diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index cd4b3d4758..788ef422e1 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -16,9 +16,13 @@ logs/*
 .#*#
 *.pyc
 
+# output from our tools
 *.bin
 *.log
 *.p2s
 savestate-out/
 failures/
 ee-results.json
+
+# game stuff
+game_config/*
diff --git a/decompiler/config/all-types.gc b/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
index e771293649..7350e6135f 100644
--- a/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
+++ b/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
@@ -5228,7 +5228,7 @@
   (another-gray 17)
   (dark-dark-green 18)
   (flat-dark-purple 19)
-  (yellow 20)
+  (flat-yellow 20)
   (blue-white 21)
   (flat-dark-gray 22)
   (flat-gray 23)
@@ -5240,9 +5240,29 @@
   (yellow-orange 29)
   (yellow-green-2 30)
   (another-light-blue 31)
-  (another-default 32)
+  (light-yellow 32)
   (red-orange 33)
   (another-orange-red 34)
+  
+  (red 3)
+  (red2 4)
+  (yellow 5)
+  (green 6)
+  (blue 7)
+  (cyan 10)
+  (red-reverse 33)
+  (red-obverse 34)
+  )
+
+(defenum font-flags
+  :type uint32
+  :bitfield #t
+  (shadow 0)
+  (kerning 1)
+  (middle 2)
+  (left 3)
+  (right 4)
+  (large 5)
   )
 
 (deftype font-context (basic)
@@ -5254,7 +5274,7 @@
    (context-vec vector :inline :offset 48) ;; added
    (color      font-color     :offset-assert 64)
    (color-s32  int32          :offset 64) ;; added for asm
-   (flags      uint32         :offset-assert 72)
+   (flags      font-flags         :offset-assert 72)
    (flags-signed int32        :offset        72) ;; added for asm
    (mat        matrix         :offset-assert 76)
    (start-line uint32         :offset-assert 80)
@@ -5264,7 +5284,7 @@
   :size-assert         #x58
   :flag-assert         #x1400000058
   (:methods
-    (new (symbol type matrix int int float font-color uint) _type_ 0)
+    (new (symbol type matrix int int float font-color font-flags) _type_ 0)
     (set-mat! (font-context matrix) font-context 9)
     (set-origin! (font-context int int) font-context 10)
     (set-depth! (font-context int) font-context 11)
@@ -5273,7 +5293,7 @@
     (set-height! (font-context int) font-context 14)
     (set-projection! (font-context float) font-context 15)
     (set-color! (font-context font-color) font-context 16)
-    (set-flags! (font-context uint) font-context 17)
+    (set-flags! (font-context font-flags) font-context 17)
     (set-start-line! (font-context uint) font-context 18)
     (set-scale! (font-context float) font-context 19)
     )
@@ -5315,7 +5335,7 @@
    (buf                basic                  :offset-assert 3024)
    (str-ptr            uint32                 :offset-assert 3028)
    (str-ptr-signed     (pointer uint8)                  :offset 3028) ;; added
-   (flags              uint32                 :offset-assert 3032)
+   (flags              font-flags                 :offset-assert 3032)
    (flags-signed       int32                  :offset 3032) ;; added
    (reg-save           uint32        5       :offset-assert 3036)
    )
@@ -5368,7 +5388,7 @@
 (define-extern set-display-env (function display-env int int int int int int display-env))
 (define-extern set-draw-env (function draw-env int int int int int int draw-env))
 (define-extern get-video-mode (function symbol))
-(define-extern draw-string-xy (function string dma-buffer int int font-color int none))
+(define-extern draw-string-xy (function string dma-buffer int int font-color font-flags none))
 (define-extern set-draw-env-offset (function draw-env int int int draw-env))
 (define-extern put-display-alpha-env (function display-env none))
 (define-extern set-display2 (function display int int int int int display))
diff --git a/game/CMakeLists.txt b/game/CMakeLists.txt
index 01b51fad71..799179e797 100644
--- a/game/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/game/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ set(RUNTIME_SOURCE
         system/IOP_Kernel.cpp
         system/iop_thread.cpp
         system/Deci2Server.cpp
+        system/newpad.cpp
         sce/libcdvd_ee.cpp
         sce/libscf.cpp
         sce/libdma.cpp
diff --git a/game/common/file_paths.h b/game/common/file_paths.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4bdb56571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/common/file_paths.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/*!
+ * @file file_paths.h
+ * File names and directories for user config files.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+static const std::string GAME_CONFIG_DIR_NAME = "game_config";
+
+static const std::string SETTINGS_GFX_FILE_NAME = "SETTINGS_GFX.CFG";
diff --git a/game/graphics/display.cpp b/game/graphics/display.cpp
index 273641e2d1..92415402ad 100644
--- a/game/graphics/display.cpp
+++ b/game/graphics/display.cpp
@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@
 
 #include "common/log/log.h"
 
-/* ****************************** */
-/* Internal functions  */
-/* ****************************** */
+/*
+********************************
+* Internal functions
+********************************
+*/
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -28,9 +30,11 @@ void set_main_display(std::shared_ptr<GfxDisplay> display) {
 
 }  // namespace
 
-/* ****************************** */
-/* GfxDisplay  */
-/* ****************************** */
+/*
+********************************
+* GfxDisplay
+********************************
+*/
 
 GfxDisplay::GfxDisplay(GLFWwindow* a_window) {
   set_renderer(GfxPipeline::OpenGL);
@@ -81,9 +85,11 @@ void GfxDisplay::render_graphics() {
   m_renderer->render_display(this);
 }
 
-/* ****************************** */
-/* DISPLAY  */
-/* ****************************** */
+/*
+********************************
+* DISPLAY
+********************************
+*/
 
 namespace Display {
 
@@ -100,7 +106,8 @@ int InitMainDisplay(int width, int height, const char* title, GfxSettings& setti
     return 1;
   }
 
-  auto display = settings.renderer->make_main_display(width, height, title, settings);
+  auto display =
+      Gfx::GetRenderer(settings.renderer)->make_main_display(width, height, title, settings);
   if (display == NULL) {
     lg::error("Failed to make main display.");
     return 1;
@@ -109,6 +116,10 @@ int InitMainDisplay(int width, int height, const char* title, GfxSettings& setti
   return 0;
 }
 
+void KillMainDisplay() {
+  KillDisplay(GetMainDisplay());
+}
+
 void KillDisplay(std::shared_ptr<GfxDisplay> display) {
   // lg::debug("kill display #x{:x}", (uintptr_t)display);
   if (!display->is_active()) {
@@ -118,8 +129,8 @@ void KillDisplay(std::shared_ptr<GfxDisplay> display) {
 
   if (GetMainDisplay() == display) {
     // killing the main display, kill all children displays too!
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < g_displays.size(); ++i) {
-      KillDisplay(g_displays.at(i));
+    while (g_displays.size() > 1) {
+      KillDisplay(g_displays.at(1));
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/game/graphics/display.h b/game/graphics/display.h
index da338e324d..d559ff6df2 100644
--- a/game/graphics/display.h
+++ b/game/graphics/display.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class GfxDisplay {
   void set_renderer(GfxPipeline pipeline);
   void set_window(GLFWwindow* window);
   void set_title(const char* title);
-  const char* get_title() const { return m_title; }
+  const char* title() const { return m_title; }
 
   void render_graphics();
 };
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ extern std::vector<std::shared_ptr<GfxDisplay>> g_displays;
 
 int InitMainDisplay(int width, int height, const char* title, GfxSettings& settings);
 void KillDisplay(std::shared_ptr<GfxDisplay> display);
+void KillMainDisplay();
 
 std::shared_ptr<GfxDisplay> GetMainDisplay();
 
diff --git a/game/graphics/gfx.cpp b/game/graphics/gfx.cpp
index f266554709..882151007c 100644
--- a/game/graphics/gfx.cpp
+++ b/game/graphics/gfx.cpp
@@ -3,37 +3,81 @@
  * Graphics component for the runtime. Abstraction layer for the main graphics routines.
  */
 
-#include "gfx.h"
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <functional>
-#include "common/log/log.h"
-#include "game/runtime.h"
-#include "display.h"
+#include <filesystem>
 
+#include "gfx.h"
+#include "display.h"
 #include "pipelines/opengl.h"
 
+#include "common/symbols.h"
+#include "common/log/log.h"
+#include "common/util/FileUtil.h"
+#include "game/common/file_paths.h"
+#include "game/kernel/kscheme.h"
+#include "game/runtime.h"
+#include "game/system/newpad.h"
+
 namespace {
 
 // initializes a gfx settings.
 // TODO save and load from file
 void InitSettings(GfxSettings& settings) {
+  // set the current settings version
+  settings.version = GfxSettings::CURRENT_VERSION;
+
   // use opengl by default for now
-  settings.renderer = Gfx::GetRenderer(GfxPipeline::OpenGL);  // Gfx::renderers[0];
+  settings.renderer = GfxPipeline::OpenGL;  // Gfx::renderers[0];
 
   // 1 screen update per frame
   settings.vsync = 1;
 
-  return;
+  // debug for now
+  settings.debug = true;
+
+  // use buffered input mode
+  settings.pad_mapping_info.buffer_mode = true;
+  // debug input settings
+  settings.pad_mapping_info.debug = true;
+  // use a default mapping
+  Pad::DefaultMapping(settings.pad_mapping_info);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 namespace Gfx {
 
-GfxVertex g_vertices_temp[VERTEX_BUFFER_LENGTH_TEMP];
-
 GfxSettings g_settings;
 // const std::vector<const GfxRendererModule*> renderers = {&moduleOpenGL};
 
+void LoadSettings() {
+  const auto filename = file_util::get_file_path({GAME_CONFIG_DIR_NAME, SETTINGS_GFX_FILE_NAME});
+  if (std::filesystem::exists(filename)) {
+    FILE* fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "rb");
+    u64 version;
+    fread(&version, sizeof(u64), 1, fp);
+    if (version == GfxSettings::CURRENT_VERSION) {
+      fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
+      fread(&g_settings, sizeof(GfxSettings), 1, fp);
+      lg::info("Loaded gfx settings.");
+    } else {
+      // TODO upgrade func
+      lg::info("Detected gfx settings from old version. Ignoring.");
+    }
+    fclose(fp);
+  }
+}
+
+void SaveSettings() {
+  const auto filename = file_util::get_file_path({GAME_CONFIG_DIR_NAME, SETTINGS_GFX_FILE_NAME});
+  file_util::create_dir_if_needed(file_util::get_file_path({GAME_CONFIG_DIR_NAME}));
+  FILE* fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "wb");
+  fwrite(&g_settings, sizeof(GfxSettings), 1, fp);
+  fclose(fp);
+  lg::info("Saved gfx settings.");
+}
+
 const GfxRendererModule* GetRenderer(GfxPipeline pipeline) {
   switch (pipeline) {
     case GfxPipeline::Invalid:
@@ -48,12 +92,20 @@ const GfxRendererModule* GetRenderer(GfxPipeline pipeline) {
   }
 }
 
+const GfxRendererModule* GetCurrentRenderer() {
+  return GetRenderer(g_settings.renderer);
+}
+
 u32 Init() {
   lg::info("GFX Init");
   // initialize settings
   InitSettings(g_settings);
+  // guarantee we have no keys detected by pad
+  Pad::ForceClearKeys();
 
-  if (g_settings.renderer->init()) {
+  LoadSettings();
+
+  if (GetCurrentRenderer()->init(g_settings)) {
     lg::error("Gfx::Init error");
     return 1;
   }
@@ -70,6 +122,9 @@ u32 Init() {
 void Loop(std::function<bool()> f) {
   lg::info("GFX Loop");
   while (f()) {
+    // clean the inputs
+    Pad::ClearKeys();
+
     // check if we have a display
     if (Display::GetMainDisplay()) {
       // lg::debug("run display");
@@ -80,35 +135,70 @@ void Loop(std::function<bool()> f) {
 
 u32 Exit() {
   lg::info("GFX Exit");
-  Display::KillDisplay(Display::GetMainDisplay());
-  g_settings.renderer->exit();
+  Display::KillMainDisplay();
+  GetCurrentRenderer()->exit();
   return 0;
 }
 
 u32 vsync() {
-  return g_settings.renderer->vsync();
+  return GetCurrentRenderer()->vsync();
 }
 
 u32 sync_path() {
-  return g_settings.renderer->sync_path();
+  return GetCurrentRenderer()->sync_path();
 }
 
 void send_chain(const void* data, u32 offset) {
-  if (g_settings.renderer) {
-    g_settings.renderer->send_chain(data, offset);
+  if (GetCurrentRenderer()) {
+    GetCurrentRenderer()->send_chain(data, offset);
   }
 }
 
 void texture_upload_now(const u8* tpage, int mode, u32 s7_ptr) {
-  if (g_settings.renderer) {
-    g_settings.renderer->texture_upload_now(tpage, mode, s7_ptr);
+  if (GetCurrentRenderer()) {
+    GetCurrentRenderer()->texture_upload_now(tpage, mode, s7_ptr);
   }
 }
 
 void texture_relocate(u32 destination, u32 source, u32 format) {
-  if (g_settings.renderer) {
-    g_settings.renderer->texture_relocate(destination, source, format);
+  if (GetCurrentRenderer()) {
+    GetCurrentRenderer()->texture_relocate(destination, source, format);
   }
 }
 
