From c235280b912a760abe3995377dcc17c8b32e8b1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: water111 <48171810+water111@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 12:58:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] [decomp] clean up files 50-100 (#1443)

* [decomp] clean up files 50-100

* update file, fix crash on too many prims

* spelling is hard
---
 decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp     |  44 ++++---
 decompiler/config/all-types.gc                | 119 +++++++----------
 game/mips2c/functions/collide_cache.cpp       |   2 +-
 goal_src/engine/anim/bones-h.gc               |   4 +
 goal_src/engine/anim/bones.gc                 |   6 +-
 goal_src/engine/anim/joint-h.gc               |   2 +-
 goal_src/engine/anim/joint.gc                 |  40 +++---
 goal_src/engine/anim/mspace-h.gc              |  12 +-
 goal_src/engine/camera/cam-debug.gc           |   2 +-
 goal_src/engine/camera/cam-master.gc          |   8 +-
 goal_src/engine/camera/cam-states.gc          |  24 ++--
 goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache-h.gc    |   8 +-
 goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache.gc      |  50 ++++----
 goal_src/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab.gc  |  14 +-
 .../engine/collide/collide-reaction-target.gc |   6 +-
 goal_src/engine/collide/collide-shape.gc      | 118 ++++++++---------
 goal_src/engine/data/art-h.gc                 |   9 +-
 goal_src/engine/debug/memory-usage-h.gc       |  19 +--
 goal_src/engine/draw/draw-node-h.gc           |   5 +-
 goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-ambient-h.gc    |   6 +-
 goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-h.gc            |   6 +-
 .../engine/draw/drawable-inline-array-h.gc    |   1 +
 goal_src/engine/draw/process-drawable.gc      |  20 +--
 goal_src/engine/game/game-info-h.gc           |  57 +++++----
 goal_src/engine/game/powerups.gc              |   2 +-
 goal_src/engine/game/task/hint-control-h.gc   |  20 ++-
 goal_src/engine/game/task/process-taskable.gc |   8 +-
 goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-h.gc      |  15 +++
 goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-vu1-h.gc  |  10 +-
 goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-work-h.gc |   2 +
 goal_src/engine/gfx/lights-h.gc               |   2 +
 goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/generic-merc-h.gc    |   3 +
 goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/merc-h.gc            | 111 ++++++++++------
 goal_src/engine/gfx/mood-h.gc                 |   4 +-
 goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu-h.gc    |  49 +++----
 goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu.gc      |   6 +-
 goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc                |  30 ++---
 goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/generic-tie-h.gc      |   2 +
 goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/prototype-h.gc        |   8 +-
 goal_src/engine/gfx/wind-h.gc                 |   3 +-
 goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc        |  16 +--
 goal_src/engine/target/pat-h.gc               |  23 ++--
 goal_src/engine/target/surface-h.gc           | 120 +++++++++---------
 goal_src/engine/target/target-death.gc        |   6 +-
 goal_src/engine/target/target-handler.gc      |   6 +-
 goal_src/engine/target/target-util.gc         |  12 +-
 goal_src/engine/target/target.gc              |  18 +--
 goal_src/engine/target/target2.gc             |   8 +-
 goal_src/levels/beach/bird-lady.gc            |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/beach/mayor.gc                |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/beach/sculptor.gc             |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/beach/seagull.gc              |   3 +-
 goal_src/levels/citadel/citadel-sages.gc      |  12 +-
 goal_src/levels/common/basebutton.gc          |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/common/joint-exploder.gc      |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/common/nav-enemy.gc           |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/common/plat-button.gc         |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker.gc |   8 +-
 goal_src/levels/finalboss/robotboss.gc        |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/flut_common/flutflut.gc       |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/flut_common/target-flut.gc    |  17 +--
 goal_src/levels/jungle/fisher.gc              |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors.gc      |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/jungleb/plant-boss.gc         |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/maincave/dark-crystal.gc      |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/maincave/driller-lurker.gc    |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/maincave/maincave-obs.gc      |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg.gc |  16 +--
 goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider.gc     |  22 ++--
 goal_src/levels/maincave/spiderwebs.gc        |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/misty/misty-conveyor.gc       |   8 +-
 goal_src/levels/misty/mistycannon.gc          |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/ogre/flying-lurker.gc         |  10 +-
 goal_src/levels/ogre/ogreboss.gc              |  10 +-
 goal_src/levels/racer_common/racer.gc         |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/racer_common/target-racer.gc  |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/rolling/rolling-robber.gc     |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/snow/ice-cube.gc              |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ball.gc             |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs.gc     |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss.gc         |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/sunken/bully.gc               |   6 +-
 goal_src/levels/sunken/double-lurker.gc       |   6 +-
 goal_src/levels/sunken/puffer.gc              |  10 +-
 goal_src/levels/sunken/target-tube.gc         |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/swamp/kermit.gc               |   2 +-
 goal_src/levels/training/training-obs.gc      |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/village1/assistant.gc         |   5 +-
 goal_src/levels/village1/explorer.gc          |   4 +-
 .../levels/village2/assistant-village2.gc     |   6 +-
 goal_src/levels/village2/warrior.gc           |   4 +-
 .../levels/village3/assistant-village3.gc     |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/village3/miners.gc            |   8 +-
 goal_src/levels/village3/sage-village3.gc     |   4 +-
 goal_src/levels/village3/village3-obs.gc      |   2 +-
 .../levels/village_common/villagep-obs.gc     |   4 +-
 .../reference/engine/anim/joint-h_REF.gc      |   2 +-
 .../reference/engine/anim/joint_REF.gc        |   4 +-
 .../reference/engine/anim/mspace-h_REF.gc     |   2 +-
 .../reference/engine/camera/cam-master_REF.gc |   8 +-
 .../reference/engine/camera/cam-states_REF.gc |  24 ++--
 .../engine/collide/collide-cache-h_REF.gc     |   8 +-
 .../engine/collide/collide-edge-grab_REF.gc   |  10 +-
 .../collide/collide-reaction-target_REF.gc    |  22 +++-
 .../engine/draw/process-drawable_REF.gc       |  12 +-
 .../reference/engine/game/powerups_REF.gc     |   2 +-
 .../engine/game/task/process-taskable_REF.gc  |   8 +-
 .../engine/target/logic-target_REF.gc         |  16 +--
 .../reference/engine/target/surface-h_REF.gc  |  48 +++----
 .../engine/target/target-death_REF.gc         |   7 +-
 .../engine/target/target-handler_REF.gc       |   6 +-
 .../engine/target/target-util_REF.gc          |  12 +-
 .../reference/engine/target/target2_REF.gc    |   8 +-
 .../reference/engine/target/target_REF.gc     |  22 ++--
 .../reference/levels/beach/bird-lady_REF.gc   |   4 +-
 .../reference/levels/beach/mayor_REF.gc       |   2 +-
 .../reference/levels/beach/sculptor_REF.gc    |   4 +-
 .../reference/levels/beach/seagull_REF.gc     |   2 +-
 .../levels/citadel/citadel-sages_REF.gc       |  12 +-
 .../reference/levels/common/basebutton_REF.gc |   2 +-
 .../levels/common/joint-exploder_REF.gc       |  10 +-
 .../reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc  |   2 +-
 .../levels/common/plat-button_REF.gc          |   4 +-
 .../levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker_REF.gc  |   8 +-
 .../levels/finalboss/robotboss_REF.gc         |   4 +-
 .../levels/flut_common/flutflut_REF.gc        |   2 +-
 .../levels/flut_common/target-flut_REF.gc     |  18 +--
 .../reference/levels/jungle/fisher_REF.gc     |   4 +-
 .../levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors_REF.gc       |   4 +-
 .../levels/jungleb/plant-boss_REF.gc          |   2 +-
 .../levels/maincave/dark-crystal_REF.gc       |  11 +-
 .../levels/maincave/driller-lurker_REF.gc     |   2 +-
 .../levels/maincave/maincave-obs_REF.gc       |   4 +-
 .../levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg_REF.gc  |  25 ++--
 .../levels/maincave/mother-spider_REF.gc      |  31 +++--
 .../levels/maincave/spiderwebs_REF.gc         |   2 +-
 .../levels/misty/misty-conveyor_REF.gc        |   8 +-
 .../reference/levels/misty/mistycannon_REF.gc |   2 +-
 .../levels/ogre/flying-lurker_REF.gc          |  19 ++-
 .../reference/levels/ogre/ogreboss_REF.gc     |   8 +-
 .../levels/racer_common/racer_REF.gc          |   2 +-
 .../levels/racer_common/target-racer_REF.gc   |   4 +-
 .../levels/rolling/rolling-robber_REF.gc      |   2 +-
 .../reference/levels/snow/ice-cube_REF.gc     |   2 +-
 .../reference/levels/snow/snow-ball_REF.gc    |   2 +-
 .../levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs_REF.gc      |   2 +-
 .../levels/snow/snow-ram-boss_REF.gc          |   2 +-
 .../reference/levels/sunken/bully_REF.gc      |   6 +-
 .../levels/sunken/double-lurker_REF.gc        |   6 +-
 .../reference/levels/sunken/puffer_REF.gc     |  10 +-
 .../levels/sunken/target-tube_REF.gc          |   4 +-
 .../reference/levels/swamp/kermit_REF.gc      |   2 +-
 .../levels/training/training-obs_REF.gc       |   4 +-
 .../levels/village1/assistant_REF.gc          |   4 +-
 .../reference/levels/village1/explorer_REF.gc |   4 +-
 .../levels/village2/assistant-village2_REF.gc |   6 +-
 .../reference/levels/village2/warrior_REF.gc  |   4 +-
 .../levels/village3/assistant-village3_REF.gc |   4 +-
 .../reference/levels/village3/miners_REF.gc   |   8 +-
 .../levels/village3/sage-village3_REF.gc      |   4 +-
 .../levels/village3/village3-obs_REF.gc       |   2 +-
 .../levels/village_common/villagep-obs_REF.gc |   2 +-
 162 files changed, 968 insertions(+), 846 deletions(-)

