
+;; A tag is 8 bytes.
+(deftype dma-tag (uint64)
+  ((qwc uint16 :offset 0)          ;; quadword count
+   (pce uint8 :offset 26 :size 2)  ;; priority (source mode)
+   (id uint8 :offset 28 :size 3)   ;; ID (what the tag means)
+   (irq uint8 :offset 31 :size 1)  ;; interrupt at the end?
+   (addr uint32 :offset 32 :size 31) ;; address (31 bits)
+   (spr uint8 :offset 63 :size 1)    ;; spr or not flag.
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x8
+  :flag-assert         #x900000008
+  )
+
+;; A DMA bucket is a way of organizing data within a dma buffer.
+;; The buckets themselves live inside in the dma buffer.
+;; the addr field of their tag should point to the next bucket.
+;; This is not a PS2 hardware thing
+(deftype dma-bucket (structure)
+  ((tag   dma-tag  :offset-assert 0)     ;; the DMA tag to transfer the bucket's data
+   (last  (pointer uint64)  :offset-assert 8)  ;; the last tag of this bucket.
+   (dummy uint32  :offset-assert 12)     ;; empty space.
+   (next  uint32  :offset 4)             ;; this overlaps with the addr bit-field of the dma-tag
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x10
+  :flag-assert         #x900000010
+  )
+
+;; ??
+(deftype vif-mask (uint32)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; ??
+(deftype vif-stcycl-imm (uint16)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000002
+  )
+
+;; ??
+(deftype vif-unpack-imm (uint16)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000002
+  )
+
+;; The VIF also has tags to control it.
+;; Different VIF commands (called VIFCode) have different tag layouts.
+(deftype vif-tag (uint32)
+  ((imm uint16 :offset 0 :size 16)
+   (num uint8 :offset 16 :size 8)
+   (cmd uint8 :offset 24 :size 8)
+   (irq uint8 :offset 31 :size 1) ;;?
+   (msk uint8 :offset 15 :size 1)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+(defmethod inspect vif-tag ((obj vif-tag))
+  (format #t "~Timm: #x~X~%" (-> obj imm))
+  (format #t "~Tnum: ~D~%" (-> obj num))
+  (format #t "~Tcmd: ~D~%" (-> obj cmd))
+  (format #t "~Tirq: ~D~%" (-> obj irq))
+  (format #t "~Tmsk: ~D~%" (-> obj msk))
+  obj
+  )
+
+;; NOTE: these functions are never called
+;;  so they are not really modified for x86-64
+;;  they were inline assembly originally
+
+(defun dma-sync-fast ((bank dma-bank))
+  "Wait for chcr str to go to 0, indicating DMA
+   is complete."
+  (declare (inline))
+  (#cond
+    (INSTANT_DMA
+     ;; nothing to do.
+     0
+     )
+    (#t
+     (while (nonzero? (-> bank chcr str))
+       ;; they had a precise number of nops here.
+       ;; it turns out that spamming the DMA registers is not a good idea
+       ;; because it uses the main bus that the DMA is possibly also trying to use.
+       (nop!)
+       )
+     )
+    )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-no-scratch ((bank dma-bank)
+                            (madr uint32)
+                            (qwc uint32))
+  "Begin a DMA transfer, directly to the bank.
+   Makes sure any ongoing transfer on the channel is done
+   Flushes the cache. Sets dir to 0, so I don't expect
+   this to be used for VIF1 transfers.
+   Madr should not be a scratchpad address."
+  ((inline dma-sync-fast) bank)
+  (flush-cache 0)
+  ;; (.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> bank madr) madr)
+  (set! (-> bank qwc) qwc)
+  ;; (.sync.l)
+
+  ;; this seems wrong, the set everything to 0,
+  ;; including dir, which is the to-memory direction
+  (set! (-> bank chcr)
+        (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1)
+        )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-sync-with-count ((bank dma-bank)
+                            (count (pointer int32)))
+  "Wait for DMA to finish, incrementing count.
+   This doesn't seem like a very accurate way
+   to find out how long it takes..."
+  (#cond
+    (INSTANT_DMA
+     (set! (-> count) INSTANT_DMA_COUNT)
+     0
+     )
+    (#t
+     (when (nonzero? (-> bank chcr str))
+       (let ((x (-> count)))
+         (while (nonzero? (-> bank chcr str))
+           (+! x 1)
+           (set! (-> count) x)
+           )
+         )
+       )
+     0
+     )
+    )
+  )
+
+(defun dma-count-until-done ((bank dma-bank)
+                             (count (pointer int32)))
+  "Like the previous one, kinda"
+  (#cond
+    (INSTANT_DMA
+     (set! (-> count) INSTANT_DMA_COUNT)
+     0
+     )
+    (#t
+     (while (nonzero? (-> bank chcr str))
+       (set! (-> count) (+ 1 (-> count)))
+       )
+     )
+    )
+  )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma.gc b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma.gc
index a5ee679e4d..27a0e8611b 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,418 @@
 ;; name in dgo: dma
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; DMA send and sync functions:
+;; These functions transfer existing DMA chains and buffers.
+;; In general, there are two types:
+;;  - plain transfer of a buffer (like, src, dst, size)
+;;  - chain, a data structure the PS2 DMA hardware can traverse, just give it a starting address.
+
+;; The plan for OpenGOAL is to patch things higher up, likely in renderers or buffers.
+;; So we would replace a (dma-send-chain ...) in a render with
+;; (generic-dma-pc-port ...) that will pass the data along to the PC renderer.