+void poll_events() {
+  GetCurrentRenderer()->poll_events();
+}
+
+void input_mode_set(u32 enable) {
+  if (enable == s7.offset + FIX_SYM_TRUE) {  // #t
+    Pad::EnterInputMode();
+  } else {
+    Pad::ExitInputMode(enable != s7.offset);  // use #f for graceful exit, or 'canceled for abrupt
+  }
+}
+
+void input_mode_save() {
+  if (Pad::input_mode_get() == (u64)Pad::InputModeStatus::Enabled) {
+    lg::error("Can't save controller mapping while mapping controller.");
+  } else if (Pad::input_mode_get() == (u64)Pad::InputModeStatus::Disabled) {
+    g_settings.pad_mapping_info_backup = g_settings.pad_mapping_info;  // copy to backup
+    g_settings.pad_mapping_info = Pad::g_input_mode_mapping;           // set current mapping
+
+    SaveSettings();
+  }
+}
+
+s64 get_mapped_button(s64 pad, s64 button) {
+  if (pad < 0 || pad > Pad::CONTROLLER_COUNT || button < 0 || button > 16) {
+    lg::error("Invalid parameters to get_mapped_button({}, {})", pad, button);
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return (s64)g_settings.pad_mapping_info.pad_mapping[pad][button];
+}
+
+int PadIsPressed(Pad::Button button, int port) {
+  return Pad::IsPressed(g_settings.pad_mapping_info, button, port);
+}
+
 }  // namespace Gfx
diff --git a/game/graphics/gfx.h b/game/graphics/gfx.h
index 985ed182c3..dddff5445c 100644
--- a/game/graphics/gfx.h
+++ b/game/graphics/gfx.h
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
+
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "game/kernel/kboot.h"
+#include "game/system/newpad.h"
 
 // forward declarations
 struct GfxSettings;
@@ -19,17 +21,18 @@ enum class GfxPipeline { Invalid = 0, OpenGL };
 
 // module for the different rendering pipelines
 struct GfxRendererModule {
-  std::function<int()> init;
+  std::function<int(GfxSettings&)> init;
   std::function<std::shared_ptr<GfxDisplay>(int w, int h, const char* title, GfxSettings& settings)>
       make_main_display;
-  std::function<void(GfxDisplay* display)> kill_display;
-  std::function<void(GfxDisplay* display)> render_display;
+  std::function<void(GfxDisplay*)> kill_display;
+  std::function<void(GfxDisplay*)> render_display;
   std::function<void()> exit;
   std::function<u32()> vsync;
   std::function<u32()> sync_path;
   std::function<void(const void*, u32)> send_chain;
   std::function<void(const u8*, int, u32)> texture_upload_now;
   std::function<void(u32, u32, u32)> texture_relocate;
+  std::function<void()> poll_events;
 
   GfxPipeline pipeline;
   const char* name;
@@ -37,30 +40,25 @@ struct GfxRendererModule {
 
 // store settings related to the gfx systems
 struct GfxSettings {
-  const GfxRendererModule* renderer;  // which rendering pipeline to use.
+  // current version of the settings. this should be set up so that newer versions are always higher
+  // than older versions
+  // increment this whenever you change this struct.
+  // there's probably a smarter way to do this (automatically deduce size etc.)
+  static constexpr u64 CURRENT_VERSION = 0x0000'0000'0004'0001;
 
-  int vsync;  // (temp) number of screen update per frame
-};
+  u64 version;  // the version of this settings struct. MUST ALWAYS BE THE FIRST THING!
 
-// struct for a single vertex. this should in theory be renderer-agnostic
-struct GfxVertex {
-  // x y z
-  float x, y, z;
+  Pad::MappingInfo pad_mapping_info;         // button mapping
+  Pad::MappingInfo pad_mapping_info_backup;  // button mapping backup (see newpad.h)
 
-  // rgba or the full u32 thing.
-  union {
-    u32 rgba;
-    struct {
-      u8 r, g, b, a;
-    };
-  };
+  int vsync;   // (temp) number of screen update per frame
+  bool debug;  // graphics debugging
+
+  GfxPipeline renderer;  // which rendering pipeline to use.
 };
 
 namespace Gfx {
 
-static constexpr int VERTEX_BUFFER_LENGTH_TEMP = 4096;
-extern GfxVertex g_vertices_temp[VERTEX_BUFFER_LENGTH_TEMP];
-
 extern GfxSettings g_settings;
 // extern const std::vector<const GfxRendererModule*> renderers;
 
@@ -75,5 +73,11 @@ u32 sync_path();
 void send_chain(const void* data, u32 offset);
 void texture_upload_now(const u8* tpage, int mode, u32 s7_ptr);
 void texture_relocate(u32 destination, u32 source, u32 format);
+void poll_events();
+void input_mode_set(u32 enable);
+void input_mode_save();
+s64 get_mapped_button(s64 pad, s64 button);
+
+int PadIsPressed(Pad::Button button, int port);
 
 }  // namespace Gfx
diff --git a/game/graphics/pipelines/opengl.cpp b/game/graphics/pipelines/opengl.cpp
index 6fbc44b28d..0df53ec068 100644
--- a/game/graphics/pipelines/opengl.cpp
+++ b/game/graphics/pipelines/opengl.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "game/graphics/opengl_renderer/OpenGLRenderer.h"
 #include "game/graphics/texture/TexturePool.h"
 #include "game/graphics/dma/dma_copy.h"
+#include "game/system/newpad.h"
 #include "common/log/log.h"
 #include "common/goal_constants.h"
 #include "game/runtime.h"
@@ -49,9 +50,11 @@ std::unique_ptr<GraphicsData> g_gfx_data;
 void SetDisplayCallbacks(GLFWwindow* d) {
   glfwSetKeyCallback(d, [](GLFWwindow* /*window*/, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods) {
     if (action == GlfwKeyAction::Press) {
-      lg::debug("KEY PRESS:   key: {} scancode: {} mods: {:X}", key, scancode, mods);
+      // lg::debug("KEY PRESS:   key: {} scancode: {} mods: {:X}", key, scancode, mods);
+      Pad::OnKeyPress(key);
     } else if (action == GlfwKeyAction::Release) {
-      lg::debug("KEY RELEASE: key: {} scancode: {} mods: {:X}", key, scancode, mods);
+      // lg::debug("KEY RELEASE: key: {} scancode: {} mods: {:X}", key, scancode, mods);
+      Pad::OnKeyRelease(key);
     }
   });
 }
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ bool HasError() {
 }  // namespace
 
 static bool gl_inited = false;
-static int gl_init() {
+static int gl_init(GfxSettings& settings) {
   if (glfwSetErrorCallback(ErrorCallback) != NULL) {
     lg::warn("glfwSetErrorCallback has been re-set!");
   }
@@ -77,11 +80,16 @@ static int gl_init() {
     return 1;
   }
 
-  // request Debug OpenGL 3.3 Core
+  // request an OpenGL 3.3 Core context
   glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);  // 3.3
   glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
-  // glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT, GLFW_TRUE);           // debug
   glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);  // core profile, not compat
+  // debug check
+  if (settings.debug) {
+    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT, GLFW_TRUE);
+  } else {
+    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT, GLFW_FALSE);
+  }
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -137,6 +145,9 @@ static void gl_kill_display(GfxDisplay* display) {
 static void gl_render_display(GfxDisplay* display) {
   GLFWwindow* window = display->window_glfw;
 
+  // poll events
+  glfwPollEvents();
+
   glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
 
   // wait for a copied chain.
@@ -174,10 +185,9 @@ static void gl_render_display(GfxDisplay* display) {
   {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(g_gfx_data->sync_mutex);
     g_gfx_data->frame_idx++;
+
     g_gfx_data->sync_cv.notify_all();
   }
-  // poll events TODO integrate input with cpad
-  glfwPollEvents();
 
   // exit if display window was closed
   if (glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
@@ -263,6 +273,10 @@ void gl_texture_relocate(u32 destination, u32 source, u32 format) {
   }
 }
 
+void gl_poll_events() {
+  glfwPollEvents();
+}
+
 const GfxRendererModule moduleOpenGL = {
     gl_init,                // init
     gl_make_main_display,   // make_main_display
@@ -274,6 +288,7 @@ const GfxRendererModule moduleOpenGL = {
     gl_send_chain,          // send_chain
     gl_texture_upload_now,  // texture_upload_now
     gl_texture_relocate,    // texture_relocate
+    gl_poll_events,         // poll_events
     GfxPipeline::OpenGL,    // pipeline
-    "OpenGL 3.0"            // name
+    "OpenGL 3.3"            // name
 };
diff --git a/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp b/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp
index 7743d90e5e..5818860635 100644
--- a/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp
+++ b/game/kernel/kmachine.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "game/graphics/dma/dma_copy.h"
 
 #include "game/system/vm/vm.h"
+#include "game/system/newpad.h"
 using namespace ee;
 
 /*!
@@ -409,27 +410,127 @@ void CacheFlush(void* mem, int size) {
  * Prints an error if it fails to open.
  */
 u64 CPadOpen(u64 cpad_info, s32 pad_number) {
-  auto info = Ptr<CpadInfo>(cpad_info).c();
-  if (info->cpad_file == 0) {
+  auto cpad = Ptr<CPadInfo>(cpad_info).c();
+  if (cpad->cpad_file == 0) {
     // not open, so we will open it
-    info->cpad_file =
+    cpad->cpad_file =
         ee::scePadPortOpen(pad_number, 0, pad_dma_buf + pad_number * SCE_PAD_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
-    if (info->cpad_file < 1) {
-      MsgErr("dkernel: !open cpad #%d (%d)\n", pad_number, info->cpad_file);
+    if (cpad->cpad_file < 1) {
+      MsgErr("dkernel: !open cpad #%d (%d)\n", pad_number, cpad->cpad_file);
     }
-    info->new_pad = 1;
-    info->state = 0;
+    cpad->new_pad = 1;
+    cpad->state = 0;
   }
   return cpad_info;
 }
 
-// TODO CPadGetData
-void CPadGetData() {
-  static bool warned = false;
-  if (!warned) {
-    lg::warn("ignoring calls to CPadGetData");
-    warned = true;
+u64 CPadGetData(u64 cpad_info) {
+  auto cpad = Ptr<CPadInfo>(cpad_info).c();
+  auto pad_state = scePadGetState(cpad->number, 0);
+  if (pad_state == scePadStateDiscon) {
+    cpad->state = 0;
   }
+  cpad->valid = pad_state | 0x80;
+  switch (cpad->state) {
+    // case 99: // functional
+    default:  // controller is functioning as normal
+      if (pad_state == scePadStateStable || pad_state == scePadStateFindCTP1) {
+        scePadRead(cpad->number, 0, (u8*)cpad);
+        // ps2 controllers would send an enabled bit if the button was NOT pressed, but we don't do
+        // that here. removed code that flipped the bits.
+
+        if (cpad->change_time != 0) {
+          scePadSetActDirect(cpad->number, 0, cpad->direct);
+        }
+        cpad->valid = pad_state;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 0:  // unavailable
+      if (pad_state == scePadStateStable || pad_state == scePadStateFindCTP1) {
+        auto pad_mode = scePadInfoMode(cpad->number, 0, InfoModeCurID, 0);
+        if (pad_mode != 0) {
+          auto vibration_mode = scePadInfoMode(cpad->number, 0, InfoModeCurExID, 0);
+          if (vibration_mode > 0) {
+            // vibration supported
+            pad_mode = vibration_mode;
+          }
+          if (pad_mode == 4) {
+            // controller mode
+            cpad->state = 40;
+          } else if (pad_mode == 7) {
+            // dualshock mode
+            cpad->state = 70;
+          } else {
+            // who knows mode
+            cpad->state = 90;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case 40:  // controller mode - check for extra modes
+      cpad->change_time = 0;
+      if (scePadInfoMode(cpad->number, 0, InfoModeIdTable, -1) == 0) {
+        // no controller modes
+        cpad->state = 90;
+        return cpad_info;
+      }
+      cpad->state = 41;
+    case 41:  // controller mode - change to dualshock mode!
+      // try to enter the 2nd controller mode (dualshock for ds2's)
+      if (scePadSetMainMode(cpad->number, 0, 1, 3) == 1) {
+        cpad->state = 42;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 42:  // controller mode change check
+      if (scePadGetReqState(cpad->number, 0) == scePadReqStateFailed) {
+        // failed to change to DS2
+        cpad->state = 41;
+      }
+      if (scePadGetReqState(cpad->number, 0) == scePadReqStateComplete) {
+        // change successful. go back to the beginning.
+        cpad->state = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 70:  // dualshock mode - check vibration
+      // get number of actuators (2 for DS2)
+      if (scePadInfoAct(cpad->number, 0, -1, 0) < 1) {
+        // no actuators means no vibration. skip to end!
+        cpad->change_time = 0;
+        cpad->state = 99;
+      } else {
+        // we have actuators to use.
+        cpad->change_time = 1;  // remember to update vibration.
+        cpad->state = 75;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 75:  // set actuator vib param info
+      if (scePadSetActAlign(cpad->number, 0, cpad->align) != 0) {
+        if (scePadInfoPressMode(cpad->number, 0) == 1) {
+          // pressure buttons supported
+          cpad->state = 76;
+        } else {
+          // no pressure buttons, done with controller setup
+          cpad->state = 99;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case 76:  // enter pressure mode
+      if (scePadEnterPressMode(cpad->number, 0) == 1) {
+        cpad->state = 78;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 78:  // pressure mode request check
+      if (scePadGetReqState(cpad->number, 0) == scePadReqStateFailed) {
+        cpad->state = 76;
+      }
+      if (scePadGetReqState(cpad->number, 0) == scePadReqStateComplete) {
+        cpad->state = 99;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 90:
+      break;  // unsupported controller. too bad!
+  }
+  return cpad_info;
 }
 