diff --git a/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp b/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp
index 557376e5d8..ffed5d960e 100644
--- a/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp
+++ b/decompiler/IR2/FormExpressionAnalysis.cpp
@@ -4021,6 +4021,24 @@ std::vector<Form*> cast_to_64_bit(const std::vector<Form*>& forms,
   }
   return result;
 }
+
+FormElement* try_make_nonzero_logtest(Form* in, FormPool& pool) {
+  /*
+ (defmacro logtest? (a b)
+   "does a have any of the bits in b?"
+   `(nonzero? (logand ,a ,b))
+   )
+ */
+  auto logand_matcher = Matcher::op(GenericOpMatcher::fixed(FixedOperatorKind::LOGAND),
+                                    {Matcher::any(0), Matcher::any(1)});
+  auto mr_logand = match(logand_matcher, in);
+  if (mr_logand.matched) {
+    return pool.alloc_element<GenericElement>(
+        GenericOperator::make_fixed(FixedOperatorKind::LOGTEST), mr_logand.maps.forms.at(0),
+        mr_logand.maps.forms.at(1));
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
 }  // namespace
 
 FormElement* ConditionElement::make_zero_check_generic(const Env& env,
@@ -4069,25 +4087,17 @@ FormElement* ConditionElement::make_zero_check_generic(const Env& env,
         std::vector<Form*>{source_forms.at(0), nice_constant});
   }
 
-  return pool.alloc_element<GenericElement>(GenericOperator::make_compare(m_kind), source_forms);
-}
-
-FormElement* try_make_nonzero_logtest(Form* in, FormPool& pool) {
   /*
- (defmacro logtest? (a b)
-   "does a have any of the bits in b?"
-   `(nonzero? (logand ,a ,b))
-   )
- */
-  auto logand_matcher = Matcher::op(GenericOpMatcher::fixed(FixedOperatorKind::LOGAND),
-                                    {Matcher::any(0), Matcher::any(1)});
-  auto mr_logand = match(logand_matcher, in);
-  if (mr_logand.matched) {
-    return pool.alloc_element<GenericElement>(
-        GenericOperator::make_fixed(FixedOperatorKind::LOGTEST), mr_logand.maps.forms.at(0),
-        mr_logand.maps.forms.at(1));
+  auto as_logtest = try_make_nonzero_logtest(source_forms.at(0), pool);
+  if (as_logtest) {
+    auto logtest_form = pool.alloc_single_form(nullptr, as_logtest);
+    auto not_form = pool.alloc_element<GenericElement>(
+        GenericOperator::make_compare(IR2_Condition::Kind::FALSE), logtest_form);
+    return not_form;
   }
-  return nullptr;
+   */
+
+  return pool.alloc_element<GenericElement>(GenericOperator::make_compare(m_kind), source_forms);
 }
 
 FormElement* try_make_logtest_cpad_macro(Form* in, FormPool& pool) {
diff --git a/decompiler/config/all-types.gc b/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
index 8edc5c5314..dacd70b6e7 100644
--- a/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
+++ b/decompiler/config/all-types.gc
@@ -6464,7 +6464,7 @@
   ;; field param1 is a basic loaded with a signed load field param2 is a basic loaded with a signed load
   (:methods
     (new (symbol type basic) _type_ 0)
-    (dummy-9 (_type_ basic) _type_ 9)
+    (reset-and-assign-geo! (_type_ basic) _type_ 9)
     )
   )
 
@@ -9177,42 +9177,16 @@
 (defenum shadow-flags
   :bitfield #t
   :type int32
-  (shdf00)
-  (shdf01)
-  (shdf02)
+  (shdf00) ;; unused
+  (disable-fade)
+  (shdf02) ;; only set, never used.
   (shdf03)
-  (shdf04)
-  (shdf05)
-  (shdf06)
-  (shdf07)
-  (shdf08)
-  (shdf09)
-  (shdf10)
-  (shdf11)
-  (shdf12)
-  (shdf13)
-  (shdf14)
-  (shdf15)
-  (shdf16)
-  (shdf17)
-  (shdf18)
-  (shdf19)
-  (shdf20)
-  (shdf21)
-  (shdf22)
-  (shdf23)
-  (shdf24)
-  (shdf25)
-  (shdf26)
-  (shdf27)
-  (shdf28)
-  (shdf29)
-  (shdf30)
-  (shdf31)
+  (shdf04) ;; unused
+  (disable-draw)
   )
 
 (deftype shadow-settings (structure)
-  ((center        vector :inline :offset-assert 0)
+  ((center        vector :inline :offset-assert 0 :do-not-decompile)
    (flags         shadow-flags   :score 100 :offset 12)
    (shadow-dir    vector :inline :offset-assert 16)
    (dist-to-locus float          :offset 28)
@@ -9241,7 +9215,7 @@
     (set-offset-bit (shadow-control) int 10)
     (set-top-plane-offset (shadow-control float) int 11)
     (set-bottom-plane-offset (shadow-control float) int 12)
-    (dummy-13 (_type_) none 13)
+    (unused-13 (_type_) none 13)
     (update-direction-from-time-of-day (_type_) none 14)
     (collide-to-find-planes (_type_ vector float float float) none 15)
     )
@@ -9903,7 +9877,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #xb000000c0
   (:methods
     (new (symbol type int) _type_ 0)
-    (dummy-9 (_type_) float 9)
+    (current-cycle-distance (_type_) float 9)
     (debug-print-channels (_type_ symbol) int 10)
     )
   )
@@ -10221,38 +10195,33 @@
 (defenum surface-flags
   :bitfield #t
   :type uint32
-  (surf00)
-  (surf01)
-  (surf02)
-  (surf03)
-  (surf04)
-  (surf05)
-  (surf06)
-  (surf07)
-  (surf08)
-  (surf09)
-  (surf10)
-  (surf11)
-  (surf12)
-  (surf13)
-  (surf14)
-  (surf15)
-  (surf16)
-  (surf17)
-  (surf18)
-  (surf19)
-  (surf20)
-  (surf21)
-  (surf22)
-  (surf23)
-  (surf24)
-  (surf25)
-  (surf26)
-  (surf27)
-  (surf28)
-  (surf29)
-  (surf30)
-  (surf31)
+  (allow-look-around) ;; allows entering first person with triangle
+  (dive)              ;; set on all diving (dive, dive-bottom) surfaces
+  (surf02)            ;; unused
+  (no-turn-around)    ;; prevent "changed direction" animation from happening
+
+  ;; when jak is on a surface with this flag, the case where jak
+  ;; is forced to rotate in the direction he's traveling is
+  ;; never taken. It's used on ice (though it is not needed, the turn toward transv
+  ;; is disabled by not being in target-walk ever) and also used to prevent
+  ;; jak from spinning around when he shouldn't (like if he's knocked back)
+  (no-rotate-toward-transv)
+  ;; if jak should always be forced to rotate in the direction he's travelling.
+  ;; used for the slides and also the warp gate jump
+  (always-rotate-toward-transv)
+
+  ;; never set, but prevents jak from jumping (both normal and roll)
+  (prevent-jump)
+
+  ;; target is launch jumping (from a blue eco pad)
+  (prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump)
+  (surf08) ;; never set, prevents various attacks from being possible
+  (surf09) ;; another attack prevent
+  (allow-edge-grab) ;; if set, and jak is falling, turn on the ledge grab search.
+  (jump) ;; set on all jumps, used to prevent "on-grounds" in places
+  (attacking) ;; set on all attacks, but not actually used anywhere
+  (ducking)   ;; set on all ducks, but not actually used anywhere
+  (moving-ground) ;; unused, but would make sense if jak was on something moving
   )
 