+;; these functions are just here for completeness and won't work properly on PC.
+;; DMA sync functions will succeed and return instantly, so it's safe to leave those in.
+
+(defconstant SPR_FROM_BANK (the dma-bank-spr #x100D000))
+(defconstant SPR_TO_BANK (the dma-bank-spr #x1000D400))
+
+(defun dma-sync-hang ((bank dma-bank))
+  "Hang here until the dma transfer is completed.
+   This is worse than the dma-sync-fast because it ends
+   up spamming the DMA bank register more often, and reduces
+   the speed of the DMA transfer."
+  (#cond
+    (INSTANT_DMA
+     0)
+    (#t
+     (while (nonzero? (-> bank chcr str))
+       (nop!)
+       )
+     )
+    )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-sync-crash ((arg0 dma-bank))
+  "Try to sync DMA for a bit, then crash if we can't"
+  (local-vars (count int))
+  (#when INSTANT_DMA
+    (return 0)
+    )
+  (set! count 5000000)
+  ;; checking str
+  (while (nonzero? (logand (the-as int (-> arg0 chcr)) 256))
+    (if (zero? count)
+        (segfault)
+        (set! count (+ count -1))
+        )
+    )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send ((arg0 dma-bank) (madr uint) (qwc uint))
+  "Send DMA! madr can be a scratchpad address.
+   Like dma-send-no-scratch, this sets chcr to zero, which may be undesirable."
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer arg0) 0 0)
+  (flush-cache 0)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> arg0 madr)
+        (logior (logand #xfffffff (the-as int madr)) ;; lower 28 bits are untouched
+                ;; if we are transferring to the scratchpad (at 70000000)
+                ;; we should set bit 31 in madr, per the manual.
+                (if (= (logand #x70000000 (the-as int madr)) #x70000000)
+                    (shl 32768 16) ;; set bit 31
+                    0)
+                )
+        )
+  (set! (-> arg0 qwc) qwc)
+  ;(.sync.l)
+  ;; set str!
+  (set! (-> arg0 chcr) (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1))
+  ;(.sync.l)
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-chain ((arg0 dma-bank-source) (tadr uint))
+  "Send DMA! tadr should be a tag address, possibly in spad ram."
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer arg0) 0 0)
+  (flush-cache 0)
+  ;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> arg0 qwc) 0)
+  ;; adjust address
+  (set! (-> arg0 tadr)
+   (logior (logand 268435455 (the-as int tadr))
+           (if (= (logand 1879048192 (the-as int tadr)) 1879048192)
+               (shl 32768 16)
+               0)
+    )
+   )
+  ;(.sync.l)
+  ;;(set! (-> arg0 chcr) 325)
+  (set! (-> arg0 chcr)
+        (new 'static 'dma-chcr
+             :dir 1 ;; from memory
+             :mod 1 ;; source chain
+             :tte 1 ;; send tags
+             :str 1) ;; go!
+        )
+  ;(.sync.l)
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-chain-no-tte ((arg0 dma-bank-source) (arg1 uint))
+  "Send DMA chain! TTE bit is not set, don't transfer tags."
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer arg0) 0 0)
+  (flush-cache 0)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> arg0 qwc) 0)
+  (set!
+   (-> arg0 tadr)
+   (logior
+    (logand 268435455 (the-as int arg1))
+    (the-as
+     uint
+     (if (= (logand 1879048192 (the-as int arg1)) 1879048192) (shl 32768 16) 0)
+     )
+    )
+   )
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> arg0 chcr)
+        (new 'static 'dma-chcr
+             :dir 1  ;; from memory
+             :mod 1  ;; source chain
+             :tte 0  ;; no tags
+             :str 1) ;; go!
+        )
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-chain-no-flush ((arg0 dma-bank-source) (arg1 uint))
+  "Send DMA chain! But don't flush the cache, so be careful here. TTE enable." 
+  (local-vars (v0-1 int))
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer arg0) 0 0)
+  (.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> arg0 qwc) 0)
+  (set!
+   (-> arg0 tadr)
+   (logior
+    (logand 268435455 (the-as int arg1))
+    (the-as
+     uint
+     (if (= (logand 1879048192 (the-as int arg1)) 1879048192) (shl 32768 16) 0)
+     )
+    )
+   )
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  ;;(set! (-> arg0 chcr) 325)
+  (set! (-> arg0 chcr)
+        (new 'static 'dma-chcr
+             :dir 1
+             :mod 1
+             :tte 1
+             :str 1)
+        )
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! v0-1 0)
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-to-spr ((sadr uint) (madr uint) (qwc uint) (sync symbol))
+  "Transfer data to spr"
+  (local-vars (s5-0 dma-bank-spr))
+  (set! s5-0 SPR_TO_BANK)
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0)
+  (flush-cache 0)
+  (.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 madr) (logand #xFFFFFFF (the-as int madr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 sadr) (logand #xFFFFFFF (the-as int sadr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 qwc) qwc)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 chcr) (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1))
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (if sync
+      (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0))
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-to-spr-no-flush ((sadr uint) (madr uint) (qwc uint) (sync symbol))
+  "Transfer to spr. Doesn't flush the cache first, so be careful."
+  (local-vars (s5-0 dma-bank-spr))
+  (set! s5-0 SPR_TO_BANK)
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 madr) (logand 268435455 (the-as int madr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 sadr) (logand 268435455 (the-as int sadr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 qwc) qwc)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 chcr) (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1))
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (if sync (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0))
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-from-spr ((madr uint) (sadr uint) (qwc uint) (sync symbol))
+  "Transfer from spr."