 // TODO InstallHandler
@@ -614,6 +715,20 @@ void InitMachine_PCPort() {
   make_function_symbol_from_c("__send-gfx-dma-chain", (void*)send_gfx_dma_chain);
   make_function_symbol_from_c("__pc-texture-upload-now", (void*)pc_texture_upload_now);
   make_function_symbol_from_c("__pc-texture-relocate", (void*)pc_texture_relocate);
+
+  // pad stuff
+  make_function_symbol_from_c("pc-pad-get-mapped-button", (void*)Gfx::get_mapped_button);
+  make_function_symbol_from_c("pc-pad-input-map-save!", (void*)Gfx::input_mode_save);
+  make_function_symbol_from_c("pc-pad-input-mode-set", (void*)Gfx::input_mode_set);
+  make_function_symbol_from_c("pc-pad-input-mode-get", (void*)Pad::input_mode_get);
+  make_function_symbol_from_c("pc-pad-input-key-get", (void*)Pad::input_mode_get_key);
+  make_function_symbol_from_c("pc-pad-input-index-get", (void*)Pad::input_mode_get_index);
+
+  // init ps2 VM
+  if (VM::use) {
+    make_function_symbol_from_c("vm-ptr", (void*)VM::get_vm_ptr);
+    VM::vm_init();
+  }
 }
 
 void vif_interrupt_callback() {
diff --git a/game/kernel/kmachine.h b/game/kernel/kmachine.h
index 6056c95e1f..092f8696b3 100644
--- a/game/kernel/kmachine.h
+++ b/game/kernel/kmachine.h
@@ -89,21 +89,33 @@ void CacheFlush(void* mem, int size);
 void InitMachineScheme();
 
 //! Mirror of cpad-info
-struct CpadInfo {
+struct CPadInfo {
   u8 valid;
   u8 status;
-  s16 button0;
-  u8 rx;
-  u8 ry;
-  u8 lx;
-  u8 ly;
+  u16 button0;
+  u8 rightx;
+  u8 righty;
+  u8 leftx;
+  u8 lefty;
   u8 abutton[12];
   u8 dummy[12];
   s32 number;
   s32 cpad_file;
-  u8 _pad0[36];
+  u32 button0_abs[3];
+  u32 button0_shadow_abs[1];
+  u32 button0_rel[3];
+  float stick0_dir;
+  float stick0_speed;
   s32 new_pad;
   s32 state;
+  u8 align[6];
+  u8 direct[6];
+  u8 buzz_val[2];
+  u8 __pad[2];
+  u64 buzz_time[2];
+  u32 buzz;
+  s32 buzz_act;
+  s32 change_time;  // actually u64 in goal!
 };
 
 struct FileStream {
diff --git a/game/kernel/kscheme.cpp b/game/kernel/kscheme.cpp
index b6084d79a4..3e1d29ccfa 100644
--- a/game/kernel/kscheme.cpp
+++ b/game/kernel/kscheme.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include "common/log/log.h"
 #include "common/util/Timer.h"
 
-#include "game/system/vm/vm.h"
-
 //! Controls link mode when EnableMethodSet = 0, MasterDebug = 1, DiskBoot = 0. Will enable a
 //! warning message if EnableMethodSet = 1
 u32 FastLink;
@@ -1966,12 +1964,6 @@ s32 InitHeapAndSymbol() {
   // set *boot-video-mode*
   intern_from_c("*boot-video-mode*")->value = 0;
 
-  // OpenGOAL only - init ps2 VM
-  if (VM::use) {
-    make_function_symbol_from_c("vm-ptr", (void*)VM::get_vm_ptr);
-    VM::vm_init();
-  }
-
   lg::info("Initialized GOAL heap in {:.2} ms", heap_init_timer.getMs());
   // load the kernel!
   // todo, remove MasterUseKernel
diff --git a/game/sce/libcdvd_ee.h b/game/sce/libcdvd_ee.h
index 1fea511f7c..21b03278d1 100644
--- a/game/sce/libcdvd_ee.h
+++ b/game/sce/libcdvd_ee.h
@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
  * Stub implementation of the EE CD/DVD library
  */
 
-#ifndef JAK1_LIBCDVD_EE_H
-#define JAK1_LIBCDVD_EE_H
-
 // for sceCdInit
 #define SCECdINIT 0x00
 
@@ -34,5 +31,3 @@ int sceCdMmode(int media);
 int sceCdDiskReady(int mode);
 int sceCdGetDiskType();
 }  // namespace ee
-
-#endif  // JAK1_LIBCDVD_EE_H
diff --git a/game/sce/libpad.cpp b/game/sce/libpad.cpp
index a263bb7028..fb5a0fe1de 100644
--- a/game/sce/libpad.cpp
+++ b/game/sce/libpad.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 #include "common/util/assert.h"
 #include "libpad.h"
 
+#include "game/kernel/kmachine.h"
+#include "game/graphics/gfx.h"
+
+/*!
+ * @file libpad.cpp
+ * Stub implementation of the EE pad (controller) library
+ */
+
 namespace ee {
+
 int scePadPortOpen(int port, int slot, void*) {
   // we are expected to return a non-zero file descriptor.
   // we return the port + 1 and succeed always.
@@ -9,4 +18,116 @@ int scePadPortOpen(int port, int slot, void*) {
   assert(slot == 0);
   return port + 1;
 }
+
+int scePadGetState(int port, int slot) {
+  // pretend we always have a controller connected
+  return scePadStateStable;
+}
+
+// controller mode array for DS2s
+// the game will try very hard to force into dualshock mode so let's not even try
+static const int libpad_DualShock2_ModeIDs[2] = {
+    (int)PadMode::Controller,  // no vibration or pressure sensitive buttons
+    (int)PadMode::DualShock2   // vibration + pressure sensitive buttons
+};
+int scePadInfoMode(int port, int slot, int term, int offs) {
+  if (term == InfoModeCurExID) {
+    // return vibration mode ID. that's just dualshock mode.
+    return libpad_DualShock2_ModeIDs[1];
+
+  } else if (term == InfoModeCurID) {
+    // return mode ID. just dualshock.
+    return libpad_DualShock2_ModeIDs[1];
+
+  } else if (term == InfoModeCurExOffs) {
+    // offset of current mode ID
+    return 1;
+
+  } else if (term == InfoModeIdTable) {
+    if (offs == -1)
+      return 2;
+
+    return libpad_DualShock2_ModeIDs[offs];  // ?
+  }
+
+  // invalid controller or some other error
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// order of pressure sensitive buttons in memory (not the same as their bit order...).
+static const Pad::Button libpad_PadPressureButtons[] = {
+    Pad::Button::Right,    Pad::Button::Left,   Pad::Button::Up, Pad::Button::Down,
+    Pad::Button::Triangle, Pad::Button::Circle, Pad::Button::X,  Pad::Button::Square,
+    Pad::Button::L1,       Pad::Button::R1,     Pad::Button::L2, Pad::Button::R2};
+// reads controller data and writes it to a buffer in rdata (must be at least 32 bytes large).
+// returns buffer size (32) or 0 on error.
+int scePadRead(int port, int slot, u8* rdata) {
+  auto cpad = (CPadInfo*)(rdata);
+  Gfx::poll_events();
+
+  cpad->valid = 0;  // success
+
+  cpad->status = 0x70 /* (dualshock2) */ | (20 / 2); /* (dualshock2 data size) */
+
+  cpad->rightx = 0;
+  cpad->righty = 0;
+  cpad->leftx = 0;
+  cpad->lefty = 0;
+
+  // pressure sensitivity. ignore for now.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i) {
+    cpad->abutton[i] = Gfx::PadIsPressed(libpad_PadPressureButtons[i], port) * 255;
+  }
+
+  cpad->button0 = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+    cpad->button0 |= Gfx::PadIsPressed((Pad::Button)i, port) << i;
+  }
+
+  return 32;
+}
+
+// buzzer control. We don't care right now, return success.
+int scePadSetActDirect(int port, int slot, const u8* data) {
+  return 1;
+}
+int scePadSetActAlign(int port, int slot, const u8* data) {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+// we also don't care
+int scePadSetMainMode(int port, int slot, int offs, int lock) {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+// async pad functions are gonna be synchronous so this always succeeds
+int scePadGetReqState(int port, int slot) {
+  return scePadReqStateComplete;
+}
+
+int scePadInfoAct(int port, int slot, int actno, int term) {
+  if (actno == -1)
+    return 2;  // i think?
+  if (actno < 2) {
+    if (term == InfoActSub) {
+      return 1;  // whatever
+    } else if (term == InfoActFunc) {
+      return 1;  // whatever
+    } else if (term == InfoActSize) {
+      return 0;  // whatever
+    } else if (term == InfoActCurr) {
+      return 1;  // whatever
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int scePadInfoPressMode(int port, int slot) {
+  return 0;  // we do NOT support pressure sensitive buttons right now
+}
+
+int scePadEnterPressMode(int port, int slot) {
+  return 1;  // we dont support pressure button, but if we did this would work straight away
+}
+
 }  // namespace ee
diff --git a/game/sce/libpad.h b/game/sce/libpad.h
index a2c80f60b7..5574da73cb 100644
--- a/game/sce/libpad.h
+++ b/game/sce/libpad.h
@@ -1,7 +1,62 @@
 #pragma once
 
+/*!
+ * @file libpad.h
+ * Stub implementation of the EE pad (controller) library
+ */
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
 #define SCE_PAD_DMA_BUFFER_SIZE 0x100
 