 (deftype surface (basic)
@@ -10364,7 +10333,7 @@
   ((skip          uint8        :offset   0 :size   3 :do-not-decompile)
    (mode          pat-mode     :offset   3 :size   3)
    (material      pat-material :offset   6 :size   6)
-   (camera        uint8        :offset  12 :size   2)
+   (camera        uint8        :offset  12 :size   2 :do-not-decompile)
    (event         pat-event    :offset  14 :size   6)
    (noentity      uint8        :offset   0 :size   1)
    (nocamera      uint8        :offset   1 :size   1)
@@ -13046,7 +13015,7 @@
    (num-spheres  uint32  :offset-assert 4)
    (collide-with collide-kind  :offset-assert 8)
    (proc         process-drawable   :offset-assert 16)
-   (ignore-pat   uint32  :offset-assert 20) ;; flags / bitfield i bet
+   (ignore-pat   pat-surface  :offset-assert 20) ;; flags / bitfield i bet
    (solid-only   basic   :offset-assert 24) ;; probably a symbol
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -13146,15 +13115,15 @@
   :flag-assert         #x2100008670
   (:methods
     (debug-draw (_type_) none 9)
-    (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process collide-tri-result int) float 10)
+    (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 10)
     (fill-and-probe-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) symbol 11)
     (fill-and-probe-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind process-drawable collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 12)
     (fill-using-bounding-box (_type_ bounding-box collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 13)
-    (fill-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process-drawable int) none 14)
+    (fill-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 14)
     (fill-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) none 15)
     (fill-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 16)
     (initialize (_type_) none 17)
-    (probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result int) float 18)
+    (probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 18)
     (probe-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) symbol 19)
     (probe-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 20)
     (fill-from-background (_type_ (function bsp-header int collide-list none) (function collide-cache object none)) none 21) ;; second functiom is method 28
@@ -19703,11 +19672,11 @@
 (define-extern cam-collision-record-save (function vector vector int symbol camera-slave none))
 (define-extern cam-string-move (function object :behavior camera-slave))
 (define-extern cam-dist-analog-input (function int float float))
-(define-extern cam-los-collide (function vector vector clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info int symbol :behavior camera-slave))
+(define-extern cam-los-collide (function vector vector clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info pat-surface symbol :behavior camera-slave))
 (define-extern dist-info-init (function collide-los-dist-info none))
 (define-extern los-cw-ccw (function (inline-array collide-cache-tri) vector vector float clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info vector float symbol))
 (define-extern cam-debug-add-los-tri (function (inline-array collide-cache-tri) vector vector none))
-(define-extern cam-los-spline-collide (function vector vector vector float))
+(define-extern cam-los-spline-collide (function vector vector pat-surface float))
 (define-extern cam-los-setup-lateral (function clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info vector vector symbol :behavior camera-slave))
 (define-extern slave-los-state->string (function slave-los-state string))
 (define-extern dist-info-print (function collide-los-dist-info string object))
@@ -21250,7 +21219,7 @@
 ;; - Types
 
 (deftype collide-puls-work (structure)
-  ((ignore-pat uint32                     :offset-assert 0)
+  ((ignore-pat pat-surface                :offset-assert 0)
    (tri-out    collide-tri-result         :offset-assert 4)
    (bsphere    sphere             :inline :offset-assert 16)
    (move-dist  vector             :inline :offset-assert 32)
diff --git a/game/mips2c/functions/collide_cache.cpp b/game/mips2c/functions/collide_cache.cpp
index 6b27e26c77..67b8e604f5 100644
--- a/game/mips2c/functions/collide_cache.cpp
+++ b/game/mips2c/functions/collide_cache.cpp
@@ -1740,7 +1740,7 @@ u64 execute(void* ctxt) {
   printf("too many prims\n");
   call_addr = c->gprs[t9].du32[0];                  // function call:
   c->sll(v0, ra, 0);                                // sll v0, ra, 0
-  c->jalr(call_addr);                               // jalr ra, t9
+  // c->jalr(call_addr);                               // jalr ra, t9
   //beq r0, r0, L147                                // beq r0, r0, L147
   // nop                                            // sll r0, r0, 0
   goto block_15;                                    // branch always
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/anim/bones-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/anim/bones-h.gc
index 56f2b059da..d0a6b7052c 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/anim/bones-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/anim/bones-h.gc
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 ;; name in dgo: bones-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; The "bone" system computes bone matrices from joint animations.
+;; It looks like it also expanded to do most of the DMA generation
+;; for the foreground renderers.
+
 (deftype bone-buffer (structure)
   ((joint joint-anim-compressed-hdr 16 :inline :offset-assert 0)
    (bone  bone                      16 :inline :offset-assert 1024)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/anim/bones.gc b/goal_src/engine/anim/bones.gc
index c59b4ec113..82f643ac99 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/anim/bones.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/anim/bones.gc
@@ -685,13 +685,13 @@
          (t6-0 (-> t5-2 flags))
          )
     (-> arg0 cur-lod)
-    (when (zero? (logand t6-0 2))
+    (when (zero? (logand t6-0 (shadow-flags disable-fade)))
       (if (< (-> t5-2 fade-dist) t4-0)
-          (set! t6-0 (logior t6-0 32))
+          (set! t6-0 (logior t6-0 (shadow-flags disable-draw)))
           )
       )
     (cond
-      ((zero? (logand t6-0 32))
+      ((zero? (logand t6-0 (shadow-flags disable-draw)))
        (let ((t2-1 (* t2-0 8))
              (t4-4 (-> t1-0 total-size))
              )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/anim/joint-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/anim/joint-h.gc
index 20e5035b10..0df4bbda56 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/anim/joint-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/anim/joint-h.gc
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #xb000000c0
   (:methods
     (new (symbol type int) _type_ 0)
-    (dummy-9 (_type_) float 9)
+    (current-cycle-distance (_type_) float 9)
     (debug-print-channels (_type_ symbol) int 10)
     )
   )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/anim/joint.gc b/goal_src/engine/anim/joint.gc
index 4633058d1e..dc1503cd51 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/anim/joint.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/anim/joint.gc
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
                      (-> obj channel s4-0 frame-group)
                      )
                  )
-           
+
            )
       (format
         arg0
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@
 
 (defun joint-control-copy! ((arg0 joint-control) (arg1 joint-control))
   "Copy one joint control to another."
-  
+
   ;; set fields
   (set! (-> arg0 blend-index) (-> arg1 blend-index))
   (set! (-> arg0 active-channels) (-> arg1 active-channels))
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
     (the-as pointer (-> arg1 channel))
     (* 48 (-> arg0 allocated-length))
     )
-  
+
   ;; set parents of channels to point to the dest.
   (dotimes (v1-7 (-> arg0 allocated-length))
     (set! (-> arg0 channel v1-7 parent) arg0)
@@ -724,9 +724,9 @@
             (v1-0 0)    ;; offset in spad
             (a1-0 (-> (scratchpad-object terrain-context) work foreground joint-work flattened)) ;; start of data.
             )
-        
+
         ;; loop over active channels.
-        ;; 
+        ;;
         (dotimes (a0-1 nb-channels)
           (let ((a2-3 (-> arg0 channel a0-1)))
             (case (-> a2-3 command)
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@
   (the-as matrix (-> arg0 data))
   )
 
-(defmethod dummy-9 cspace ((obj cspace) (arg0 basic))
+(defmethod reset-and-assign-geo! cspace ((obj cspace) (arg0 basic))
   (set! (-> obj parent) #f)
   (set! (-> obj joint) #f)
   (set! (-> obj geo) arg0)
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@
         (v1-1 type-to-make)
         )
     (-> type-to-make size)
-    ((method-of-type cspace dummy-9) (the-as cspace (t9-0 allocation v1-1)) arg0)
+    ((method-of-type cspace reset-and-assign-geo!) (the-as cspace (t9-0 allocation v1-1)) arg0)
     )
   )
 