+  (local-vars (s5-0 dma-bank-spr))
+  (set! s5-0 SPR_FROM_BANK)
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0)
+  (flush-cache 0)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 madr) (logand 268435455 (the-as int madr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 sadr) (logand 268435455 (the-as int sadr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 qwc) qwc)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 chcr) (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1))
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (if sync (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0))
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-send-from-spr-no-flush ((madr uint) (sadr uint) (qwc uint) (sync symbol))
+  "Transfer from spr, don't flush the cache."
+  (local-vars (s5-0 dma-bank-spr))
+  (set! s5-0 SPR_FROM_BANK)
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 madr) (logand 268435455 (the-as int madr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 sadr) (logand 268435455 (the-as int sadr)))
+  (set! (-> s5-0 qwc) qwc)
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (set! (-> s5-0 chcr) (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1))
+  ;;(.sync.l)
+  (if sync (dma-sync (the-as pointer s5-0) 0 0))
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dma-initialize ()
+  "Due to a bug in the PS2 hardware, you must always disable the DMAtag mismatch
+   error. This is done here."
+  (#when PC_PORT
+    (format 0 "[dma.gc] skipping dma-initialize for PC port~%")
+    (return 0)
+    )
+  
+  (set! (-> VIF0_BANK err)
+        (logior (logand (-> VIF0_BANK err) (the-as uint -3)) 2)
+        )
+  (set! (-> (the vif-bank #x10003c00) err)
+        (logior (logand (-> VIF1_BANK err) (the-as uint -3)) 2)
+        )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun clear-vu0-mem ()
+  "Clear the data memory of VU0, filling it with abadbeef
+   This uses the slow memory mapping of VU0's data memory at 0x11004000"
+  (local-vars
+   (v1-0 (pointer uint32))
+   (a0-0 int)
+   )
+  (set! v1-0 (the (pointer uint32) #x11004000))
+  (set! a0-0 0)
+  (while (< a0-0 1024)
+    (set! (-> v1-0 a0-0) #xabadbeef)
+    (set! a0-0 (+ a0-0 1))
+    )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun clear-vu1-mem ()
+  "Clear the data memory of VU1, filling it with abadbeef
+   This uses the slow memory mapping of VU0's data memory at 0x11004000"
+  (local-vars
+   (v1-0 (pointer uint32))
+   (a0-0 int)
+   )
+  (set! v1-0 (the (pointer uint32) #x1100c000))
+  (set! a0-0 0)
+  (while (< a0-0 4096)
+    (set! (-> v1-0 a0-0) #xabadbeef)
+    (set! a0-0 (+ a0-0 1))
+    )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dump-vu1-mem ()
+  "Print VU1 memory to runtime stdout."
+  (local-vars (s5-0 int) (gp-0 (pointer uint32)))
+  (set! gp-0 (the (pointer uint32) #x1100c000))
+  (set! s5-0 0)
+  (while (< s5-0 1024) ;; 1k quadwords
+    (format 0 "~4,'0X: ~8,'0X ~8,'0X ~8,'0X ~8,'0X"
+            s5-0
+            (-> gp-0 (shl s5-0 2))
+            (-> gp-0 (+ (shl s5-0 2) 1))
+            (-> gp-0 (+ (shl s5-0 2) 2))
+            (-> gp-0 (+ (shl s5-0 2) 3))
+            )
+    (format 0 "      ~F ~F ~F ~F ~%"
+            (-> gp-0 (shl s5-0 2))
+            (-> gp-0 (+ (shl s5-0 2) 1))
+            (-> gp-0 (+ (shl s5-0 2) 2))
+            (-> gp-0 (+ (shl s5-0 2) 3))
+            )
+    (set! s5-0 (+ s5-0 1))
+    )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun dump-vu1-range ((start uint) (total-count uint))
+  "Print part of VU1 memory to runtime stdout."
+  (local-vars (s3-0 int) (s2-0 int) (s4-0 (pointer uint32)))
+  (set! s4-0 (the (pointer uint32) #x1100c000))
+  (set! s3-0 0)
+  (while (< s3-0 (the-as int total-count))
+   (set! s2-0 (+ s3-0 (the-as int start)))
+   (format 0 "~4,'0X: ~8x ~8x ~8x ~8x"
+    s2-0
+    (-> s4-0 (shl s2-0 2))
+    (-> s4-0 (+ (shl s2-0 2) 1))
+    (-> s4-0 (+ (shl s2-0 2) 2))
+    (-> s4-0 (+ (shl s2-0 2) 3))
+    )
+   (format 0 "      ~F ~F ~F ~F ~%"
+    (-> s4-0 (shl s2-0 2))
+    (-> s4-0 (+ (shl s2-0 2) 1))
+    (-> s4-0 (+ (shl s2-0 2) 2))
+    (-> s4-0 (+ (shl s2-0 2) 3))
+    )
+   (set! s3-0 (+ s3-0 1))
+   )
+  '#f
+  )
+
+;; if we send junk DMA data due to an engine bug, the PS2 will eventually time out the transfer.
+;; in this case, the main loop will attempt to reset everything to hopefully recover.
+;; this value is the PAL/NTSC constant for the Sony reset functions.
+;; if we switch PAL/NTSC during runtime, we should update this.
+(define *video-reset-parm* 2)
+
+(defun reset-vif1-path ()
+  "When things go wrong, totally reset vif1."