+// pad status
+#define scePadStateDiscon 0
+#define scePadStateFindPad 1
+#define scePadStateFindCTP1 2
+#define scePadStateExecCmd 5
+#define scePadStateStable 6
+#define scePadStateError 7
+#define scePadStateClosed 99
+
+// pad mode info checks
+#define InfoModeCurID 1
+#define InfoModeCurExID 2
+#define InfoModeCurExOffs 3
+#define InfoModeIdTable 4
+
+// pad async request states
+#define scePadReqStateComplete 0
+#define scePadReqStateFaild 1  // lol
+#define scePadReqStateFailed 1
+#define scePadReqStateBusy 2
+
+// pad actuator info checks
+#define InfoActFunc 1
+#define InfoActSub 2
+#define InfoActSize 3
+#define InfoActCurr 4
+
 namespace ee {
+
+// controller modes (not in the lib)
+enum PadMode {
+  Controller = 4,
+  DualShock = 7,
+  DualShock2 = DualShock,
+  NeGcon = 2,
+  Joystick = 5,
+  NamcoGun = 6
+};
+
 int scePadPortOpen(int port, int slot, void* data);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+int scePadGetState(int port, int slot);
+int scePadInfoMode(int port, int slot, int term, int offs);
+int scePadRead(int port, int slot, u8* rdata);
+int scePadSetActDirect(int port, int slot, const u8* data);
+int scePadSetActAlign(int port, int slot, const u8* data);
+int scePadSetMainMode(int port, int slot, int offs, int lock);
+int scePadGetReqState(int port, int slot);
+int scePadInfoAct(int port, int slot, int actno, int term);
+int scePadInfoPressMode(int port, int slot);
+int scePadEnterPressMode(int port, int slot);
+}  // namespace ee
diff --git a/game/system/newpad.cpp b/game/system/newpad.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..463c0b8407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/system/newpad.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*!
+ * @file newpad.cpp
+ * PC-port specific cpad implementation on the C kernel. Monitors button inputs.
+ * Actual input detection is done through window events and is gfx pipeline-dependent.
+ */
+
+#include "newpad.h"
+#include "common/log/log.h"
+
+#include "game/graphics/pipelines/opengl.h"  // for GLFW macros
+#include "game/kernel/kscheme.h"
+
+namespace Pad {
+
+/*
+********************************
+* Key checking
+********************************
+*/
+
+std::unordered_map<int, int> g_key_status;
+std::unordered_map<int, int> g_buffered_key_status;
+
+// input mode for controller mapping
+InputModeStatus input_mode = InputModeStatus::Disabled;
+u64 input_mode_pad = 0;
+u64 input_mode_key = -1;
+u64 input_mode_mod = 0;
+u64 input_mode_index = 0;
+MappingInfo g_input_mode_mapping;
+
+void ForceClearKeys() {
+  g_key_status.clear();
+  g_buffered_key_status.clear();
+}
+
+void ClearKeys() {
+  g_buffered_key_status.clear();
+  for (auto& key : g_key_status) {
+    g_buffered_key_status.insert(std::make_pair(key.first, key.second));
+  }
+}
+
+void OnKeyPress(int key) {
+  if (input_mode == InputModeStatus::Enabled) {
+    if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) {
+      ExitInputMode(true);
+      return;
+    }
+    input_mode_key = key;
+    MapButton(g_input_mode_mapping, (Button)(input_mode_index++), input_mode_pad, key);
+    if (input_mode_index >= (u64)Button::Max) {
+      ExitInputMode(false);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  // set absolute key status
+  if (g_key_status.find(key) == g_key_status.end()) {
+    g_key_status.insert(std::make_pair(key, 1));
+  } else {
+    g_key_status.at(key) = 1;
+  }
+
+  // set buffered key status
+  if (g_buffered_key_status.find(key) == g_buffered_key_status.end()) {
+    g_buffered_key_status.insert(std::make_pair(key, 1));
+  } else {
+    g_buffered_key_status.at(key) = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+void OnKeyRelease(int key) {
+  if (input_mode == InputModeStatus::Enabled) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // if we come out of input mode, the key wont be found.
+  if (g_key_status.find(key) == g_key_status.end()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // set absolute key status
+  g_key_status.at(key) = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+********************************
+* Pad checking
+********************************
+*/
+
+static int CheckPadIdx(int pad) {
+  if (pad < 0 || pad > CONTROLLER_COUNT) {
+    lg::error("Invalid pad {}, returning pad 0", pad);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// returns 1 if button is pressed. returns 0 if invalid or not pressed.
+int IsPressed(MappingInfo& mapping, Button button, int pad = 0) {
+  auto key = mapping.pad_mapping[CheckPadIdx(pad)][(int)button];
+  if (key == -1)
+    return 0;
+  auto& keymap = mapping.buffer_mode ? g_buffered_key_status : g_key_status;
+  if (keymap.find(key) == keymap.end())
+    return 0;
+  return keymap.at(key);
+}
+
+// map a button on a pad to a key
+void MapButton(MappingInfo& mapping, Button button, int pad, int key) {
+  // check if pad is valid. dont map buttons with invalid pads.
+  if (CheckPadIdx(pad) != pad)
+    return;
+
+  mapping.pad_mapping[pad][(int)button] = key;
+}
+
+// reset button mappings
+void DefaultMapping(MappingInfo& mapping) {
+  // make every button invalid
+  for (int p = 0; p < CONTROLLER_COUNT; ++p) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)Button::Max; ++i) {
+      MapButton(mapping, (Button)i, p, -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // face buttons
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Ecks, 0, GLFW_KEY_Z);
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Square, 0, GLFW_KEY_X);
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Triangle, 0, GLFW_KEY_S);
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Circle, 0, GLFW_KEY_A);
+
+  // dpad
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Up, 0, GLFW_KEY_UP);
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Right, 0, GLFW_KEY_RIGHT);
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Down, 0, GLFW_KEY_DOWN);
+  MapButton(mapping, Button::Left, 0, GLFW_KEY_LEFT);
+}
+
+void EnterInputMode() {
+  input_mode = InputModeStatus::Enabled;
+  input_mode_index = 0;
+  input_mode_pad = 0;
+}
+
+void ExitInputMode(bool canceled) {
+  input_mode = canceled ? InputModeStatus::Canceled : InputModeStatus::Disabled;
+}
+
+u64 input_mode_get() {
+  return (u64)input_mode;
+}
+
+u64 input_mode_get_key() {
+  return input_mode_key;
+}
+
+u64 input_mode_get_index() {
+  return input_mode_index;
+}
+
+};  // namespace Pad
diff --git a/game/system/newpad.h b/game/system/newpad.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..489e9077c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/system/newpad.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/*!
+ * @file newpad.h
+ * PC-port specific cpad implementation on the C kernel. Monitors button inputs.
+ * Actual input detection is done through window events and is gfx pipeline-dependent.
+ */
+
+/* NOTE ABOUT KEY VALUES!
+ * I am using the renderer-dependent key value macros here (at least for now). This means that the
+ * button mapping may be renderer-dependent. When changing renderers, make sure to backup the
+ * original button mapping or something so that the user can reset it afterwards. Eventually we
+ * should fix this (or maybe it's not even a problem).
+ */
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Pad {
+
+static constexpr int CONTROLLER_COUNT = 2;  // support 2 controllers.
+
+// mirrors goal enum pad-buttons. used as indices to an array!
+enum class Button {
+  Select = 0,
+  L3 = 1,
+  R3 = 2,
+  Start = 3,
+
+  Up = 4,
+  Right = 5,
+  Down = 6,
+  Left = 7,
+
+  L2 = 8,
+  R2 = 9,
+  L1 = 10,
+  R1 = 11,
+
+  Triangle = 12,
+  Circle = 13,
+  X = 14,
+  Square = 15,
+
+  Max = 16,
+
+  // aliases
+  Ecks = X,
+  Cross = X,
+  O = Circle
+};
+
+struct MappingInfo {
+  bool debug = true;        // debug mode
+  bool buffer_mode = true;  // use buffered inputs
+
+  int pad_mapping[CONTROLLER_COUNT][(int)Pad::Button::Max];  // controller button mapping
+  // TODO complex button mapping & key macros (e.g. shift+x for l2+r2 press etc.)
+};
+
+// key-down status of any detected key.
+extern std::unordered_map<int, int> g_key_status;
+// key-down status of any detected key. this is buffered for the remainder of a frame.
+extern std::unordered_map<int, int> g_buffered_key_status;
+
+void OnKeyPress(int key);
+void OnKeyRelease(int key);
+void ForceClearKeys();
+void ClearKeys();
+
+void DefaultMapping(MappingInfo& mapping);
+int IsPressed(MappingInfo& mapping, Button button, int pad);
+void MapButton(MappingInfo& mapping, Button button, int pad, int key);
+
+// this enum is also in pc-pad-utils.gc
+enum class InputModeStatus { Disabled, Enabled, Canceled };
+
+extern MappingInfo g_input_mode_mapping;
+void EnterInputMode();
+void ExitInputMode(bool);
+u64 input_mode_get();
+u64 input_mode_get_key();
+u64 input_mode_get_index();
+
+}  // namespace Pad
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/debug/debug.gc b/goal_src/engine/debug/debug.gc
index ca97504b89..832207c4ed 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/debug/debug.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/debug/debug.gc
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
     (set! (-> pt w) 1.0)
     (when (transform-point-qword! (-> s5-0 vector 0) pt)
 
-      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-7 (current-display-frame debug-buf)) (current-display-frame bucket-group) bucket)
+      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-7 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)) bucket)
     
         (with-cnt-vif-block (v1-7)
             (dma-buffer-add-gif-tag v1-7
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
    'fade, 'fade-depth, or #f.
    second-color can be -1 to just use the same color.
    "
-  (let ((a0-4 (current-display-frame debug-buf)))
+  (let ((a0-4 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)))
     (if (< (the-as uint (shr (+ (&- (-> a0-4 end) (the-as uint (-> a0-4 base))) 15) 4)) (the-as uint #x8000))
         (return (the-as pointer #f))
         )
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
     (when (and (transform-point-qword! (-> s4-0 vector 0) p0)
                (transform-point-qword! (-> s4-0 vector 1) p1)
                )
-      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-28 (current-display-frame debug-buf)) (current-display-frame bucket-group) bucket)
+      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-28 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)) bucket)
         (with-cnt-vif-block (v1-28)
           (dma-buffer-add-gif-tag v1-28 (new 'static 'gif-tag64 :nloop 1 :eop 1 :pre 1 :nreg 4
                                              :prim (gif-prim line))
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
     (set! (-> s2-0 quad) (the-as uint128 0))
     (when (transform-point-qword! (the-as vector4w s2-0) location)
       
-      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s3-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf)) (current-display-frame bucket-group) bucket)
+      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s3-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)) bucket)
         
         (let ((a2-2 (new 'stack 'font-context *font-default-matrix*
                          (+ (+ (-> offset x) -1792) (/ (-> s2-0 x) 16))
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
                             )
                          0.0
                          font-color-id
-                         (the-as uint 3)
+                         (font-flags shadow kerning)
                          )))
           (let ((v1-9 a2-2))
             (set! (-> v1-9 origin z) (the float (/ (-> s2-0 z) 16)))
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
                (transform-point-qword! (-> s5-0 vector 1) p1)
                (transform-point-qword! (-> s5-0 vector 2) p2)
                )
-      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-9 (current-display-frame debug-buf)) (current-display-frame bucket-group) bucket)
+      (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-9 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)) bucket)
 
         (with-cnt-vif-block (v1-9)
           (dma-buffer-add-gif-tag v1-9 (new 'static 'gif-tag64 :nloop 1 :eop 1 :pre 1 :nreg 6 :prim (gif-prim tri))
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@
   (if (not arg0)
    (return #f)
    )
-  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s4-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf)) (current-display-frame bucket-group) arg1)
+  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s4-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)) arg1)
 
     (let ((s2-0 (new 'stack 'vector4w))
           (v1-7 (new 'stack 'vector4w))
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
   (if (not arg0)
    (return #f)
    )
-  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s0-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf)) (current-display-frame bucket-group) arg1)
+  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s0-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)) arg1)
       (draw-sprite2d-xy s0-0 arg2 arg3 255 14 (new 'static 'rgba :a #x40))
       (draw-sprite2d-xy s0-0 arg2 (+ arg3 2) (the int (* 255.0 arg4)) 10 arg5)
       )
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@
    (set! (-> gp-0 0 x) (* (sin (-> arg0 stick0-dir)) (-> arg0 stick0-speed)))
    (set! (-> gp-0 0 y) (* (cos (-> arg0 stick0-dir)) (-> arg0 stick0-speed)))
    (dotimes (s5-1 32)
-    (let* ((s3-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf))
+    (let* ((s3-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
            (s4-0 (-> s3-0 base))
            )
      (draw-sprite2d-xy
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@
        (set! (-> s3-0 base) (&+ (the-as pointer v1-12) 16))
        )
       (dma-bucket-insert-tag
-       (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+       (-> (current-frame) bucket-group)
        (bucket-id debug-draw0)
        s4-0
        (the-as (pointer dma-tag) a3-1)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/debug/menu.gc b/goal_src/engine/debug/menu.gc
index c178378b7d..bd334b1d82 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/debug/menu.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/debug/menu.gc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
    (set! (-> gp-0 root-menu) #f)
    (set! (-> gp-0 joypad-func) #f)
    (set! (-> gp-0 joypad-item) #f)
-   (set! (-> gp-0 font) (new 'debug 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 0 0 0.0 (font-color default) (the-as uint 3)))
+   (set! (-> gp-0 font) (new 'debug 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 0 0 0.0 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow kerning)))
    gp-0
    )
   )
@@ -622,8 +622,7 @@
                                (arg4         (font-color dark-light-blue))
                                (else         (font-color dim-gray))
                                ))
-   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s3-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf))
-                                (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s3-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
                                 (bucket-id debug-draw1))
     (draw-string-adv (-> arg0 name) s3-0 s5-0)
     (draw-string-adv "..." s3-0 s5-0)
@@ -652,8 +651,7 @@
                            )
                           )
     )
-   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s4-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf))
-                                (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s4-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
                                 (bucket-id debug-draw1))
     (draw-string (-> arg0 name) s4-0 v1-2)
     )
@@ -682,8 +680,7 @@
                            )
                           )
     )
-   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s4-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf))
-                                (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s4-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
                                 (bucket-id debug-draw1))
     (draw-string (-> arg0 name) s4-0 v1-2)
     )
@@ -709,8 +706,7 @@
                            )
                           )
     )
-   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s1-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf))
-                                (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s1-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
                                 (bucket-id debug-draw1))
     (draw-string-adv (-> arg0 name) s1-0 s5-0)
     (draw-string-adv ":" s1-0 s5-0)
@@ -783,8 +779,7 @@
     (set! arg2 (- arg2 (* (+ v1-0 -16) 8)))
     )
    )
-  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s0-0 (current-display-frame debug-buf))
-                               (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s0-0 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
                                (bucket-id debug-draw1))
    (draw-sprite2d-xy s0-0 arg1 arg2 (-> arg0 pix-width) (-> arg0 pix-height) (static-rgba #x00 #x00 #x00 #x40))
    )
@@ -801,8 +796,7 @@
                                          )
       )
      (set-origin! (-> arg0 context font) s3-1 s2-1)
-     (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((sv-16 (current-display-frame debug-buf))
-                                  (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+     (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((sv-16 (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
                                   (bucket-id debug-draw1))
       (draw-string ">" sv-16 (-> arg0 context font))
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc
index e7d93098ad..8dfaa0a8b3 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/dma/dma-buffer.gc
@@ -423,12 +423,13 @@
       )
   )
 