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@
 ;          (vf12 :class vf) ;; temp
 ;          (vf13 :class vf) ;; temp
 ;          (vf14 :class vf) ;; temp
-         
+
 ;          (vf16 :class vf) ;; temp
 ;          (t1 :class vf)
 ;          (t2 :class vf)
@@ -1231,20 +1231,20 @@
 ;       (.add.w.vf vf2 vf2 vf0 :mask #b0001)
 ;       (.add.w.vf vf3 vf3 vf0 :mask #b0010)
 ;       (.add.w.vf vf4 vf4 vf0 :mask #b0100)
-      
+
 ;       ;; things for cond blocks
 ;       (.lvf vf7 (-> t0 transform vector 0))
 ;       (.lvf vf8 (-> t0 transform vector 1))
 ;       (.lvf vf9 (-> t0 transform vector 2))
 ;       (.lvf vf10 (-> t0 transform vector 3))
 ;       (.lvf vf1 (-> a2 scale))
-      
+
 ;       (cond
 ;         ((zero? (-> t0 scale w))
 ;          (.mul.x.vf vf2 vf2 vf1)
 ;          (.mul.y.vf vf3 vf3 vf1)
 ;          (.mul.z.vf vf4 vf4 vf1)
-         
+
 ;          ;; the same
 ;          (.matrix*! acc (vf11 vf12 vf13 vf14) (vf2 vf3 vf4 (vf15 vf15 vf15 vf0)) (vf7 vf8 vf9 vf10))
 ;          (.svf (-> a2 transform vector 0) vf11)
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@
 ;          (.mul.x.vf vf2 vf2 vf1)
 ;          (.mul.y.vf vf3 vf3 vf1)
 ;          (.mul.z.vf vf4 vf4 vf1)
-         
+
 ;          (.mov t1 (/ 1.0 (-> t0 scale x)))
 ;          (.mov t2 (/ 1.0 (-> t0 scale y)))
 ;          (.mov t3 (/ 1.0 (-> t0 scale z)))
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@
 ;          (.mul.vf vf2 vf2 vf16)
 ;          (.mul.vf vf3 vf3 vf16)
 ;          (.mul.vf vf4 vf4 vf16)
-         
+
 ;          ;; the same
 ;          (.matrix*! acc (vf11 vf12 vf13 vf14) (vf2 vf3 vf4 (vf15 vf15 vf15 vf0)) (vf7 vf8 vf9 vf10))
 ;          (.svf (-> a2 transform vector 0) vf11)
@@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@
 ;; ERROR: function was not converted to expressions. Cannot decompile.
 
 
-    
+
 (defun make-joint-jump-tables ()
 #|
     #x3ee6b6f9, // = 9 ^ 1055307504
@@ -1373,8 +1373,8 @@
   (set! (-> (scratchpad-object terrain-context) work foreground joint-work fix-jmp-table 15)
         (the-as (function none) (+ 0 #x3ee6b6f6))
         )
-  
-  
+
+
   (let ((arr (new 'static 'array uint32 16
                   #x7b2191b ;; = 6 ^ 129112349
                   #x7b21914 ;; = 9 ^ 129112349
@@ -1399,7 +1399,7 @@
             )
       )
     )
-  
+
   (let ((arr (new 'static 'array uint32 16
                   #x4d7666df ;; = 6 ^ 1299605209
                   #x4d7666d0 ;; = 9 ^ 1299605209
@@ -1442,11 +1442,11 @@
 ;            (s6 :reg r13)
 ;            )
 ;       ;(.sub sp -16)
-      
+
 ;       (let ((joint-num arg1))
-        
+
 ;         )
-      
+
 ;       ;(.add sp 16)
 ;       )
 ;     )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/anim/mspace-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/anim/mspace-h.gc
index 9cd473c6bd..c9251ee67e 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/anim/mspace-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/anim/mspace-h.gc
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
 ;; this file contains types for the skeletal animation system.
-;; the "bones" are the actual things with positions/orientations/scales in the game world.
-;; the "joints" define how the bones are connected.
+;; the "bones" are the actual matrix data consumed by the renderers.
+;; the "joints" describe how bones are connected.
 ;; a "cspace" links together a bone, joint, and a way to control the joint (and bone)
 
 ;; There's three main container types:
 ;; - The cspace-array.  This contains references to the bones and the joints. (called node-list)
-;; - The skeleton: This contains the bones. (called skeleton)
+;; - The skeleton: This is an inline array of bones. (called skeleton)
 ;; - The joint-control (not in this file): this has the logic for running joint animations. (called skel)
 
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   ((name      basic          :offset-assert 4)   ;; the joint's name (neckA, neckB, Rtoes, etc)
    (number    int32          :offset-assert 8)   ;; the joint's number in the cspace-array
    (parent    joint          :offset-assert 12)  ;; the parent joint (ex, Lshould has parent of chest)
-   (bind-pose matrix :inline :offset-assert 16)  ;; the bind pose, as a matrix. Unknown if used.
+   (bind-pose matrix :inline :offset-assert 16)  ;; the bind pose, as a matrix.
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x50
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 
 ;; The "cspace" seems to be a system for linking bones and joints.
 ;; The tree structure matches the tree of joints.
-;; For example: (-> *target* node-list data 14 parent joint) is the same as 
+;; For example: (-> *target* node-list data 14 parent joint) is the same as
 ;;              (-> *target* node-list data 14 joint parent)
 ;; But, we appear to use bone indices here.
 ;; So the joint index is always 1 less than the node index.
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
   ;; params are loaded with signed loads.
   (:methods
     (new (symbol type basic) _type_ 0)
-    (dummy-9 (_type_ basic) _type_ 9)
+    (reset-and-assign-geo! (_type_ basic) _type_ 9)
     )
   )
 
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-debug.gc b/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-debug.gc
index ba8a958372..91337a56e2 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-debug.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-debug.gc
@@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@
                (collide-kind background)
                (the-as process #f)
                s3-1
-               2
+               (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                )
              )
            (s2-1 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-master.gc b/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-master.gc
index 601c696150..fea2700f41 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-master.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-master.gc
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
   (set! (-> self head-offset) (-> *CAMERA_MASTER-bank* onscreen-head-height))
   (set! (-> self target-height) (-> *CAMERA_MASTER-bank* target-height))
   (set! (-> self on-ground)
-        (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+        (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                   (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                   )
              )
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
                      (collide-kind background)
                      (the-as process #f)
                      s4-2
-                     4098
+                     (new 'static 'pat-surface :camera #x1 :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                      )
                    )
                  )
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
            )
          )
        (set! (-> self on-ground)
-             (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+             (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                        (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                        )
                   )
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
        (let ((gp-6 (new-stack-vector0)))
          0.0
          (cond
-           ((and (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+           ((and (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                       (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
                  (!= (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 name) 'launch-jump)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-states.gc b/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-states.gc
index 23c3bee008..a92a8e3ad4 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-states.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/camera/cam-states.gc
@@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@
                (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                (the-as process #f)
                s3-0
-               2
+               (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                )
              0.0
              )
@@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@
     )
   )
 