+  ;; inspect the banks
+  (#unless PC_PORT
+    ((method-of-type dma-bank-vif inspect) VIF1_DMA_BANK)
+    ((method-of-type vif-bank inspect) VIF1_BANK)
+    )
+  ;; sceGsResetPath
+  (reset-path)
+  ;; sceGsResetGraph
+  (reset-graph 1 1 *video-reset-parm* 1)
+  (format 0 "gkernel: vif1 path reset!~%")
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun ultimate-memcpy ((dst pointer) (src pointer) (size-bytes uint))
+  "Fast memcpy using the scratchpad. Will blow away everything in scratch.
+   Rounds to nearest quadword for size, dst and source should be aligned 16-bytes."
+  (local-vars
+   (qwc-transferred-now uint)
+   (qwc-remaining uint)
+   (spr-from-bank dma-bank-spr)
+   (spr-to-bank dma-bank-spr)
+   )
+  (set! spr-to-bank (the dma-bank-spr #x1000d400))
+  (set! spr-from-bank (the dma-bank-spr #x1000d000))
+  (set! qwc-remaining (shr size-bytes 4))
+  (flush-cache 0)
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer spr-to-bank) 0 0)
+  (dma-sync (the-as pointer spr-from-bank) 0 0)
+  (while (> qwc-remaining 0)
+    ;; figure out how much to transfer, limited by 1024 quadword size of spad.
+    (set! qwc-transferred-now qwc-remaining)
+    (when (< (the-as uint 1024) qwc-transferred-now)
+      (set! qwc-transferred-now (the uint 1024))
+      )
+    (set! qwc-remaining (- qwc-remaining (the-as uint qwc-transferred-now)))
+    
+    ;;(.sync.l)
+    ;; set up dma
+    (set! (-> spr-to-bank madr) (the uint src))
+    (set! (-> spr-to-bank sadr) 0)
+    (set! (-> spr-to-bank qwc) qwc-transferred-now)
+    ;;(.sync.l)
+    ;; start dma
+    (set! (-> spr-to-bank chcr) (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1))
+    ;;(.sync.l)
+    ;; sync
+    (dma-sync (the-as pointer spr-to-bank) 0 0)
+
+    ;; advance source pointer.
+    (set! src (&+ src (the-as uint (shl qwc-transferred-now 4))))
+
+    ;; setup transfer back
+    (set! (-> spr-from-bank madr) (the uint dst))
+    (set! (-> spr-from-bank sadr) 0)
+    (set! (-> spr-from-bank qwc) qwc-transferred-now)
+    ;; transfer!
+    ;;(.sync.l)
+    (set! (-> spr-from-bank chcr) (new 'static 'dma-chcr :str 1))
+    ;;(.sync.l)
+    ;; sync!
+    (dma-sync (the-as pointer spr-from-bank) 0 0)
+    ;; advance dst.
+    (set! dst (&+ dst (the-as uint (shl qwc-transferred-now 4))))
+    )
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun symlink2 ()
+  "symlink2 is a handwritten assembly version of the v2 linking routine.
+   it is not ported because the OpenGOAL linker has its own implementation already."
+  (segfault)
+  (none)
+  )
+
+(defun symlink3 ()
+  "symlink3 is a handwritten assembly version of the v3 linking routine.
+   OpenGOAL uses a different format for v3, customized for x86-64, so this is not
+   needed. The C++ implementation is plenty fast enough"
+  (segfault)
+  (none)
+  )
+
+;; configuration required to work around hardware bug.
+;; doesn't do anything important
+(dma-initialize)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/video-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/video-h.gc
index 3aeddf2b1e..55ec373cfc 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/video-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/video-h.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,45 @@
 ;; name in dgo: video-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+(deftype video-parms (structure)
+  ((set-video-mode              basic  :offset-assert 0)
+   (reset-video-mode            basic  :offset-assert 4)
+   (screen-sy                   int32  :offset-assert 8)
+   (screen-hy                   int32  :offset-assert 12)
+   (screen-miny                 int32  :offset-assert 16)
+   (screen-maxy                 int32  :offset-assert 20)
+   (screen-masky                int32  :offset-assert 24)
+   (display-dx                  int32  :offset-assert 28)
+   (display-dy                  int32  :offset-assert 32)
+   (screen-pages-high           int32  :offset-assert 36)
+   (_pad                        int64)
+   (relative-x-scale            float  :offset-assert 48)
+   (relative-y-scale            float  :offset-assert 52)
+   (_pad2                       int64)
+   (relative-x-scale-reciprical float  :offset-assert 64)
+   (relative-y-scale-reciprical float  :offset-assert 68)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x48
+  :flag-assert         #x900000048
+  )
+
+(define *video-parms*
+    (new 'static 'video-parms
+         :set-video-mode #f
+         :reset-video-mode #f
+         :screen-sy 224
+         :screen-hy 112
+         :screen-miny 1824
+         :screen-maxy 2272
+         :screen-masky #xdf
+         :display-dx 0
+         :display-dy 8
+         :screen-pages-high 7
+         :relative-x-scale 1.0
+         :relative-y-scale 1.0
+         :relative-x-scale-reciprical 1.0
+         :relative-y-scale-reciprical 0.0 ;; ??
+         )
+  )
+         
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/vu1-user-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/vu1-user-h.gc
index 705d6a090c..c5fac46779 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/vu1-user-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/vu1-user-h.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,56 @@
 ;; name in dgo: vu1-user-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; VU1 renderers are enabled/disabled with a bitmask.
+
+;; I believe this is renderers which can be enabled/disabled in the debug menu?