-(defmacro with-dma-buffer-add-bucket (bindings &rest body)
+(defmacro with-dma-buffer-add-bucket (bindings &key (bucket-group (-> (current-frame) bucket-group)) &rest body)
   "Bind a dma-buffer to a variable and use it on a block to allow adding things to a new bucket.
-   usage: (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buffer-name buffer) bucket bucket-id) &rest body "
+   usage: (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buffer-name buffer) bucket-id) &rest body
+   example: (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buf (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)) (bucket-id debug-draw1)) ...)"
   
-  `(let (,(car bindings))
-    (with-dma-bucket (,(caar bindings) ,(second bindings) ,(third bindings))
+  `(let ((,(caar bindings) ,(cadar bindings)))
+    (with-dma-bucket (,(caar bindings) ,bucket-group ,(cadr bindings))
       ,@body
       )
     )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable.gc b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable.gc
index 3f4e373396..b9759b7e07 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable.gc
@@ -395,8 +395,8 @@
 (defmacro cpu-usage ()
   "print out the cpu usage of the most recently rendered frame"
   `(format #t "CPU: ~,,2f%~%frame-time: ~,,1fms~%"
-           (* 100. (/ (the float (current-display-frame run-time)) *ticks-per-frame*))
-           (* 1000. (/ 1. 60.) (/ (the float (current-display-frame run-time)) *ticks-per-frame*))
+           (* 100. (/ (the float (-> (current-frame) run-time)) *ticks-per-frame*))
+           (* 1000. (/ 1. 60.) (/ (the float (-> (current-frame) run-time)) *ticks-per-frame*))
            )
   )
 
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/game/main.gc b/goal_src/engine/game/main.gc
index 18983ed3ee..c16092495c 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/game/main.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/game/main.gc
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 
 (defun letterbox ()
   "Draw the letterbox black rectangles"
-  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                               (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                (bucket-id debug-draw1)) ;; debug-draw1 is one of the last buckets
     ;; draw the two sprites
     (draw-sprite2d-xy dma-buf 0 0 512 25 (new 'static 'rgba :a #x80))
@@ -45,8 +44,7 @@
 
 (defun blackout ()
   "Draw the blackout rectangle, convering the entire screen in darkness."
-  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                               (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+  (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                (bucket-id debug-draw1)) ;; debug-draw1 is one of the last buckets
     (draw-sprite2d-xy dma-buf 0 0 512 224 (new 'static 'rgba :a #x80))
     )
@@ -69,6 +67,11 @@
           )
   )
 
+(defun movie? ()
+  "Are we in a movie?"
+  (logtest? (-> *kernel-context* prevent-from-run) (process-mask movie))
+  )
+
 (defun set-master-mode ((new-mode symbol))
   "Update pause masks for the given mode, and set *master-mode*"
   (set! *master-mode* new-mode)
@@ -851,10 +854,9 @@
     (when (nonzero? (logand (-> *cpad-list* cpads 1 button0-abs 0) (pad-buttons r3)))
       ;; grab a dma buffer
       (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buff (if *debug-segment*
-                                               (current-display-frame debug-buf)
-                                               (current-display-frame global-buf)
+                                               (-> (current-frame) debug-buf)
+                                               (-> (current-frame) global-buf)
                                                ))
-                                   (current-display-frame bucket-group)
                                    (bucket-id debug-draw0))
         (show-iop-memory dma-buff)
         )
@@ -938,11 +940,6 @@
   0
   )
 
-(defun movie? ()
-  "Are we in a movie?"
-  (nonzero? (logand (-> *kernel-context* prevent-from-run) (process-mask movie)))
-  )
-
 
 (defun display-loop ()
   "This is in progress..."
@@ -1146,7 +1143,7 @@
             (when *display-deci-count*
               (let ((s2-1 draw-string-xy))
                 (format (clear *temp-string*) "~D" *deci-count*)
-                (s2-1 *temp-string* debug-buf 448 210 (font-color default) 3)
+                (s2-1 *temp-string* debug-buf 448 210 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow kerning))
                 )
               )
 
@@ -1183,7 +1180,7 @@
           (if (= *master-mode* 'pause)
               (draw-string-xy
                (lookup-text! *common-text* (game-text-id pause) #f)
-               s3-1 256 160 (font-color orange-red) 39)
+               s3-1 256 160 (font-color orange-red) (font-flags shadow kerning middle large))
               )
 
           ;; draw console text on screen
@@ -1193,7 +1190,7 @@
              (the int (-> *font-context* origin x))
              a3-8
              (font-color default)
-             3
+             (font-flags shadow kerning)
              )
             )
 
@@ -1277,14 +1274,8 @@
         )
       )
     (set! *run* #t)
-    ;; this is actually a macro (see logic-target.gc)
-    (let ((new-dproc (swhen (get-process *4k-dead-pool* process (* 16 1024))
-                          ((method-of-type process activate) bc *display-pool* 'display *kernel-dram-stack*)
-                          ((the (function cpu-thread function object) set-to-run) (-> bc main-thread) display-loop)
-                          (-> bc ppointer)
-                          ))
-          )
-      (set! *dproc* (the process (if new-dproc (-> new-dproc 0 self))))
+    (let ((new-dproc (make-function-process *4k-dead-pool* *display-pool* process display-loop :name 'display)))
+      (set! *dproc* (the process (as-process new-dproc)))
       )
     (cond
       ((or (level-get-with-status *level* 'loaded)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/font-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/font-h.gc
index d8f49ed058..4ab76e8e1c 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/font-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/font-h.gc
@@ -8,14 +8,6 @@
 ;; The font system draws all of the strings.
 ;; The font textures live in the upper 8 bits of the 24-bit texture format depth buffer.
 
-;; flags
-;; 1
-;; 2
-;; 4
-;; 8
-;; 16
-;; 32 (use size 24)
-
 (defenum font-color
   :type uint64
   (default 0)
@@ -38,7 +30,7 @@
   (another-gray 17)
   (dark-dark-green 18)
   (flat-dark-purple 19)
-  (yellow 20)
+  (flat-yellow 20)
   (blue-white 21)
   (flat-dark-gray 22)
   (flat-gray 23)
@@ -50,9 +42,29 @@
   (yellow-orange 29)
   (yellow-green-2 30)
   (another-light-blue 31)
-  (another-default 32)
+  (light-yellow 32)
   (red-orange 33)
   (another-orange-red 34)
+  
+  (red 3)
+  (red2 4)
+  (yellow 5)
+  (green 6)
+  (blue 7)
+  (cyan 10)
+  (red-reverse 33)
+  (red-obverse 34)
+  )
+
+(defenum font-flags
+  :type uint32
+  :bitfield #t
+  (shadow 0)
+  (kerning 1)
+  (middle 2)
+  (left 3)
+  (right 4)
+  (large 5)
   )
 
 (deftype char-verts (structure)
@@ -92,7 +104,7 @@
    (context-vec vector :inline :offset 48) ;; added
    (color      font-color         :offset-assert 64)
    (color-s32  int32          :offset 64) ;; added for asm
-   (flags      uint32         :offset-assert 72)
+   (flags      font-flags     :offset-assert 72)
    (flags-signed int32        :offset        72) ;; added for asm
    (mat        matrix         :offset-assert 76)
    (start-line uint32         :offset-assert 80)
@@ -102,7 +114,7 @@
   :size-assert         #x58
   :flag-assert         #x1400000058
   (:methods
-    (new (symbol type matrix int int float font-color uint) _type_ 0)
+    (new (symbol type matrix int int float font-color font-flags) _type_ 0)
     (set-mat! (font-context matrix) font-context 9)
     (set-origin! (font-context int int) font-context 10)
     (set-depth! (font-context int) font-context 11)
@@ -111,7 +123,7 @@
     (set-height! (font-context int) font-context 14)
     (set-projection! (font-context float) font-context 15)
     (set-color! (font-context font-color) font-context 16)
-    (set-flags! (font-context uint) font-context 17)
+    (set-flags! (font-context font-flags) font-context 17)
     (set-start-line! (font-context uint) font-context 18)
     (set-scale! (font-context float) font-context 19)
     )
@@ -176,7 +188,7 @@
   obj
   )
 
-(defmethod set-flags! font-context ((obj font-context) (flags uint))
+(defmethod set-flags! font-context ((obj font-context) (flags font-flags))
   (declare (inline))
 
   (set! (-> obj flags) flags)
@@ -197,7 +209,7 @@
   obj
   )
 
-(defmethod new font-context ((allocation symbol) (type-to-make type) (mat matrix) (x int) (y int) (z float) (color font-color) (flags uint))
+(defmethod new font-context ((allocation symbol) (type-to-make type) (mat matrix) (x int) (y int) (z float) (color font-color) (flags font-flags))
   (let
    ((obj
      (object-new allocation type-to-make (the-as int (-> type-to-make size)))
@@ -280,7 +292,7 @@
    (buf                basic                  :offset-assert 3024)
    (str-ptr            uint32                 :offset-assert 3028)
    (str-ptr-signed     (pointer uint8)                  :offset 3028) ;; added
-   (flags              uint32                 :offset-assert 3032)
+   (flags              font-flags                 :offset-assert 3032)
    (flags-signed       int32                  :offset 3032) ;; added
    (reg-save           uint32        5       :offset-assert 3036)
    )
@@ -750,4 +762,4 @@
 
 
 (define-extern draw-string (function string dma-buffer font-context float))
-(define-extern draw-string-xy (function string dma-buffer int int font-color int none))
\ No newline at end of file
+(define-extern draw-string-xy (function string dma-buffer int int font-color font-flags none))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/font.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/font.gc
index d5af44ea98..f5d7474d9c 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/font.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/font.gc
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@
               (.mov.vf vf2 vf0)
               (.mov.vf vf3 vf0)
               (.mov.vf vf4 vf0)
-              (set! (-> fw flags) (the-as uint flags))
+              (set! (-> fw flags) (the-as font-flags flags))
               (.lvf vf16 (&-> fw size-st1 quad))
               (.lvf vf17 (&-> fw size-st2 quad))
               (.lvf vf18 (&-> fw size-st3 quad))
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@
           (.mul.vf vf24 vf24 vf1 :mask #b11)
           (let ((a1-4 *font-work*))
             (set! (-> a1-4 str-ptr) (the-as uint arg0))
-            (set! (-> a1-4 flags) (the-as uint v1-0))
+            (set! (-> a1-4 flags) (the-as font-flags v1-0))
             (.mov.vf vf1 vf0)
             (let ((a2-0 (logand v1-0 32)))
               (b! (nonzero? a2-0) cfg-2 :delay (set! a2-1 *font12-table*))
@@ -1783,7 +1783,7 @@
         )
   )
 