-(defun cam-los-spline-collide ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 vector))
+(defun cam-los-spline-collide ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 pat-surface))
   (let ((s5-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
         (s4-0 *collide-cache*)
         (f30-0 2.0)
@@ -1568,7 +1568,7 @@
       (-> *CAM_STRING-bank* los-coll-rad2)
       (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
       (the-as process-drawable #f)
-      (the-as int arg2)
+      arg2
       )
     (let* ((f0-2 (vector-length s5-0))
            (f28-0
@@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@
 ;; WARN: Unsupported inline assembly instruction kind - [mula.s f2, f5]
 ;; WARN: Unsupported inline assembly instruction kind - [madda.s f3, f6]
 ;; WARN: Unsupported inline assembly instruction kind - [madd.s f2, f4, f7]
-(defbehavior cam-los-collide camera-slave ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info) (arg3 int))
+(defbehavior cam-los-collide camera-slave ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info) (arg3 pat-surface))
   (local-vars (s1-3 int) (s2-2 int) (f2-1 float) (sv-224 vector) (sv-240 vector))
   (dist-info-init (the-as collide-los-dist-info (-> arg2 intersection)))
   (dist-info-init (the-as collide-los-dist-info (-> arg2 next-normal)))
@@ -1924,7 +1924,7 @@
                 (cam-los-spline-collide
                   (the-as vector (+ (the-as uint (-> *camera* target-spline)) (* 48 (-> *camera* target-spline end-point))))
                   arg0
-                  (the-as vector 4098)
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :camera #x1 :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                   )
                 )
               )
@@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@
                                    (cam-los-spline-collide
                                      (the-as vector (+ (the-as uint (-> *camera* target-spline)) (* 48 s2-2)))
                                      arg0
-                                     (the-as vector 4098)
+                                     (new 'static 'pat-surface :camera #x1 :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                                      )
                                    )
                              (< f30-1 0.0)
@@ -2224,7 +2224,7 @@
     (let ((f30-0 (vector-length (-> self view-flat))))
       (vector--float*! s5-0 (-> *camera* tpos-curr) (-> *camera* local-down) (-> *camera* target-height))
       (vector-! s5-0 s5-0 (-> self string-trans))
-      (cam-los-collide (-> self string-trans) s5-0 gp-0 4098)
+      (cam-los-collide (-> self string-trans) s5-0 gp-0 (new 'static 'pat-surface :camera #x1 :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1))
       (when (-> gp-0 vert-next y)
         (when (or (= (-> self los-state) (slave-los-state ccw)) (= (-> self los-state) (slave-los-state cw)))
           (let ((a0-6 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
@@ -2458,7 +2458,7 @@
             (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
             (the-as process #f)
             s4-0
-            2
+            (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
             )
           0.0
           )
@@ -2561,7 +2561,7 @@
                            (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                            (the-as process #f)
                            s4-2
-                           2
+                           (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                            )
                          -100000000.0
                          )
@@ -2859,7 +2859,7 @@
                        (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                        (the-as process #f)
                        s4-0
-                       4098
+                       (new 'static 'pat-surface :camera #x1 :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                        )
                      )
               )
@@ -2992,7 +2992,7 @@
                            (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                            (the-as process #f)
                            s3-0
-                           2
+                           (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                            )
                          -100000000.0
                          )
@@ -3257,7 +3257,7 @@
                          (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                          (the-as process #f)
                          s4-3
-                         2
+                         (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                          )
                        -100000000.0
                        )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache-h.gc
index f5c31b4f37..25cfb10174 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache-h.gc
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
    (num-spheres  uint32             :offset-assert   4)
    (collide-with collide-kind       :offset-assert   8)
    (proc         process-drawable   :offset-assert  16)
-   (ignore-pat   uint32             :offset-assert  20)
+   (ignore-pat   pat-surface        :offset-assert  20)
    (solid-only   basic              :offset-assert  24)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -131,15 +131,15 @@
   :flag-assert         #x2100008670
   (:methods
     (debug-draw (_type_) none 9)
-    (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process collide-tri-result int) float 10)
+    (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 10)
     (fill-and-probe-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) symbol 11)
     (fill-and-probe-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind process-drawable collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 12)
     (fill-using-bounding-box (_type_ bounding-box collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 13)
-    (fill-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process-drawable int) none 14)
+    (fill-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 14)
     (fill-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) none 15)
     (fill-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 16)
     (initialize (_type_) none 17)
-    (probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result int) float 18)
+    (probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 18)
     (probe-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) symbol 19)
     (probe-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 20)
     (fill-from-background (_type_ (function bsp-header int collide-list none) (function collide-cache object none)) none 21) ;; second functiom is method 28
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache.gc b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache.gc
index 443637cbb4..031c25d23a 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-cache.gc
@@ -102,16 +102,16 @@
                                                (import-mesh-func (function collide-cache object none))
                                                )
   "This terrible function fills the collide cache with background tris from a bounding box."
-  
+
   (local-vars (a0-4 int) (a0-6 int))
-    
+
   ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
   ;; Step 1: Build Collide List
   ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-  
+
   ;; this is a list of fragments that we will look at.
-  
-  
+
+
   (set! (-> *collide-list* num-items) 0)
   (cond
     ((= bsp-find-mesh-func (method-of-type bsp-header collide-ray))
@@ -137,14 +137,14 @@
         )
       )
     )
-  
-  
+
+
   (when (> (-> *collide-list* num-items) 0)
-    
+
     ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
     ;; Step 2: Upload to VU0 Data
     ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-    
+
     ;; in classic ND style, this is double buffered.
     ;; we'll undo this.
     (dotimes (i (-> *collide-list* num-items))
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@
           (import-mesh-func obj (-> frag mesh))
         )
       )
-    
+
     ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
     ;; Fake it as a prim
     ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-    
+
     ;; The old system can actually read out lists of prims.
     ;; Note that this assumes the cache has been emptied and we're the first to fill it here.
-    
+
     (let ((a0-28 (-> obj num-tris)))
       (when (> a0-28 0)
         (let ((v1-55 (-> obj prims))
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
           )
         )
       )
-    
+
     )
   0
   (none)
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@
                                                (arg2 float)
                                                (arg3 collide-kind)
                                                (arg4 process-drawable)
-                                               (arg5 int)
+                                               (arg5 pat-surface)
                                                )
   (local-vars
     (zero uint128)
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
         (.mul.vf vf8 vf3 vf3)
         (let ((v1-1 *collide-work*))
           (.add.vf vf2 vf1 vf3)
-          (set! (-> obj ignore-mask) (the-as pat-surface arg5))
+          (set! (-> obj ignore-mask) arg5)
           (.mov t0-1 vf21)
           (nop!)
           (pabsw-hack t0-2 t0-1)       ;; t0-2 is the line, absolute value
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@
             )
           (let ((s2-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'bounding-box)))
             (set-from-point-offset-pad! s2-0 (the-as vector3s arg0) (the-as vector3s arg1) arg2)
-            (fill-using-bounding-box obj s2-0 arg3 arg4 (the-as pat-surface arg5))
+            (fill-using-bounding-box obj s2-0 arg3 arg4 arg5)
             )
           (b! #t cfg-13 :delay (nop!))
           (set! v1-1 (the-as collide-work 0))
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@
    to the given collide-list.
    Note: collide-probe is the faster implementation of this."
   *collide-work*
-  
+
   ;; just iterate over all and check their bsphere.
   (dotimes (s3-0 arg0)
     (when (collide-cache-using-line-sphere-test (-> obj bsphere))
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@
   If the bsphere of the mesh is in the non-aligned bounding box, the mesh will be added
   to the given collide-list.
   Note: collide-probe is the faster implementation of this."
-  
+
   ;; loop over instance-ties
   (dotimes (s3-0 arg0)
     ;; first check the instance-tie's bsphere
@@ -2307,14 +2307,14 @@
                                                          (arg3 collide-kind)
                                                          (arg4 process)
                                                          (arg5 collide-tri-result)
-                                                         (arg6 int)
+                                                         (arg6 pat-surface)
                                                          )
   (fill-using-line-sphere obj arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 (the-as process-drawable arg4) arg6)
   (probe-using-line-sphere obj arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg5 arg6)
   )
 