+(define *vu1-enable-user-menu*
+    #x1FFFF8)
+
+;; by default, all off.
+;; the menu renderers get copied to this on each frame
+(define *vu1-enable-user* 0)
+
+;; a dma "sink" is somewhere where a renderer can put stuff.
+(deftype dma-foreground-sink (basic)
+  ((bucket                   int32  :offset-assert 4) ;; not sure if this is a bucket index or pointer?
+   (foreground-texture-page  int8   :offset-assert 8)  ;; ?
+   (foreground-texture-level int8   :offset-assert 9)  ;; ?
+   (foreground-output-bucket int8   :offset-assert 10) ;; ?
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #xb
+  :flag-assert         #x90000000b
+  )
+
+;; additional info for the generic renderer
+(deftype generic-bucket-state (structure)
+  ((gifbuf-adr uint32  :offset-assert 0)
+   (inbuf-adr  uint32  :offset-assert 4)
+   )
+  :pack-me
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x8
+  :flag-assert         #x900000008
+  )
+
+;; sink for the generic renderer, a normal sink + extra data.
+(deftype generic-dma-foreground-sink (dma-foreground-sink)
+  ((state                    generic-bucket-state :inline :offset-assert 12)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x14
+  :flag-assert         #x900000014
+  )
+
+;; group of sinks used for the foreground renderers.
+(deftype dma-foreground-sink-group (basic)
+  ((sink         dma-foreground-sink       3 :offset-assert 4)
+   (merc-sink    dma-foreground-sink         :offset 4)
+   (generic-sink generic-dma-foreground-sink :offset 8)
+   (level        basic                       :offset-assert 16)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x14
+  :flag-assert         #x900000014
+  )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/ps2/timer-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/ps2/timer-h.gc
index fbb92bce54..7879cc9160 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/ps2/timer-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/ps2/timer-h.gc
@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@
   )
 
 ;; segfaults OpenGOAL as it does not support ps2 EE timers
-; (timer-init (the-as timer-bank EE_TIMER1) (the-as timer-mode #x82))
+(#unless PC_PORT
+  (timer-init (the-as timer-bank EE_TIMER1) (the-as timer-mode #x82))
+  )
 
 
 (deftype profile-frame (structure)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/ps2/vif-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/ps2/vif-h.gc
index 15908f81d3..6ffc04395c 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/ps2/vif-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/ps2/vif-h.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,96 @@
 ;; name in dgo: vif-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; Types related to VIF: the PS2's Vector Interface.
+;;  Each of VU0 and VU1 has a VIF which is used to sent/receive data.
+;;  The VIFs are controller by registers and fed data using DMA
+
+;;VIF0_STAT or VIF1_STAT bitfields
+(deftype vif-stat (uint32)
+  ((vps uint8 :offset 0 :size 2)
+   (vew uint8 :offset 2 :size 1)
+   (mrk uint8 :offset 6 :size 1)
+   (vss uint8 :offset 8 :size 1)
+   (vfs uint8 :offset 9 :size 1)
+   (vis uint8 :offset 10 :size 1)
+   (int uint8 :offset 11 :size 1)
+   (er0 uint8 :offset 12 :size 1)
+   (er1 uint8 :offset 13 :size 1)
+   (fqc uint8 :offset 24 :size 4)
+   )
+   
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+(defmethod inspect vif-stat ((obj vif-stat))
+  (format #t "~Tvps: ~D" (-> obj vps))
+  (format #t "~Tvew: ~D" (-> obj vew))
+  (format #t "~Tmrk: ~D" (-> obj mrk))
+  (format #t "~Tvss: ~D" (-> obj vss))
+  (format #t "~Tvfs: ~D" (-> obj vfs))
+  (format #t "~Tvis: ~D" (-> obj vis))
+  (format #t "~Tint: ~D" (-> obj int))
+  (format #t "~Ter0: ~D" (-> obj er0))
+  (format #t "~Ter1: ~D" (-> obj er1))
+  (format #t "~Tfqc: ~D" (-> obj fqc))
+  obj)
+
+;; VIF "reset" register.
+(deftype vif-fbrst (uint32)
+  ((rst uint8 :offset 0 :size 1)
+   (fbk uint8 :offset 1 :size 1)
+   (stp uint8 :offset 2 :size 1)
+   (stc uint8 :offset 3 :size 1)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; Error mask register
+(deftype vif-err (uint32)
+  ((mii uint8 :offset 0 :size 1)
+   (me0 uint8 :offset 1 :size 1) ;; PS2 hardware bug, must set this to 1 for correct operation.
+   (me1 uint8 :offset 2 :size 1)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; Common layout of hardware registers shared between the two VIFs
+(deftype vif-bank (structure)
+  ((stat   uint32  :offset-assert 0)
+   (fbrst  uint32  :offset 16)
+   (err    uint32  :offset 32)
+   (mark   uint32  :offset 48)
+   (cycle  uint32  :offset 64)
+   (mode   uint32  :offset 80)
+   (num    uint32  :offset 96)
+   (mask   uint32  :offset 112)
+   (code   uint32  :offset 128)
+   (itops  uint32  :offset 144)
+   (base   uint32  :offset 160)
+   (offset uint32  :offset 176)
+   (tops   uint32  :offset 192)
+   (itop   uint32  :offset 208)
+   (top    uint32  :offset 224)
+   (r0     uint32  :offset 256)
+   (r1     uint32  :offset 272)
+   (r2     uint32  :offset 288)
+   (r3     uint32  :offset 304)
+   (c0     uint32  :offset 320)
+   (c1     uint32  :offset 336)
+   (c2     uint32  :offset 352)
+   (c3     uint32  :offset 368)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x174
+  :flag-assert         #x900000174
+  )
+
+;; PS2 VIF map. There are no VIFs in OpenGOAL.