-(defun draw-string-xy ((str string) (buf dma-buffer) (x int) (y int) (color font-color) (flags int))
+(defun draw-string-xy ((str string) (buf dma-buffer) (x int) (y int) (color font-color) (flags font-flags))
   "Draw a string at the given xy location."
   (let ((context (new 'stack 'font-context
                       *font-default-matrix*
@@ -1791,7 +1791,7 @@
                       y
                       0.0
                       color
-                      (the-as uint flags)
+                      flags
                       )
                  )
         )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic.gc
index 5476485c00..b174041586 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic.gc
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@
     (let ((s1-0 (-> *generic-foreground-sinks* s4-0)))
      (when s1-0
       (let ((s3-0 (-> s1-0 bucket)))
-       (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s0-0 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                    (current-display-frame bucket-group)
-                                    s3-0)
+       (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((s0-0 (-> (current-frame) global-buf)) s3-0)
         (if (>= s4-0 7)
          (generic-init-buf s0-0 1 s5-0)
          (generic-init-buf s0-0 1 gp-0)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display-h.gc
index 58dd0ca2e5..5f43b84920 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display-h.gc
@@ -231,6 +231,14 @@
 (define *post-draw-hook* (the-as (function dma-buffer none) nothing))
 
 
-(defmacro current-display-frame (&rest args)
-  `(-> *display* frames (-> *display* on-screen) frame ,@args)
+(defmacro current-frame ()
+  `(-> *display* frames (-> *display* on-screen) frame)
+  )
+
+(defmacro current-time ()
+  `(-> *display* base-frame-counter)
+  )
+
+(defmacro integral-current-time ()
+  `(-> *display* integral-frame-counter)
   )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display.gc
index 62e59dd448..aa255dac85 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/hw/display.gc
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@
   )
 
 
-(define *font-context* (new 'global 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 0 24 0.0 (font-color default) (the uint 3)))
-(define *pause-context* (new 'global 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 256 170 0.0 (font-color orange-red) (the uint 3)))
+(define *font-context* (new 'global 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 0 24 0.0 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow kerning)))
+(define *pause-context* (new 'global 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 256 170 0.0 (font-color orange-red) (font-flags shadow kerning)))
 
 
 
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
     (cond
       (*profile-ticks*
        (draw-string-xy (string-format "~5D" (-> worst-time-cache (/ bar-pos 10)))
-                      buf 488 (+ bar-pos 8) (font-color default) 17)
+                      buf 488 (+ bar-pos 8) (font-color default) (font-flags shadow right))
        (the float (-> worst-time-cache (/ bar-pos 10)))
        )
       (else
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
                        )))
          (draw-string-xy (string-format "~5,,2f" f30-0) buf 488 (+ bar-pos 8)
                (if (>= f30-0 100.0) (font-color orange-red) (font-color default)) ;; turn red if over 100.
-               17
+               (font-flags shadow right)
                )
          f30-0
          )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/sprite/sprite.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/sprite/sprite.gc
index 55b3d6dd0c..aadc865e18 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/sprite/sprite.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/sprite/sprite.gc
@@ -818,11 +818,9 @@
 (defun sprite-draw ((disp display))
   "Main sprite draw function."
   ;; start of our DMA for all the sprite data
-  (let ((dma-mem-begin (current-display-frame global-buf base)))
+  (let ((dma-mem-begin (-> (current-frame) global-buf base)))
     ;; draw in global-buf
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buff (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
-                                 (bucket-id sprite))
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buff (-> (current-frame) global-buf)) (bucket-id sprite))
 
       ;; run the distorters
       (sprite-init-distorter dma-buff (-> disp frames (-> disp on-screen) draw frame1 fbp))
@@ -886,7 +884,7 @@
         (set! (-> mem-use data 82 name) "sprite")
         (+! (-> mem-use data 82 count) 1)
         (+! (-> mem-use data 82 used)
-            (&- (current-display-frame global-buf base)
+            (&- (-> (current-frame) global-buf base)
                 (the-as uint dma-mem-begin)
                 )
             )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc
index 92bd1b8e63..f3d9efa4a7 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc
@@ -800,8 +800,7 @@
    (tex-id uint)
    )
   (let ((total-upload-size 0))
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (current-display-frame global-buf)) ;; the global DMA buffer
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (-> (current-frame) global-buf)) ;; the global DMA buffer
                                  bucket-idx)
 
       ;; default to segment 0 only (mode 0)
@@ -985,8 +984,7 @@
    (need-tex symbol)
    )
   (let ((total-upload-size 0))
-   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+   (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((dma-buf (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                 bucket-idx)
 
      (set! tex-data (-> page segment 0 block-data)) ;; data in RAM
@@ -1599,8 +1597,7 @@
     ((zero? (-> obj index))
     ;; use bucket numbers for the 0th level
     ;; TFRAG
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-4 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-4 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id tfrag-tex0))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-4 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
@@ -1609,8 +1606,7 @@
       )
     ;; the rest are the same
     ;; PRIS
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-12 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-12 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id pris-tex0))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-12 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
@@ -1618,8 +1614,7 @@
                                        )
      )
     ;; SHRUB
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-20 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-20 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id shrub-tex0))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-20 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
@@ -1627,8 +1622,7 @@
                                        )
      )
     ;; ALPHA
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-28 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-28 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id alpha-tex0))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-28 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
@@ -1638,8 +1632,7 @@
     )
    (else
     ;; TFRAG
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-36 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-36 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id tfrag-tex1))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-36 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
@@ -1647,8 +1640,7 @@
                                       )
       )
     ;; PRIS
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-44 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-44 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id pris-tex1))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-44 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
@@ -1656,8 +1648,7 @@
                                        )
      )
     ;; SHRUB
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-52 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-52 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id shrub-tex1))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-52 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
@@ -1665,8 +1656,7 @@
                                        )
      )
     ;; ALPHA
-    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-60 (current-display-frame global-buf))
-                                 (current-display-frame bucket-group)
+    (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((v1-60 (-> (current-frame) global-buf))
                                  (bucket-id alpha-tex1))
 
       (dma-buffer-add-cnt-vif2 v1-60 0 (new 'static 'vif-tag :cmd (vif-cmd nop))
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/load/loader.gc b/goal_src/engine/load/loader.gc
index 48d9d3c3f6..f812361ebe 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/load/loader.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/load/loader.gc
@@ -214,7 +214,6 @@
 (defmethod link-art! art-group ((obj art-group))
   "Links the elements of this art-group."
 
-  ;; this check seems superfluous
   (when obj
    (countdown (s5-0 (-> obj length))
     (let* ((art-elt (-> obj data s5-0))
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/ps2/memcard-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/ps2/memcard-h.gc
index 90c6518773..45f0ee802d 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/ps2/memcard-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/ps2/memcard-h.gc
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
           )
          )
         )
-      (draw-string-xy *temp-string* dma-buf 32 (+ (* 12 slot-idx) 8) (font-color orange-red) 1)
+      (draw-string-xy *temp-string* dma-buf 32 (+ (* 12 slot-idx) 8) (font-color orange-red) (font-flags shadow))
       )
     )
   (none)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/ps2/pad.gc b/goal_src/engine/ps2/pad.gc
index e8f9d93d65..d7ec50a5ac 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/ps2/pad.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/ps2/pad.gc
@@ -30,7 +30,15 @@
     (x        14)
     (square   15)
     )
-    
+
+(defenum pad-type
+  (normal 4)
+  (analog 5)
+  (dualshock 7)
+  (negcon 2)
+  (namco-gun 6)
+  )
+
 ;; these forward declarations should probably go somewhere else...
 (define-extern get-current-time (function uint))
 (define-extern get-integral-current-time (function uint))
@@ -38,16 +46,25 @@
 ;; this gets set to #f later on.
 (define *cheat-mode* #t)
 
-;; data that comes directly from hardware.
+;; data that comes directly from hardware. it's 32 bytes + type tag (ignored in C kernel).
 (deftype hw-cpad (basic)
-  ((valid   uint8     :offset-assert 4)
-   (status  uint8     :offset-assert 5)
-   (button0 uint16    :offset-assert 6)
-   (rightx  uint8     :offset-assert 8)
-   (righty  uint8     :offset-assert 9)
-   (leftx   uint8     :offset-assert 10)
-   (lefty   uint8     :offset-assert 11)
-   (abutton uint8  12 :offset-assert 12)
+  (;; BASIC CONTROLLER data
+   ;; status = 0x40 | (data length / 2)
+   (valid   uint8     :offset-assert 4) ;; 0 if success, 255 if fail
+   (status  uint8     :offset-assert 5) ;; depends on controller
+   (button0 uint16    :offset-assert 6) ;; binary button states!
+   ;; DUALSHOCK or JOYSTICK data
+   ;; status (dualshock) = 0x70 | (data length / 2)
+   ;; status (joystick)  = 0x50 | (data length / 2)
+   (rightx  uint8     :offset-assert 8) ;; right stick xdir
+   (righty  uint8     :offset-assert 9) ;; right stick ydir
+   (leftx   uint8     :offset-assert 10) ;; left stick xdir
+   (lefty   uint8     :offset-assert 11) ;; left stick ydir
+   ;; DUALSHOCK 2 data
+   ;; status = 0x70 | (data length / 2)
+   (abutton uint8  12 :offset-assert 12) ;; pressure sensitivity information
+   
+   ;; pad buffer needs to be 32 bytes large.
    (dummy   uint8  12 :offset-assert 24)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -57,7 +74,7 @@
 
 ;; data from hardware + additional info calculated here.
 (deftype cpad-info (hw-cpad)
-  ((number             int32           :offset-assert 36)
+  ((number             int32           :offset-assert 36) ;; controller port number
    (cpad-file          int32           :offset-assert 40)
    (button0-abs        pad-buttons 3   :offset-assert 44) ;; bitmask of buttons, pressed or not, with history
    (button0-shadow-abs pad-buttons 1   :offset-assert 56) ;; modify this to change button history in the future.
@@ -66,7 +83,7 @@
    (stick0-speed       float           :offset-assert 76)
    (new-pad            int32           :offset-assert 80)
    (state              int32           :offset-assert 84)
-   (align              uint8 6         :offset-assert 88)
+   (align              uint8 6         :offset-assert 88) ;; hardware control of buzzing.
    (direct             uint8 6         :offset-assert 94) ;; hardware control of buzzing.
    (buzz-val           uint8 2         :offset-assert 100) ;; intensity for buzzing
    (buzz-time          uint64 2        :offset-assert 104) ;; when to stop buzzing
@@ -82,6 +99,10 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000088
   )
 
+(defmacro cpad-type? (type)
+  `(= (shr (-> pad status) 4) (cpad-type ,type))
+  )
+
 (defun cpad-invalid! ((pad cpad-info))
   "Reset all data in a cpad-info"
   (logior! (-> pad valid) 128)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound.gc b/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound.gc
index 993bc02200..56d90b212b 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/sound/gsound.gc
@@ -734,12 +734,12 @@
   (dotimes (ch 24)
     (draw-string-xy
         (if (zero? (-> *sound-iop-info* chinfo ch)) "." "X")
-        buf (+ (* ch 16) 16) 48 (font-color default) 1)
+        buf (+ (* ch 16) 16) 48 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow))
     )
   (dotimes (ch 24)
     (draw-string-xy
         (if (zero? (-> *sound-iop-info* chinfo (+ ch 24))) "." "X")
-        buf (+ (* ch 16) 16) 64 (font-color default) 1)
+        buf (+ (* ch 16) 16) 64 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow))
     )
   0
   )
@@ -748,11 +748,11 @@
   (draw-string-xy
       (string-format "~8D [~4D]" (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem)
                                  (shr (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem) 10))
-      buf 32 96 (font-color default) 1)
+      buf 32 96 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow))
   (draw-string-xy
       (string-format "~8D [~4D]" (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem2)
                                  (shr (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem2) 10))
-      buf 32 64 (font-color default) 1)
+      buf 32 64 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow))
   0
   )
 