 (deftype collide-puls-work (structure)
-  ((ignore-pat uint32                     :offset-assert   0)
+  ((ignore-pat pat-surface                :offset-assert   0)
    (tri-out    collide-tri-result         :offset-assert   4)
    (bsphere    sphere             :inline :offset-assert  16)
    (move-dist  vector             :inline :offset-assert  32)
@@ -2323,15 +2323,15 @@
   :size-assert         #x30
   :flag-assert         #x900000030
   )
-  
-  
+
+
 (defmethod probe-using-line-sphere collide-cache ((obj collide-cache)
                                                   (arg0 vector)
                                                   (arg1 vector)
                                                   (arg2 float)
                                                   (arg3 collide-kind)
                                                   (arg4 collide-tri-result)
-                                                  (arg5 int)
+                                                  (arg5 pat-surface)
                                                   )
   (rlet ((vf0 :class vf)
          (vf2 :class vf)
@@ -2343,7 +2343,7 @@
           (.mov vf4 arg2)
           (.lvf vf3 (&-> arg0 quad))
           (.lvf vf2 (&-> arg1 quad))
-          (set! (-> s4-0 ignore-pat) (the-as uint arg5))
+          (set! (-> s4-0 ignore-pat) arg5)
           (.mul.x.vf vf3 vf0 vf4 :mask #b1000)
           (set! (-> s4-0 tri-out) arg4)
           (.svf (&-> s4-0 move-dist quad) vf2)
@@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@
                      )
                    )
                   (else
-                    (when (zero? (logand (the-as pat-surface arg5)
+                    (when (zero? (logand arg5
                                          (-> (the-as collide-shape-prim-sphere (-> (the-as collide-cache-prim s3-0) prim)) pat)
                                          )
                                  )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab.gc b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab.gc
index 91d09ea488..bb5c41ce80 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab.gc
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
       (set! (-> gp-0 num-verts) (the-as uint 0))
       (set! (-> gp-0 num-edges) (the-as uint 0))
       (set! (-> gp-0 num-tris) (the-as uint 0))
-      
+
       (let ((v1-0 (-> obj control)))
         (set! (-> gp-0 ccache) arg0)
         (.lvf vf1 (&-> gp-0 local-cache-fill-box min quad))
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
       (.svf (&-> gp-0 within-reach-box max quad) vf5)
       (.svf (&-> gp-0 within-reach-box4w min quad) vf6)
       (.svf (&-> gp-0 within-reach-box4w max quad) vf7)
-      
+
       ;; Fill the collide cache!
       (fill-using-bounding-box
         arg0
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@
         obj
         (new 'static 'pat-surface :skip #x1 :noentity #x1)
         )
-      
+
       ;; Filter out tris that can't be grabbed
       (find-grabbable-tris! gp-0)
       (when (nonzero? (-> gp-0 num-tris))
         ;; Find edges that we might be able to grab
         (find-grabbable-edges! gp-0)
         (when (nonzero? (-> gp-0 num-edges))
-          ;; 
+          ;;
           (set! (-> gp-0 search-pt quad) (-> *target* control unknown-vector90 quad))
           ;; for the search, we either use the direction of the stick, or the heading of target.
           (when (!= (-> *cpad-list* cpads (-> *target* control unknown-cpad-info00 number) stick0-speed) 0.0)
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
       (set! (-> a1-13 num-spheres) (the-as uint 12))
       (set! (-> a1-13 collide-with) (-> obj cshape root-prim collide-with))
       (set! (-> a1-13 proc) #f)
-      (set! (-> a1-13 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+      (set! (-> a1-13 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
       (set! (-> a1-13 solid-only) #t)
       (if (probe-using-spheres (-> obj ccache) a1-13)
           (return #f)
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
         (set! (-> a1-14 num-spheres) (the-as uint 6))
         (set! (-> a1-14 collide-with) (-> v1-22 cshape root-prim collide-with))
         (set! (-> a1-14 proc) #f)
-        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
         (set! (-> a1-14 solid-only) #t)
         (b! #t cfg-21 :delay (nop!))
         (label cfg-20)
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
         (set! (-> a1-14 num-spheres) (the-as uint 6))
         (set! (-> a1-14 collide-with) (-> v1-22 cshape root-prim collide-with))
         (set! (-> a1-14 proc) #f)
-        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
         (set! (-> a1-14 solid-only) #t)
         (label cfg-21)
         (b! (not (fill-and-probe-using-spheres *collide-cache* a1-14)) cfg-24)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target.gc b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target.gc
index fb57073b6b..a0b39c3826 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target.gc
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
   (set! sv-208 (vector+float*! (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector) (-> arg1 best-tri intersect) sv-160 2867.2))
   (set! sv-212 (vector-normalize-copy! (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector) (-> arg0 dynam gravity-normal) -20480.0))
   (vector+float*! sv-212 sv-212 sv-160 4096.0)
-  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* sv-208 sv-212 409.6 (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with) sv-164 1)
+  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* sv-208 sv-212 409.6 (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with) sv-164 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
             0.0
             )
     (set! (-> arg0 unknown-float-coverage-0)
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
   (set! sv-276 (vector-normalize-copy! (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector) (-> arg0 dynam gravity-normal) -20480.0))
   (vector+float*! sv-272 sv-272 sv-160 -819.2)
   (vector+float*! sv-276 sv-276 sv-160 -4096.0)
-  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* sv-272 sv-276 409.6 (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with) sv-164 1)
+  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* sv-272 sv-276 409.6 (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with) sv-164 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
             0.0
             )
     (set! (-> arg0 unknown-float-coverage-2) (vector-vector-distance sv-272 (-> sv-164 intersect)))
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
   (if (= (-> arg0 poly-pat mode) (pat-mode wall))
       (set! sv-104 (logior sv-104 1))
       )
-  (if (logtest? (-> arg0 unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+  (if (logtest? (-> arg0 unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
       (set! sv-104 (logior sv-104 32))
       )
   (let ((v1-23 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-shape.gc b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-shape.gc
index 78a90a8c1d..d69168d30a 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-shape.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/collide/collide-shape.gc
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
   "Find the overlap between two collide shapes.  This is the main entry point for the overlap algorithm.
    The result is returned in arg1. The obj is collided _with_ arg0 (meaning obj uses its collide-with, arg0 uses colide-as).
    The best-dist is only valid if the result is #t (it should be negative then)"
-   
+
    ;; this method begins the recursive traversal through the tree of collide-shape-prims, starting with the
    ;; root of each shape.
   (local-vars (v1-3 collide-action) (v1-4 float) (a2-2 collide-action) (a3-2 collide-action))
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
          (vf5 :class vf)
          )
     (init-vf0-vector)
-    
+
     ;; reset the overlap result
     (let ((v1-0 arg1))
       (set! (-> v1-0 best-dist) 0.0)
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@
         )
       ;; reject if non-solid
       (b! (zero? v1-3) cfg-8 :delay (nop!))
-      
+
       ;; if we're here, our collision types allow us to collide
       (.lvf vf1 (&-> a0-1 prim-core world-sphere quad))
       (.lvf vf2 (&-> a1-1 prim-core world-sphere quad))
-      
+
       ;; see if bsphere's overlap
       (.sub.vf vf3 vf1 vf2)
       (.add.w.vf vf4 vf1 vf2 :mask #b1000)
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@
         (.mov v1-4 vf5)
         (b! (<= f0-1 v1-4) cfg-8) ;; they don't, fail!
         )
-      
+
       ;; our bsphere's overlap. We need a more detailed test to know for sure
       ;; this will dispatch a more specific method for a0-1.
       (should-push-away-test a0-1 a1-1 arg1)
       )
-    
+
     ;; return the result of the more detailed test.
     (let ((v0-1 (< (-> arg1 best-dist) 0.0)))
       (b! #t cfg-9 :delay (nop!))
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
 