+(defconstant VIF0_BANK (the vif-bank #x10003800))
+(defconstant VIF1_BANK (the vif-bank #x10003c00))
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound-h.gc
index 247e8d4cb4..7f0c284885 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound-h.gc
@@ -5,3 +5,352 @@
 ;; name in dgo: gsound-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; Type definitions for sound.
+;; The actual sound code is all on the IOP, and the EE can send RPCs to control.
+;; There is also some sort of per-frame status update, that is not included here.
+
+(deftype sound-id (uint32)
+  ()
+  (:methods
+   (dummy-9 () none 9)
+   )
+  :flag-assert #xa00000004
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-bank-id (uint32)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; Sound names were sometimes packed into a uint128
+(deftype sound-name (uint128)
+  ()
+  :flag-assert #x900000010
+  )
+
+;; like should match the sound type in OVERLORD
+;; This is shared between all sound RPCs.
+(deftype sound-rpc-cmd (structure)
+  ((rsvd1   uint16  :offset-assert 0)
+   (command uint16  :offset-assert 2)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-play-parms (structure)
+  ((mask      uint16    :offset-assert 0)
+   (pitch-mod int16     :offset-assert 2)
+   (bend      int16     :offset-assert 4)
+   (fo-min    int16     :offset-assert 6)
+   (fo-max    int16     :offset-assert 8)
+   (fo-curve  int8      :offset-assert 10)
+   (priority  int8      :offset-assert 11)
+   (volume    int32     :offset-assert 12)
+   (trans     float 3 :offset-assert 16) ;; guess on type here
+   (group     uint8     :offset-assert 28)
+   )
+  :pack-me
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x1d
+  :flag-assert         #x90000001d
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-bank-cmd (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((bank-name uint128  :offset-assert 16)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x20
+  :flag-assert         #x900000020
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-sound-cmd (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((id      uint32  :offset-assert 4)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x8
+  :flag-assert         #x900000008
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-group-cmd (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((group   uint8   :offset-assert 4)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x5
+  :flag-assert         #x900000005
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-load-bank (sound-rpc-bank-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x20
+  :flag-assert         #x900000020
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-load-music (sound-rpc-bank-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x20
+  :flag-assert         #x900000020
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-unload-bank (sound-rpc-bank-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x20
+  :flag-assert         #x900000020
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-play (sound-rpc-sound-cmd)
+  ((name    uint128                  :offset-assert 16)
+   (parms   sound-play-parms :inline :offset-assert 32)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x3d
+  :flag-assert         #x90000003d
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-pause-sound (sound-rpc-sound-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x8
+  :flag-assert         #x900000008
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-stop-sound (sound-rpc-sound-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x8
+  :flag-assert         #x900000008
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-continue-sound (sound-rpc-sound-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x8
+  :flag-assert         #x900000008
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-param (sound-rpc-sound-cmd)
+  ((parms     sound-play-parms :inline :offset-assert 8)
+   (auto-time int32                    :offset-assert 40)
+   (auto-from int32                    :offset-assert 44)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x30
+  :flag-assert         #x900000030
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-master-volume (sound-rpc-group-cmd)
+  ((volume  int32   :offset-assert 8)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #xc
+  :flag-assert         #x90000000c
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-pause-group (sound-rpc-group-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x5
+  :flag-assert         #x900000005
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-stop-group (sound-rpc-group-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x5
+  :flag-assert         #x900000005
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-continue-group (sound-rpc-group-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x5
+  :flag-assert         #x900000005
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-get-irx-version (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((major   uint32  :offset-assert 4)
+   (minor   uint32  :offset-assert 8)
+   (ee-addr uint32  :offset-assert 12)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x10
+  :flag-assert         #x900000010
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-language (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((lang    uint32  :offset-assert 4)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x8
+  :flag-assert         #x900000008
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-falloff-curve (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((curve   int32   :offset-assert 4)
+   (falloff int32   :offset-assert 8)
+   (ease    int32   :offset-assert 12)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x10
+  :flag-assert         #x900000010
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-sound-falloff (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((name    uint128  :offset-assert 16)
+   (curve   int32    :offset-assert 32)
+   (min     int32    :offset-assert 36)
+   (max     int32    :offset-assert 40)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x2c
+  :flag-assert         #x90000002c
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-reload-info (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-reverb (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((core    uint8   :offset-assert 4)
+   (reverb  int32   :offset-assert 8)
+   (left    uint32  :offset-assert 12)
+   (right   uint32  :offset-assert 16)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x14
+  :flag-assert         #x900000014
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-ear-trans (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((ear-trans float 3 :offset-assert 4) ;; guess on float, may be fixed point
+   (cam-trans float 3 :offset-assert 16)
+   (cam-angle int32     :offset-assert 28)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x20
+  :flag-assert         #x900000020
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-set-flava (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ((flava   uint8   :offset-assert 4)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x5
+  :flag-assert         #x900000005
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-shutdown (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-list-sounds (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-rpc-unload-music (sound-rpc-cmd)
+  ()
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4
+  :flag-assert         #x900000004
+  )
+
+;; union of all the possible sound commands.