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc
index 349829350f..9c6752462a 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc
@@ -32,14 +32,7 @@
   (set! (-> *level* border?) #f)
   (set! (-> *setting-control* default border-mode) #f)
   (stop game-mode)
-  ;; this is also that same macro... i just have no idea how to write it.
-  (let* ((s5-0 (the target (get-process *target-dead-pool* target #x4000)))
-         (v1-3 (when s5-0
-                 ((method-of-type target activate) s5-0 *target-pool* 'target *kernel-dram-stack*)
-                 ((the (function object object object object) run-function-in-process) s5-0 init-target cont)
-                 (-> s5-0 ppointer)
-                 ))
-         )
+  (let ((v1-3 (make-init-process *target-dead-pool* *target-pool* target init-target cont)))
       (if v1-3
         (set! *target* (the target (-> v1-3 0 self)))
         (set! *target* #f)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/ui/credits.gc b/goal_src/engine/ui/credits.gc
index ce918151ef..8e2b7711e0 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/ui/credits.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/ui/credits.gc
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
                       0
                       0.0
                       (font-color default)
-                      (the-as uint 3)
+                      (font-flags shadow kerning)
                       )
              )
            )
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
       (let ((v1-4 gp-0))
         (set! (-> v1-4 height) (the float 10))
         )
-      (set! (-> gp-0 flags) (the-as uint 38))
+      (set! (-> gp-0 flags) (font-flags kerning middle large))
       (let* ((s5-1 (- s5-0 (mod s5-0 3)))
              (f0-10 (- f30-0 (the float s5-1)))
              )
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
     (gp-0 2815)
     (s3-0 0)
     (s2-0 #t)
-    (s5-0 (new 'stack 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 31 0 0.0 (font-color default) (the-as uint 3)))
+    (s5-0 (new 'stack 'font-context *font-default-matrix* 31 0 0.0 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow kerning)))
     )
    (let ((v1-2 s5-0))
     (set! (-> v1-2 width) (the float 450))
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
    (let ((v1-4 s5-0))
     (set! (-> v1-4 scale) 1.0)
     )
-   (set! (-> s5-0 flags) (the-as uint 39))
+   (set! (-> s5-0 flags) (font-flags shadow kerning middle large))
    (while (or s2-0 (and (< s4-0 (- s3-0)) (< (the-as uint gp-0) (the-as uint 3249))))
     (+! s4-0 s3-0)
     (+! gp-0 1)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/ui/text.gc b/goal_src/engine/ui/text.gc
index 6b1e19283a..8a53fb2c10 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/ui/text.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/ui/text.gc
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
       (the int (-> font-ctxt origin y))
       0.0
       (font-color default)
-      (the-as uint 3)
+      (font-flags shadow kerning)
       )
      )
     )
@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@
     (set! (-> gp-0 flags) (-> font-ctxt flags))
     (set! (-> gp-0 color) (-> font-ctxt color))
     (set! (-> gp-0 scale) sv-136)
-    (when (logtest? (-> gp-0 flags) 8)
-     (set! (-> gp-0 flags) (logand -9 (-> gp-0 flags)))
+    (when (logtest? (-> gp-0 flags) (font-flags left))
+     (logclear! (-> gp-0 flags) (font-flags left))
      (let ((f30-0 (-> gp-0 width))
            (f28-0 (-> gp-0 height))
            )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/util/types-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/util/types-h.gc
index 1e1554bf9b..fa02edbd54 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/util/types-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/util/types-h.gc
@@ -83,9 +83,12 @@
   "Convert number to seconds unit.
    Returns uint."
   (cond
-    ((or (integer? x) (float? x))
+    ((integer? x)
      (* TICKS_PER_SECOND x)
      )
+    ((float? x)
+     (* 1 (* 1.0 x TICKS_PER_SECOND))
+     )
     (#t
      `(the uint (* TICKS_PER_SECOND ,x))
      )
diff --git a/goal_src/examples/debug-draw-example.gc b/goal_src/examples/debug-draw-example.gc
index 1c045dc74c..a5a50b08ac 100644
--- a/goal_src/examples/debug-draw-example.gc
+++ b/goal_src/examples/debug-draw-example.gc
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+;;-*-Lisp-*-
+(in-package goal)
+
 ;; This file demonstrates how to use the debug draw.
 
 ;; To run this:
diff --git a/goal_src/goos-lib.gs b/goal_src/goos-lib.gs
index 639907a3b0..1ca26fca2b 100644
--- a/goal_src/goos-lib.gs
+++ b/goal_src/goos-lib.gs
@@ -65,6 +65,12 @@
 (defsmacro cdddr (x)
            `(cdr (cdr (cdr ,x))))
 
+(defsmacro caadr (x)
+  `(car (car (cdr ,x))))
+
+(defsmacro cadar (x)
+  `(car (cdr (car ,x))))
+
 (desfun first (x)
 	(car x))
 
diff --git a/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc b/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc
index 358e57931d..f95997c806 100644
--- a/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/kernel-defs.gc
@@ -148,13 +148,11 @@
 ;; gs-get-imr
 (define-extern gs-store-image (function object object object))
 (define-extern flush-cache (function int none))
-;; cpad-open
 (declare-type cpad-info basic)
 (define-extern cpad-open (function cpad-info int cpad-info))
 (define-extern cpad-get-data (function cpad-info cpad-info))
 (define-extern install-handler (function int (function int) int)) ;; check return val
 ;; install-debug-handler
-;; file-stream-open
 (define-extern file-stream-open (function file-stream basic basic file-stream))
 (define-extern file-stream-close (function file-stream file-stream))
 (define-extern file-stream-length (function file-stream int))
@@ -178,13 +176,6 @@
 ;; *kernel-boot-mode*
 ;; *kernel-boot-level*
 
-;; PC Port functions
-(define-extern __read-ee-timer (function uint))
-(define-extern __mem-move (function pointer pointer uint none))
-(define-extern __send-gfx-dma-chain (function object object none))
-(define-extern __pc-texture-upload-now (function object object none))
-(define-extern __pc-texture-relocate (function object object object none))
-
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;; ksound - InitSoundScheme
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -269,6 +260,21 @@
   :no-runtime-type ;; already constructed, don't do it again.
   )
 
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;; PC Port functions
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+(define-extern __read-ee-timer (function uint))
+(define-extern __mem-move (function pointer pointer uint none))
+(define-extern __send-gfx-dma-chain (function object object none))
+(define-extern __pc-texture-upload-now (function object object none))
+(define-extern __pc-texture-relocate (function object object object none))
+(define-extern pc-pad-input-mode-set (function symbol none))
+(define-extern pc-pad-input-mode-get (function int))
+(define-extern pc-pad-input-key-get (function int))
+(define-extern pc-pad-input-index-get (function int))
+(define-extern pc-pad-input-map-save! (function none))
+(define-extern pc-pad-get-mapped-button (function int int int))
+
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;; vm functions
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
diff --git a/goal_src/kernel/gkernel-h.gc b/goal_src/kernel/gkernel-h.gc
index b9e9ec2559..42ee5ee5c8 100644
--- a/goal_src/kernel/gkernel-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/kernel/gkernel-h.gc
@@ -415,7 +415,9 @@
   )
 
 (defmacro ppointer->handle (pproc)
-  `(new 'static 'handle :process ,pproc :pid (-> ,pproc 0 pid))
+  `(let ((the-process ,pproc))
+      (new 'static 'handle :process the-process :pid (-> the-process 0 pid))
+      )
   )
 
 (defmacro process->handle (proc)
@@ -455,7 +457,7 @@
   )
 
 
-;; Not sure what this is, but it's probably used in the event system.
+;; this is used for the event system to pass around parameters from one process to another.
 (deftype event-message-block (structure)
   ((to process :offset-assert 0)
    (from process :offset-assert 4)
diff --git a/goal_src/kernel/gstate.gc b/goal_src/kernel/gstate.gc
index cc1300809f..fb1f107dbe 100644
--- a/goal_src/kernel/gstate.gc
+++ b/goal_src/kernel/gstate.gc
@@ -80,6 +80,36 @@ There are several ways to "go"
     )
   )
 
+(defmacro make-function-process (dead-pool new-pool proc-type func &key (name #f) &key (stack-size #x4000) &key (stack *kernel-dram-stack*) &rest args)
+  "Start a new process that runs a function on its main thread.
+   Returns a pointer to the new process (or #f? on error)."
+  
+  (with-gensyms (new-proc)
+    `(let ((,new-proc (the-as ,proc-type (get-process ,dead-pool ,proc-type ,stack-size))))
+        (when ,new-proc
+          ((method-of-type ,proc-type activate) ,new-proc ,new-pool ,(if name name `(quote ,proc-type)) ,stack)
+          (run-next-time-in-process ,new-proc ,func ,@args)
+          (-> ,new-proc ppointer)
+          )
+        )
+    )
+  )
+
+(defmacro make-init-process (dead-pool new-pool proc-type func &key (name #f) &key (stack-size #x4000) &key (stack *kernel-dram-stack*) &rest args)
+  "Start a new process and run an init function on it.
+   Returns a pointer to the new process, or #f (or is it 0?) if something goes wrong."
+  
+  (with-gensyms (new-proc)
+    `(let ((,new-proc (the-as ,proc-type (get-process ,dead-pool ,proc-type ,stack-size))))
+        (when ,new-proc
+          ((method-of-type ,proc-type activate) ,new-proc ,new-pool ,(if name name `(quote ,proc-type)) ,stack)
+          (run-now-in-process ,new-proc ,func ,@args)
+          (-> ,new-proc ppointer)
+          )
+        )
+    )
+  )
+
 ;; display a listing of active processes.
 (defmacro ps (&key (detail #f))
   `(inspect-process-tree *active-pool* 0 0 ,detail)
@@ -388,7 +418,21 @@ There are several ways to "go"
   #f
   )
 
-
+(defmacro set-state-time ()
+  "set the state-time field of the current object to the current time. process-drawable has one"
+
+  `(set! (-> self state-time) (current-time))
+  )
+
+(defmacro time-passed ()
+  "how much time has passed since set-state-time"
+  `(- (current-time) (-> self state-time))
+  )
+
+(defmacro time-passed? (time)
+  "has it been 'time' since set-state-time?"
+  `(>= (time-passed) ,time)
+  )
 
 
 