 (defmethod should-push-away-test collide-shape-prim-mesh ((obj collide-shape-prim-mesh) (arg0 collide-shape-prim) (arg1 collide-overlap-result))
   "Collide a prim with a mesh. The prim must be a sphere or group of spheres"
-  
+
   ;; first, check the prim type
   (let ((v1-0 (-> arg0 prim-core prim-type)))
     (b! (nonzero? v1-0) cfg-2 :delay (nop!))
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
   (let ((s3-0 (-> obj mesh)))
     ;; if we don't have a mesh, then abort.
     (b! (not s3-0) cfg-11 :delay (nop!)) ;; empty-form
-    
+
     ;; we must put the mesh in the cache before we can collide.
     ;; NOTE: this is not the full collide-cache, but instead a smaller, simpler collide-mesh-cche.
     (let ((s2-0 *collide-mesh-cache*))
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
       ;; and remember the cache has this
       (set! (-> obj mesh-cache-id) (-> s2-0 id))
       )
-    
+
     ;; load this mesh into the cache.
     ;; strangely, they transform the entire mesh.
     (populate-cache!
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
           )
         )
       )
-    
+
     ;; make up a triangle.
     (let ((s4-1 (-> arg1 best-from-tri normal))
           (s3-0 (-> arg1 best-from-tri intersect))
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@
         )
       )
     (b! #t cfg-13 :delay (nop!))
-    
+
     ;; Mesh. this is the same as the above function. start with populating the cache.
     (label cfg-5)
     (let ((s3-1 (-> (the-as collide-shape-prim-mesh arg0) mesh)))
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
   "Find somewhere safe to land. This is used to find where to bounce back the player if you jump on fire canyon.
    It's a nice example function for the collision system."
   (local-vars (direction-idx int) (sv-192 int))
-  
+
   ;; first, let's find our heading
   (let ((current-heading (if (< 819.2 (vector-xz-length (-> target-ctrl transv))) ;; if we're moving in the xz plane
                              (vector-y-angle (-> target-ctrl transv))             ;; use the direction we're moving
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@
         (probe-dir (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
         (result-tri (new 'stack-no-clear 'collide-tri-result))
         )
-    
+
     ;; create a bounding box, centered around our current location.
     (let ((bbox (new 'stack-no-clear 'bounding-box)))
       (set! (-> ground-result w) 0.0)
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@
       ;; except for in y (height). Look 10m down, and 5m up.
       (set! (-> bbox min y) (+ -40960.0 (-> current-pos y)))
       (set! (-> bbox max y) (+ 20480.0 (-> current-pos y)))
-      
+
       ;; fill the collide cache will all the triangles in bounding box.
       (fill-using-bounding-box
         *collide-cache*
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@
         (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
         )
       )
-    
+
     ;; loop over 8 directions to check.
     (set! direction-idx 0)
     (while (< direction-idx 8)
@@ -738,19 +738,19 @@
                               )
                            )
             )
-        
+
         ;; this will count the number of hits we have in this direction.
         (set! sv-192 0)
-        
+
         ;; we don't know anything, so assume we can go the maximum length in this direction
         (let ((max-len-this-dir max-len))
           ;; but, if we did max-len bounce in this direction, we might hit some wall mid-bounce.
-          
+
           ;; start with a probe of max len, pointing straight forward.
           (set-vector! probe-dir 0.0 0.0 max-len 1.0)
           ;; rotate to point along our heading
           (vector-rotate-y! probe-dir probe-dir probe-heading)
-          
+
           ;; see how far we can go, 10m above the current target.
           ;; this is likely checking to see if we'll hit a wall mid-bounce
           (if (>= (probe-using-line-sphere
@@ -760,20 +760,20 @@
                     2048.0
                     (-> target-ctrl root-prim collide-with)
                     result-tri
-                    1
+                    (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                     )
                   0.0
                   )
               (set! max-len-this-dir (+ -6144.0 (vector-vector-xz-distance current-pos (-> result-tri intersect))))
               )
-          
+
           ;; now, let's search between start-len and max-len-this-dir to see if there's somewhere safe to bounce.
           (let ((current-len start-len))
             (while (>= max-len-this-dir current-len)
               ;; probe heading
               (set-vector! probe-dir 0.0 0.0 current-len 1.0)
               (vector-rotate-y! probe-dir probe-dir probe-heading)
-              
+
               ;; put probe dir at the end of the probe
               (vector+! probe-dir current-pos probe-dir)
               ;; start 10m above the curren pos.
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@
                           10240.0
                           (-> target-ctrl root-prim collide-with)
                           result-tri
-                          1
+                          (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                           )
                         0.0
                         )
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@
       (set! (-> obj surf) *standard-ground-surface*)
       )
     )
-  
+
   ;; ca-9 gets set whenever you get on the zoomer. If we are on the zoomer, just go to "race-track"
   (if (logtest? (-> obj root-prim prim-core action) (collide-action ca-9))
       (set! (-> obj surf) *race-track-surface*)
@@ -959,14 +959,14 @@
   (set! sv-72 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
   (set! sv-80 0)
   (set! (-> sv-72 quad) (-> arg3 quad))
-  
+
   ;; move along the vector by the best move-vec
   ;; this will hit the best-tri
   (let ((a1-1 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
     (vector-float*! a1-1 (-> arg1 move-vec) (-> arg1 best-u))
     (move-by-vector! arg0 a1-1)
     )
-  
+
   ;; so handle hitting that tri
   (set-and-handle-pat! arg0 (-> arg1 best-tri pat))
   (vector-! sv-64 (the-as vector (-> arg1 best-from-prim prim-core)) (-> arg1 best-tri intersect))
@@ -980,8 +980,8 @@
   (if (= (-> arg1 best-u) 0.0)
       (move-by-vector! arg0 sv-68)
       )
-  
-  ;; 
+
+  ;;
   (set! (-> arg0 surface-normal quad) (-> sv-68 quad))
   (set! (-> arg0 poly-normal quad) (-> arg1 best-tri normal quad))
   (set! (-> arg0 surface-angle) (vector-dot sv-68 (-> arg0 dynam gravity-normal)))
@@ -1074,19 +1074,19 @@
 (defmethod step-collison! collide-shape-moving ((obj collide-shape-moving) (arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 float))
   "Take 1 step in the collision. Attempt to move at velocity of arg1, for arg2 of a step.
    The resulting velocity is stored in arg0. The amount of a step actually taken is returned."
-   
+
   (local-vars (sv-192 int))
   (let ((s5-0 (new 'stack 'collide-shape-intersect))
         (s2-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
         )
-    
+
     ;; integrate our velocity, get the "move vector"
     ;; which is what we'd move if we hit nothing.
     (vector-float*! s2-0 arg1 (* arg2 (-> *display* seconds-per-frame)))
-    
+
     ;; initialize the collision data.
     (init! s5-0 s2-0)
-    
+
     ;; only if we have something in the collide cache, I guess.
     (let* ((s1-1 (-> obj root-prim))
            (v1-4 *collide-cache*)
@@ -1106,21 +1106,21 @@
         (set! s0-0 (-> (the-as (inline-array collide-cache-prim) s0-0) 1))
         )
       )
-    
+
     ;; now we've collided with everything. If we have a best-u of > 0, it means we can't do the full move.
     (let ((f30-0 (-> s5-0 best-u)))
       (cond
         ((>= f30-0 0.0)
          (let ((s2-1 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
-           
+
            ;; if debugging, remember our input velocity.
            (if *display-collision-marks*
                (set! (-> s2-1 quad) (-> arg1 quad))
                )
-           
+
            ;; do the collision reaction! this function should move the collide shape.
            (set! (-> obj prev-status) (the-as cshape-moving-flags ((-> obj reaction) obj s5-0 arg0 arg1)))
-           
+
            ;; debug draw collision marks.
            (when *display-collision-marks*
              (let ((t1-0 (-> *pat-mode-info* (-> s5-0 best-tri pat mode) hilite-color)))
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@
                  )
              )
            )
-         
+
          ;; and return the step size we could take.
          (return f30-0)
          )
@@ -1214,16 +1214,16 @@
   It will process updates from hitting triangles with pat-surfaces
   It will update the touching list.
   It will update the current surface and surface flags."
-  
+
   ;; update the world-spheres for us and our children.
   (update-transforms! obj)
-  
+
   ;; remember our history
   (set! (-> obj trans-old 2 quad) (-> obj trans-old 1 quad))
   (set! (-> obj trans-old 1 quad) (-> obj trans-old 0 quad))
   (set! (-> obj trans-old 0 quad) (-> obj trans quad))
   (set! (-> obj prev-status) (-> obj status))
-  
+
   ;; setup
   (logclear! (-> obj status) (cshape-moving-flags
                                onsurf
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@
   (set! (-> obj poly-normal quad) (-> obj dynam gravity-normal quad))
   (set! (-> obj coverage) 0.0)
   (set! (-> obj touch-angle) 0.0)
-  
+
   ;; we want to take a step of 1.0
   (let ((f30-0 1.0)
         (s4-0 0) ;; iterations
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@
                      (not (and (= (-> arg0 x) 0.0) (= (-> arg0 y) 0.0) (= (-> arg0 z) 0.0))) ;; nonzero velocity
                      )
                 )
-      
+
       ;; note that in between step-collision! and update-from-step-szie, the touching list is in an invalid state.
       (let ((f28-0 (step-collison! obj arg0 arg0 f30-0))) ;; step forward!
         (update-from-step-size *touching-list* f28-0)     ;; update touching list.
@@ -1273,13 +1273,13 @@
   "Specialization of integrate and collide for the target"
   ;; time it
   (stopwatch-start (-> *collide-stats* total-target))
-  
+
   ;; check and correct massive velocity.
   (when (< 1638400.0 (vector-length arg0))
     (format 0 "WARNING: target vel is ~M m/s, reseting to zero.~%" (vector-length arg0))
     (vector-reset! arg0)
     )
-  
+
   ;; ???
   (set! (-> obj unknown-vector15 quad) (-> obj unknown-vector14 quad))
   (vector-matrix*! (-> obj unknown-vector14) (-> obj unknown-vector13) (-> obj unknown-matrix02))
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@
         (s4-1 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
         )
     (set! (-> s4-1 quad) (-> arg0 quad))
-    
+
     ;; call the normal integrate.
     (let ((t9-7 (method-of-type collide-shape-moving integrate-and-collide!)))
       (t9-7 obj s3-1)
@@ -1541,7 +1541,7 @@
                           arg1
                           (-> obj process)
                           sv-144
-                          1
+                          (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                           )
                         )
                     )
@@ -1570,7 +1570,7 @@
           )
         )
       )
-    
+
     ;; if we need to collide with things.
     (when (logtest? (-> obj root-prim collide-with) (collide-kind cak-1 cak-2 cak-3 target))
       (let ((a1-7 (new 'stack-no-clear 'overlaps-others-params)))
@@ -1675,7 +1675,7 @@
          (vf2 :class vf)
          )
         (init-vf0-vector)
-        
+
         ;; scale the velocity, to see how far we can go, at max.
         (let ((a0-1 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
           (let ((v1-0 a0-1))
@@ -1688,9 +1688,9 @@
             (.mul.x.vf vf1 vf1 vf2 :mask #b111)
             (.svf (&-> v1-0 quad) vf1)
             )
-          
+
           ;; add a bonus size if we are target.
-          (let ((f0-2 (+ (vector-length a0-1) 
+          (let ((f0-2 (+ (vector-length a0-1)
                          (if (= (-> obj process type) target)
                              4096.0
                              0.0
@@ -2487,7 +2487,7 @@
          (vf5 :class vf)
          )
     (init-vf0-vector)
-    
+
     ;; kill the mesh cache
     (let* ((v1-0 *collide-mesh-cache*)
            (a0-1 (-> v1-0 id))
@@ -2499,10 +2499,10 @@
         (set! (-> v1-0 id) (the-as uint a0-2))
         )
       )
-    
+
     ;; loop over everything!
     (let ((s5-0 (-> obj root-prim collide-with)))
-      
+
       ;; we collide with target, so check the player list.
       (when (logtest? s5-0 (collide-kind target))
         (let ((v1-5 (-> *collide-player-list* alive-list next0)))
@@ -2524,7 +2524,7 @@
                             (let ((s1-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
                               (let ((v1-19 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
                                 (set! (-> v1-19 quad) (-> s3-0 trans quad))
-                                
+
                                 ;; this is... a bit of a hack.
                                 ;; this adjusts our collision to be within 0.7 - 1.4m of our base.
                                 ;; (note, this only applies for intermediate iterations of this loop)
@@ -2588,10 +2588,10 @@
             )
           )
         )
-      
-      
+
+
       (when (logtest? s5-0 (collide-kind cak-1 cak-2 cak-3))
-        
+
         (when (logtest? s5-0 (collide-kind cak-1))
           (let ((v1-38 (-> *collide-hit-by-player-list* alive-list next0)))
             *collide-hit-by-player-list*
@@ -2667,8 +2667,8 @@
               )
             )
           )
-        
-        
+
+
         (when (logtest? s5-0 (collide-kind cak-2))
           (let ((v1-70 (-> *collide-usually-hit-by-player-list* alive-list next0)))
             *collide-usually-hit-by-player-list*
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/data/art-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/data/art-h.gc
index df43fb9817..7672d05b87 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/data/art-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/data/art-h.gc
@@ -185,13 +185,13 @@
    (artist-step float            :offset 28)
    (master-art-group-name string :offset 32)
    (master-art-group-index int32 :offset 36)
-   
+
    ;; facial animation
    (blerc-data (pointer uint8) :offset 40) ;; todo, this is probably something else
-   
+
    ;; compressed animation data
    (frames joint-anim-compressed-control :offset 44)
-   
+
    ;; per-joint info for each joint in the animation.
    (data joint-anim-compressed :dynamic)
    )
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@
   (-> obj skeleton bones 0 position)
   )
 