+(deftype sound-rpc-union (structure)
+  ((data              uint32                     20 :offset-assert 0)
+   (load-bank         sound-rpc-load-bank            :offset 0)
+   (unload-bank       sound-rpc-unload-bank          :offset 0)
+   (play              sound-rpc-play                 :offset 0)
+   (pause-sound       sound-rpc-pause-sound          :offset 0)
+   (stop-sound        sound-rpc-stop-sound           :offset 0)
+   (continue-sound    sound-rpc-continue-sound       :offset 0)
+   (set-param         sound-rpc-set-param            :offset 0)
+   (set-master-volume sound-rpc-set-master-volume    :offset 0)
+   (pause-group       sound-rpc-pause-group          :offset 0)
+   (stop-group        sound-rpc-stop-group           :offset 0)
+   (continue-group    sound-rpc-continue-group       :offset 0)
+   (get-irx-version   sound-rpc-get-irx-version      :offset 0)
+   (set-falloff-curve sound-rpc-set-falloff-curve    :offset 0)
+   (set-sound-falloff sound-rpc-set-sound-falloff    :offset 0)
+   (reload-info       sound-rpc-reload-info          :offset 0)
+   (set-language      sound-rpc-set-language         :offset 0)
+   (set-reverb        sound-rpc-set-reverb           :offset 0)
+   (set-ear-trans     sound-rpc-set-ear-trans        :offset 0)
+   (set-flava         sound-rpc-set-flava            :offset 0)
+   (shutdown          sound-rpc-shutdown             :offset 0)
+   (list-sounds       sound-rpc-list-sounds          :offset 0)
+   (unload-music      sound-rpc-unload-music         :offset 0)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x50
+  :flag-assert         #x900000050
+  )
+
+(deftype sound-spec (basic)
+  ((mask            uint16     :offset-assert 4)
+   (num             float      :offset-assert 8)
+   (group           uint8      :offset-assert 12)
+   (sound-name-char uint8 16 :offset 16)
+   (sound-name      uint128    :offset 16)
+   (trans           float 4  :offset-assert 32) ;; guess
+   (volume          int32      :offset-assert 48)
+   (pitch-mod       int32      :offset-assert 52)
+   (bend            int32      :offset-assert 56)
+   (fo-min          int16      :offset-assert 60)
+   (fo-max          int16      :offset-assert 62)
+   (fo-curve        int8       :offset-assert 64)
+   (priority        int8       :offset-assert 65)
+   (auto-time       int32      :offset-assert 68)
+   (auto-from       int32      :offset-assert 72)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 9
+  :size-assert         #x4c
+  :flag-assert         #x90000004c
+  )
+
+(define *current-sound-id* (the sound-id 65536))
+
+(deftype ambient-sound (basic)
+  ((spec         basic           :offset-assert 4)
+   (playing-id   uint32          :offset-assert 8)
+   (trans        vector  :inline :offset-assert 16)
+   (name         uint128         :offset-assert 32)
+   (play-time    uint64          :offset-assert 48)
+   (time-base    uint64          :offset-assert 56)
+   (time-random  uint64          :offset-assert 64)
+   (volume       int32           :offset-assert 72)
+   (pitch        int32           :offset-assert 76)
+   (falloff-near int32           :offset-assert 80)
+   (falloff-far  int32           :offset-assert 84)
+   (falloff-mode int32           :offset-assert 88)
+   (params       uint32          :offset-assert 92)
+   (param-count  int32           :offset-assert 96)
+   (entity       basic           :offset-assert 100)
+   (sound-count  int32           :offset-assert 104)
+   )
+  :method-count-assert 14
+  :size-assert         #x6c
+  :flag-assert         #xe0000006c
+  (:methods
+    (dummy-9 () none 9)
+    (dummy-10 () none 10)
+    (dummy-11 () none 11)
+    (dummy-12 () none 12)
+    (dummy-13 () none 13)
+    )
+  )
+
+(define *sound-bank-1* #f)
+(define *sound-bank-2* #f)
diff --git a/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc b/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc
index dff74da1a1..3f313e3602 100644
--- a/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc
@@ -114,13 +114,14 @@
 ;; put-display-env
 ;; syncv
 ;; sync-path
-;; reset-path
-;; rest-graph
+(define-extern reset-path (function none))
+(define-extern reset-graph (function int int int int none))
 ;; dma-sync
+(define-extern dma-sync (function pointer int int int))
 ;; gs-put-imr
 ;; gs-get-imr
 ;; gs-store-image
-;; flush-cache
+(define-extern flush-cache (function int none))
 ;; cpad-open
 ;; cpad-get-data
 ;; install-handler
diff --git a/goal_src/kernel/gcommon.gc b/goal_src/kernel/gcommon.gc
index 0e0a2a7b08..ac19e45ed4 100644
--- a/goal_src/kernel/gcommon.gc
+++ b/goal_src/kernel/gcommon.gc
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 (defconstant RELOC_METHOD_ID 7) ;; or login?