diff --git a/goal_src/pc_debug/pc-pad-utils.gc b/goal_src/pc_debug/pc-pad-utils.gc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c19ba84749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/goal_src/pc_debug/pc-pad-utils.gc
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+;;-*-Lisp-*-
+(in-package goal)
+
+
+;; This file is used for debugging and testing the PC port pad (controller/input) implementation.
+;; It contains a function for creating a process for debugging cpad inputs and a function to kill that process.
+;; It also contains a function to start a process to map keys to cpad inputs (X, circle, etc.), and another one to kill it.
+;; THIS FILE IS DEBUG ONLY and will not work if *debug-segment* is not enabled.
+
+;; To run this:
+
+#|
+(make-group "iso")  ;; build the game
+(lt)                ;; connect to the runtime
+(lg)                ;; have the runtime load the game engine
+(test-play)         ;; start the game loop
+(ml "goal_src/pc_debug/pc-pad-utils.gc")  ;; build and load this file.
+|#
+
+(cond (*debug-segment*
+
+;; a structure to hold the handles used in this file
+(deftype pc-pad-proc-list (structure)
+  ((show   handle)
+   (input  handle)
+   )
+  )
+(define *pc-pad-proc-list* (new 'static 'pc-pad-proc-list))
+(set! (-> *pc-pad-proc-list* show) (the handle #f))
+(set! (-> *pc-pad-proc-list* input) (the handle #f))
+
+;; a pc pad process
+(deftype pc-pad-proc (process)
+  ((state-time   seconds)
+   (input-index  uint64)
+   )
+  :heap-base #x10
+  )
+
+(define *pc-pad-button-names*
+    (new 'static 'array string 16
+          "SELECT"
+          "L3"
+          "R3"
+          "START"
+
+          "UP"
+          "RIGHT"
+          "DOWN"
+          "LEFT"
+
+          "L2"
+          "R2"
+          "L1"
+          "R1"
+
+          "TRIANGLE"
+          "CIRCLE"
+          "X"
+          "SQUARE"
+        ))
+
+(defenum pc-pad-input-status
+  (disabled)
+  (enabled)
+  (canceled)
+  )
+
+(defun-debug pc-pad-show-start ()
+  "Start the PC port pad debug display"
+
+  (if (not (handle->process (-> *pc-pad-proc-list* show)))
+    (let ((procp
+      (make-function-process *nk-dead-pool* *active-pool* pc-pad-proc :name 'pc-pad-show
+        (lambda :behavior pc-pad-proc ()
+          (stack-size-set! (-> self main-thread) 512)
+          (loop
+            (dotimes (ii 2)
+              (format *stdcon* "~3Lcpad ~D~0L~%" ii)
+              (dotimes (i 16)
+                (format *stdcon* "   ~S: ~32L~D~0L~%" (-> *pc-pad-button-names* i) (pc-pad-get-mapped-button ii i))
+                )
+              )
+            (suspend)
+            )
+          )
+        )
+      ))
+      (set! (-> *pc-pad-proc-list* show) (ppointer->handle procp))
+      )
+    
+    (format #t "That process is already running. :-)~%")
+    )
+  )
+
+(defun-debug pc-pad-show-stop ()
+  "Stop the PC port pad debug display"
+  
+  (kill-by-name 'pc-pad-show *active-pool*)
+  )
+
+
+(defconstant PC_PAD_INPUT_NOTICE_TIME (seconds 1.5))
+
+
+(define-extern pc-pi-mapping-button state)
+
+(defstate pc-pi-new-mapping (pc-pad-proc)
+    
+    :enter (behavior () (set! (-> self input-index) (pc-pad-input-index-get)) )
+    :code (behavior ()
+      (set-state-time)
+      (until (time-passed? PC_PAD_INPUT_NOTICE_TIME)
+        (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buf (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
+                                     (bucket-id debug-draw1))
+          (draw-string-xy (string-format "MAPPED ~D TO ~S!"
+                                         (pc-pad-input-key-get) (-> *pc-pad-button-names* (1- (-> self input-index))))
+                             buf 256 96 (font-color green) (font-flags shadow kerning large middle))
+          )
+        (suspend)
+        )
+      (go pc-pi-mapping-button)
+      )
+    :trans (behavior ()
+      (if (or (!= (-> self input-index) (pc-pad-input-index-get))
+              (!= (pc-pad-input-mode-get) (pc-pad-input-status enabled)))
+        ;; something's changed, go back to the main state and check everything
+        (go pc-pi-mapping-button)
+        )
+      )
+    
+    )
+
+(defstate pc-pi-canceled (pc-pad-proc)
+    
+    :code (behavior ()
+      (set-state-time)
+      (until (time-passed? PC_PAD_INPUT_NOTICE_TIME)
+        (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buf (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
+                                     (bucket-id debug-draw1))
+          (draw-string-xy "CANCELED!" buf 256 96 (font-color red-reverse) (font-flags shadow kerning large middle))
+          )
+        (suspend)
+        )
+      )
+    )
+
+(defstate pc-pi-done (pc-pad-proc)
+    
+    :enter (behavior () (set! (-> self input-index) 16))
+    :code (behavior ()
+      (pc-pad-input-map-save!)
+      (set-state-time)
+      (until (time-passed? PC_PAD_INPUT_NOTICE_TIME)
+        (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buf (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
+                                     (bucket-id debug-draw1))
+          (draw-string-xy (string-format "MAPPED ~D TO ~S!"
+                                         (pc-pad-input-key-get) (-> *pc-pad-button-names* (1- (-> self input-index))))
+                             buf 256 96 (font-color green) (font-flags shadow kerning large middle))
+          )
+        (suspend)
+        )
+      (set-state-time)
+      (until (time-passed? PC_PAD_INPUT_NOTICE_TIME)
+        (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buf (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
+                                     (bucket-id debug-draw1))
+          (draw-string-xy "KEY MAPPING COMPLETE!" buf 256 96 (font-color green) (font-flags shadow kerning large middle))
+          )
+        (suspend)
+        )
+      )
+    )
+
+(defstate pc-pi-mapping-button (pc-pad-proc)
+    
+    :code (behavior ()
+      (set-state-time)
+      (loop
+        (with-dma-buffer-add-bucket ((buf (-> (current-frame) debug-buf))
+                                     (bucket-id debug-draw1))
+          (if (< (mod (time-passed) (seconds 2)) (seconds 1))
+            (draw-string-xy "NOW MAPPING PAD" buf 256 32 (font-color red) (font-flags shadow kerning large middle))
+            )
+          (draw-string-xy "PRESS ESCAPE TO EXIT" buf 256 64 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow kerning large middle))
+          (draw-string-xy (string-format "PRESS KEY FOR ~S" (-> *pc-pad-button-names* (-> self input-index)))
+                              buf 256 96 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow kerning large middle))
+          )
+        (suspend)
+        )
+      )
+    :trans (behavior ()
+      (cond
+        ;; canceled
+        ((= (pc-pad-input-mode-get) (pc-pad-input-status canceled))
+         (go pc-pi-canceled)
+         )
+        ;; finished
+        ((or (>= (pc-pad-input-index-get) 16)
+             (= (pc-pad-input-mode-get) (pc-pad-input-status disabled)))
+         (go pc-pi-done)
+         )
+        ;; waiting input
+        ((= (-> self input-index) (pc-pad-input-index-get))
+         )
+        ;; one input has been done!
+        ((= (1+ (-> self input-index)) (pc-pad-input-index-get))
+         (go pc-pi-new-mapping)
+         )
+        ;; more than one input has been done. go to last mapping.
+        ((< (1+ (-> self input-index)) (pc-pad-input-index-get))
+         (go pc-pi-new-mapping)
+         )
+        )
+      )
+    
+    )
+
+(defun-debug pc-pad-input-start ()
+  "Start the PC port pad debug key mapping"
+  
+  (if (not (handle->process (-> *pc-pad-proc-list* input)))
+    (let ((procp
+      (make-init-process *nk-dead-pool* *active-pool* pc-pad-proc :name 'pc-pad-input
+        (lambda :behavior pc-pad-proc ()
+          (pc-pad-input-mode-set #t)
+          (go pc-pi-mapping-button)
+          )
+        )
+      ))
+      (set! (-> *pc-pad-proc-list* input) (ppointer->handle procp))
+      )
+    
+    (format #t "That process is already running. :-)~%")
+    )
+  )
+
+(defun-debug pc-pad-input-stop ()
+  "Stop the PC port pad debug key mapping"
+  
+  (kill-by-name 'pc-pad-input *active-pool*)
+  (pc-pad-input-mode-set 'canceled)
+  )
+
+)
+(else (format #t "No debug memory in use. pc-pad-utils not loaded.")))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/debug_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/debug_REF.gc
index 2cb4169d05..7d4c298cd5 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/debug_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/debug_REF.gc
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
           )
          0.0
          arg3
-         (the-as uint 3)
+         (font-flags shadow kerning)
          )
         )
        )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/menu_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/menu_REF.gc
index f283695fd7..35b59e3c16 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/menu_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/debug/menu_REF.gc
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
      0
      0.0
      (font-color default)
-     (the-as uint 3)
+     (font-flags shadow kerning)
      )
     )
    gp-0
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/font-h_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/font-h_REF.gc
index 4fad551113..1eb24b627d 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/font-h_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/font-h_REF.gc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
    (context-vec  vector     :inline :offset         48)
    (color        font-color         :offset-assert  64)
    (color-s32    int32              :offset         64)
-   (flags        uint32             :offset-assert  72)
+   (flags        font-flags         :offset-assert  72)
    (flags-signed int32              :offset         72)
    (mat          matrix             :offset-assert  76)
    (start-line   uint32             :offset-assert  80)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
   :size-assert         #x58
   :flag-assert         #x1400000058
   (:methods
-    (new (symbol type matrix int int float font-color uint) _type_ 0)
+    (new (symbol type matrix int int float font-color font-flags) _type_ 0)
     (set-mat! (font-context matrix) font-context 9)
     (set-origin! (font-context int int) font-context 10)
     (set-depth! (font-context int) font-context 11)
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
     (set-height! (font-context int) font-context 14)
     (set-projection! (font-context float) font-context 15)
     (set-color! (font-context font-color) font-context 16)
-    (set-flags! (font-context uint) font-context 17)
+    (set-flags! (font-context font-flags) font-context 17)
     (set-start-line! (font-context uint) font-context 18)
     (set-scale! (font-context float) font-context 19)
     )
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
   )
 
 ;; definition for method 17 of type font-context
-(defmethod set-flags! font-context ((obj font-context) (flags uint))
+(defmethod set-flags! font-context ((obj font-context) (flags font-flags))
   (set! (-> obj flags) flags)
   obj
   )
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
    (y int)
    (z float)
    (color font-color)
-   (flags uint)
+   (flags font-flags)
    )
   (let
    ((obj
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
    (buf                   basic                      :offset-assert 3024)
    (str-ptr               uint32                     :offset-assert 3028)
    (str-ptr-signed        (pointer uint8)            :offset        3028)
-   (flags                 uint32                     :offset-assert 3032)
+   (flags                 font-flags                 :offset-assert 3032)
    (flags-signed          int32                      :offset        3032)
    (reg-save              uint32          5          :offset-assert 3036)
    )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/hw/display_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/hw/display_REF.gc
index bce48f0cec..b53dcc27a6 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/hw/display_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/gfx/hw/display_REF.gc
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@
    24
    0.0
    (font-color default)
-   (the-as uint 3)
+   (font-flags shadow kerning)
    )
   )
 
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
    170
    0.0
    (font-color orange-red)
-   (the-as uint 3)
+   (font-flags shadow kerning)
    )
   )
 
@@ -466,7 +466,14 @@
     (*profile-ticks*
      (let ((s3-0 draw-string-xy))
       (format (clear *temp-string*) "~5D" (-> worst-time-cache (/ bar-pos 10)))
-      (s3-0 *temp-string* buf 488 (+ bar-pos 8) (font-color default) 17)
+      (s3-0
+       *temp-string*
+       buf
+       488
+       (+ bar-pos 8)
+       (font-color default)
+       (font-flags shadow right)
+       )
       )
      (the float (-> worst-time-cache (/ bar-pos 10)))
      )
@@ -491,7 +498,7 @@
                             0
                             )
          )
-        17
+        (font-flags shadow right)
         )
        )
       f30-0
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/nav/navigate-h_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/nav/navigate-h_REF.gc
index 5c35f8601c..e75a2bad6f 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/nav/navigate-h_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/nav/navigate-h_REF.gc
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
 (defmethod should-display? nav-control ((obj nav-control))
   (and
    *display-nav-marks*
-   (nonzero? (logand (-> obj flags) (nav-control-flags bit0 display-marks)))
+   (nonzero? (logand (-> obj flags) (nav-control-flags display-marks bit0)))
    )
   )
 
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ps2/memcard-h_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ps2/memcard-h_REF.gc
index 0719980874..726dc997ba 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ps2/memcard-h_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ps2/memcard-h_REF.gc
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
      32
      (+ (* 12 slot-idx) 8)
      (font-color orange-red)
-     1
+     (font-flags shadow)
      )
     )
    )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/sound/gsound_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/sound/gsound_REF.gc
index 7f918ee495..070eb688cc 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/sound/gsound_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/sound/gsound_REF.gc
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@
     (+ (* s5-0 16) 16)
     48
     (font-color default)
-    1
+    (font-flags shadow)
     )
    )
   (dotimes (s5-1 24)
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@
     (+ (* s5-1 16) 16)
     64
     (font-color default)
-    1
+    (font-flags shadow)
     )
    )
   0
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@
     (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem)
     (shr (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem) 10)
     )
-   (s5-0 *temp-string* arg0 32 96 (font-color default) 1)
+   (s5-0 *temp-string* arg0 32 96 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow))
    )
   (let ((s5-1 draw-string-xy))
    (format
@@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@
     (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem2)
     (shr (-> *sound-iop-info* freemem2) 10)
     )
-   (s5-1 *temp-string* arg0 32 64 (font-color default) 1)
+   (s5-1 *temp-string* arg0 32 64 (font-color default) (font-flags shadow))
    )
   0
   )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ui/credits_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ui/credits_REF.gc
index a7956d0c2f..b4e69cfe48 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ui/credits_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/ui/credits_REF.gc
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
             0
             0.0
             (font-color default)
-            (the-as uint 3)
+            (font-flags shadow kerning)
             )
            )
           )
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
     (let ((v1-4 gp-0))
      (set! (-> v1-4 height) (the float 10))
      )
-    (set! (-> gp-0 flags) (the-as uint 38))
+    (set! (-> gp-0 flags) (font-flags kerning middle large))
     (let* ((s5-1 (- s5-0 (mod s5-0 3)))
            (f0-10 (- f30-0 (the float s5-1)))
            )
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
       0
       0.0
       (font-color default)
-      (the-as uint 3)
+      (font-flags shadow kerning)
       )
      )
     )
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
    (let ((v1-4 s5-0))
     (set! (-> v1-4 scale) 1.0)
     )
-   (set! (-> s5-0 flags) (the-as uint 39))
+   (set! (-> s5-0 flags) (font-flags shadow kerning middle large))
    (while
     (or s2-0 (and (< s4-0 (- s3-0)) (< (the-as uint gp-0) (the-as uint 3249))))
     (+! s4-0 s3-0)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc
index e088a084a6..40f53811d2 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc
@@ -3759,7 +3759,7 @@ nav-enemy-default-event-handler
    )
   (logior!
    (-> obj nav flags)
-   (nav-control-flags bit0 display-marks bit3 bit5 bit6 bit7)
+   (nav-control-flags display-marks bit0 bit3 bit5 bit6 bit7)
    )
   (set! (-> obj nav gap-event) 'jump)
   (dummy-26 (-> obj nav))