 (defconstant MEM_USAGE_METHOD_ID 8)
 
+(defglobalconstant PC_PORT #t)
+
 ;; distance from a symbol pointer to a (pointer string)
 ;; this relies on the memory layout of the symbol table
 ;; this must match SYM_INFO_OFFSET in goal_constants.h + offset of the str field in struct SymUpper.
diff --git a/goalc/compiler/compilation/Macro.cpp b/goalc/compiler/compilation/Macro.cpp
index 2fd326d730..cc55da1ab1 100644
--- a/goalc/compiler/compilation/Macro.cpp
+++ b/goalc/compiler/compilation/Macro.cpp
@@ -9,13 +9,9 @@ using namespace goos;
 bool Compiler::try_getting_macro_from_goos(const goos::Object& macro_name, goos::Object* dest) {
   Object macro_obj;
   bool got_macro = false;
-  try {
-    macro_obj = m_goos.eval_symbol(macro_name, m_goos.goal_env.as_env());
-    if (macro_obj.is_macro()) {
-      got_macro = true;
-    }
-  } catch (std::runtime_error& e) {
-    got_macro = false;
+  if (m_goos.eval_symbol(macro_name, m_goos.goal_env.as_env(), &macro_obj) &&
+      macro_obj.is_macro()) {
+    got_macro = true;
   }
 
   if (got_macro) {
diff --git a/goalc/compiler/compilation/Type.cpp b/goalc/compiler/compilation/Type.cpp
index 068129265a..91df769cdd 100644
--- a/goalc/compiler/compilation/Type.cpp
+++ b/goalc/compiler/compilation/Type.cpp
@@ -779,7 +779,8 @@ Val* Compiler::compile_static_new(const goos::Object& form,
   }
 
   throw_compiler_error(form,
-                       "Cannot do a static new of a {} because it is not a bitfield or structure.");
+                       "Cannot do a static new of a {} because it is not a bitfield or structure.",
+                       type.print());
   return get_none();
 }
 
diff --git a/scripts/decomp_progress.py b/scripts/decomp_progress.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f085180d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/decomp_progress.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import os
+import glob
+import argparse
+
+### Script to track decompilation progress.
+### Example usage: python3 scripts/decomp_progress.py ~/jak-project/goal_src
+
+def get_goal_files(root_dir):
+	"""Get all GOAL source files under root_dir"""
+	return [goal_file for file in os.walk(root_dir) for goal_file in glob.glob(os.path.join(file[0], '*.gc'))]
+
+def lines_in_file(file_path):
+	with open(file_path) as f:
+		lines = 0
+		for _ in f:
+			lines += 1
+		return lines
+
+
+def print_table(stats):
+	total_lines = 0
+	print("| {: <24} | {: <6} |".format("file name", "lines"))
+	print("-------------------------------------")
+	for x in stats:
+		print("  {: <24} | {: >6} |".format(x[0], x[1]))
+		total_lines += x[1]
+	print("-------------------------------------")
+	print("| {: <24} | {: >6} |".format("TOTAL", total_lines))
+	print("-------------------------------------")
+	estimated_lines = 500000
+	print("Progress: {}/{} lines ({:.2f}%)".format(total_lines, estimated_lines, 100. * total_lines / estimated_lines))
+
+
+
+def main():
+	parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+	parser.add_argument(dest='goal_src', help='the goal_src folder')
+	args = parser.parse_args()
+	all_files = get_goal_files(args.goal_src)
+
+	file_stats = []
+
+	excluded_files = {"all_files.gc", "goal-lib.gc"}
+
+	for fn in all_files:
+		short_name = os.path.basename(fn)
+		line_count = lines_in_file(fn)
+		if line_count == 7 or short_name in excluded_files:
+			# the template has 7 lines, just skip it.
+			continue
+
+		file_stats.append((short_name, line_count))
+	file_stats.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
+
+	print_table(file_stats)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	main()
diff --git a/test/decompiler/test_AtomicOpBuilder.cpp b/test/decompiler/test_AtomicOpBuilder.cpp
index 4f468fe244..13ac970f28 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/test_AtomicOpBuilder.cpp
+++ b/test/decompiler/test_AtomicOpBuilder.cpp
@@ -465,13 +465,13 @@ TEST(DecompilerAtomicOpBuilder, LHU) {
 }
 
 TEST(DecompilerAtomicOpBuilder, LUI) {
-  test_case(assembly_from_list({"lui a3, 2"}), {"(set! a3 131072)"}, {{"a3"}}, {{}}, {{}});
+  test_case(assembly_from_list({"lui a3, 2"}), {"(set! a3 #x20000)"}, {{"a3"}}, {{}}, {{}});
 }
 
 TEST(DecompilerAtomicOpBuilder, LUI_ORI) {
-  test_case(assembly_from_list({"L100:", "lui a0, 2", "ori a1, a0, 3"}), {"(set! a1 131075)"},
+  test_case(assembly_from_list({"L100:", "lui a0, 2", "ori a1, a0, 3"}), {"(set! a1 #x20003)"},
             {{"a1"}}, {{}}, {{"a0"}});
-  test_case(assembly_from_list({"L100:", "lui a0, 2", "ori a0, a0, 3"}), {"(set! a0 131075)"},
+  test_case(assembly_from_list({"L100:", "lui a0, 2", "ori a0, a0, 3"}), {"(set! a0 #x20003)"},
             {{"a0"}}, {{}}, {{}});
   test_case(assembly_from_list({"L100:", "lui a0, L100", "ori a1, a0, L100"}), {"(set! a1 L100)"},
             {{"a1"}}, {{}}, {{"a0"}});
diff --git a/test/test_goos.cpp b/test/test_goos.cpp
index a0346bfa10..d67d65a47e 100644
--- a/test/test_goos.cpp
+++ b/test/test_goos.cpp
@@ -871,7 +871,8 @@ TEST(GoosLib, Desfun) {
 
 TEST(GoosLib, Factorial) {
   Interpreter i;
-  EXPECT_EQ(e(i, "(factorial 10)"), "3628800");
+  // now large numbers are printed as hex.
+  EXPECT_EQ(e(i, "(factorial 10)"), "#x375f00");
 }
 
 TEST(GoosLib, ApplySimple) {