+;; look up the index of an art element in an art group.
 (desfun art-elt->index (ag-name elt-name)
   (if (number? elt-name)
       elt-name
@@ -424,7 +425,7 @@
         ;; set joint geometry and joint bones
         (set! (-> skel jgeo) ,(art-elt->index (string->symbol-format "{}-ag" art-name) joint-geom))
         (set! (-> skel janim) ,(art-elt->index (string->symbol-format "{}-ag" art-name) joint-anim))
-        
+
         ;; set lods
         ,@(apply-i (lambda (x i)
                       `(begin
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/debug/memory-usage-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/debug/memory-usage-h.gc
index e9c4cc7ec0..969f0fc0b8 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/debug/memory-usage-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/debug/memory-usage-h.gc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 (deftype memory-usage-block (basic)
   ((work-bsp basic       :offset-assert 4)
    (length   int32       :offset-assert 8)
-   (data     memory-usage-info 109 :inline :offset-assert 16) ;; guess
+   (data     memory-usage-info 109 :inline :offset-assert 16)
    )
   :method-count-assert 12
   :size-assert         #x6e0
@@ -58,14 +58,13 @@
 ;; bit 3 : count tie colors 2 (geom 2)
 ;; bit 4 : ?? (geom 3)
 
-
 ;; Memory usage stats are organized by the type of object.
 ;; This enum allows you to go from type to the index in the memory-usage-block's data array.
 (defenum mem-usage-id
     :bitfield #f
     :type uint32
     (drawable-group 0)
-    (tfragment-unknown 1) ;; made up name
+    (tfragment 1)
     (tfragment-base 2)
     (tfragment-common 3)
     (tfragment-level0 4)
@@ -75,11 +74,11 @@
     (tfragment-pal 8)
     (tie-fragment 9)
     (tie-gif 10)
-    (tie-point 11)
+    (tie-points 11)
     (tie-colors 12)
     (tie-draw-points 13)
     (tie-debug 14)
-    ;; 15??
+    (tie-near 15)
     (tie-pal 16)
     (tie-generic 17)
     (instance-tie 18)
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@
     (instance-tie-colors1 20)
     (instance-tie-colors2 21)
     (instance-tie-colors3 22)
-    (instance-tie-colors 23)
+    (instance-tie-colors* 23)
     (prototype-bucket-shrub 24)
     (generic-shrub 25)
     (generic-shrub-data 26)
@@ -98,7 +97,9 @@
     (shrubbery-stq 31)
     (shrubbery-pal 32)
     (billboard 33)
-    ;; ???
+    (instance-shrubbery 34)
+    (pris-fragment 35)
+    ;; ??
     (entity 43)
     (camera 44)
     (nav-mesh 45)
@@ -138,10 +139,10 @@
     (string 80)
     (array 81)
     (sprite 82)
-    ;;
+    (depth-cue 83)
     (debug-dma 84) ;; maybe
     (sky-dma 85) ;; maybe
-    ;;
+    (pris-generic)
     (4k-dead-pool 87)
     (8k-dead-pool 88)
     (16k-dead-pool 89)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/draw/draw-node-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/draw/draw-node-h.gc
index 7fef4ef929..e94ad51523 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/draw/draw-node-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/draw/draw-node-h.gc
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 ;; - all leaves are stored at the same depth
 ;; - all nodes and leaves have visibility IDs
 
-;; shrub does not have these properties
+;; shrub does not have these properties - it supports arbitrary children counts, leaves
+;; may occur at any depth, and nothing has visibility ids.
 
 (deftype draw-node (drawable)
   ((child-count uint8          :offset 6)   ;; if our child requires a count
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@
   :method-count-assert 18
   :size-assert         #x20
   :flag-assert         #x1200000020
-  ;; field distance is a float printed as hex? 
+  ;; field distance is a float printed as hex?
   )
 
 
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-ambient-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-ambient-h.gc
index b9c915d389..82c5333119 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-ambient-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-ambient-h.gc
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@
    (trans              vector        :offset-assert 120)
    (sound-id           sound-id      :offset-assert 124)
    (mode               symbol        :offset-assert 128)
-   (total-time         time-frame         :offset-assert 136)
-   (total-off-time     time-frame         :offset-assert 144)
-   (last-time          time-frame         :offset-assert 152)
+   (total-time         time-frame    :offset-assert 136)
+   (total-off-time     time-frame    :offset-assert 144)
+   (last-time          time-frame    :offset-assert 152)
    (voicebox           handle        :offset-assert 160)
    )
   :heap-base #x40
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-h.gc
index c434710d67..97ed034a64 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-h.gc
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 ;; and that certain methods should only be called at certain times, and may require coordination
 ;; with having certain VU0 or scratchpad data present.
 ;; In many cases, "draw" simply adds data to a buffer that must later be converted to dma in finish-background
-;; or similar.
+;; or similar.  Or just does nothing.
 
 (declare-type drawable-error drawable)
 (deftype drawable (basic)
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@
 
     ;; different for different types, but usually does nothing.
     (debug-draw (_type_ drawable display-frame) none 15)
-    
+
     ;; given VIS data (uncompressed), compute the visiblity bit string.
     (unpack-vis (_type_ (pointer int8) (pointer int8)) (pointer int8) 16)
-    
+
     ;; find "ambients" inside the given sphere and add to list.
     (collect-ambients (_type_ sphere int ambient-list) none 17)
     )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-inline-array-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-inline-array-h.gc
index f30a81257b..4a203a5d28 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-inline-array-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/draw/drawable-inline-array-h.gc
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 ;; it's used over drawable-group when there are a lot of drawables to iterate over because it is faster.
 
 ;; a drawable-inline-array itself has no idea what it stores so you almost always need a more specific type.
+;; without a more specific type, the stride of the elements is unknown.
 
 (deftype drawable-inline-array (drawable)
   ((length  int16          :offset 6)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/draw/process-drawable.gc b/goal_src/engine/draw/process-drawable.gc
index 7d4fb713af..bc504a5235 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/draw/process-drawable.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/draw/process-drawable.gc
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
           (set! gp-0 (the-as cspace-array #f))
           (goto cfg-16)
           )
-        (let ((v1-10 ((method-of-type cspace dummy-9) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)) #f)))
+        (let ((v1-10 ((method-of-type cspace reset-and-assign-geo!) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)) #f)))
           (set! (-> v1-10 bone) (the-as bone (-> s4-1 bones)))
           (let ((a0-6 (-> gp-0 data)))
             (set! (-> a0-6 0 param0) cspace<-transformq!)
@@ -179,13 +179,13 @@
           (set! (-> v1-10 bone cache bone-matrix) (the-as uint 0))
           )
         0
-        (let ((v1-14 (dummy-9 (-> gp-0 data 1) #f)))
+        (let ((v1-14 (reset-and-assign-geo! (-> gp-0 data 1) #f)))
           (set! (-> v1-14 joint) (-> arg0 data 0))
           (set! (-> v1-14 bone) (-> s4-1 bones 1))
           (set! (-> v1-14 parent) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)))
           (set! (-> v1-14 bone cache bone-matrix) (the-as uint 128))
           )
-        (let ((v1-17 (dummy-9 (-> gp-0 data 2) #f)))
+        (let ((v1-17 (reset-and-assign-geo! (-> gp-0 data 2) #f)))
           (set! (-> v1-17 joint) (-> arg0 data 1))
           (set! (-> v1-17 bone) (-> s4-1 bones 2))
           (set! (-> v1-17 parent) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)))
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
                              0
                              )
                          )
-                   (v1-29 (dummy-9 (-> gp-0 data s3-0) #f))
+                   (v1-29 (reset-and-assign-geo! (-> gp-0 data s3-0) #f))
                    )
               (set! (-> v1-29 joint) s1-0)
               (set! (-> v1-29 bone) (-> s4-1 bones s3-0))
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
     )
   ; (draw-bone-lines obj)
   ;; (draw-joint-spheres obj)
-  
+
   0
   (none)
   )
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@
               )
   "set various joint anim parameters for self and eval them.
    you can use this for playing animations!
-   
+
    chan         = the channel to modify. defaults to 0 (base channel). this is usually what you want.
    group!       = when not #f, set this as the new frame-group. defaults to #f
    num!         = set the frame playback function. this is what determines what frame an animation is at. funcs below.
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@
    frame-num    = set the frame-num field.
    frame-interp = set the frame-interp field.
    dist         = set the dist field.
-   
+
    available num! functions:
    - (+!)       = advance anim.
    - (-!)       = reverse anim.
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@
    - min = the start of the animation.
    - max = the end of the animation.
    "
-  
+
   (let* ((num-args (if (pair? num!) (cdr num!) '()))
         (num! (if (pair? num!) (car num!) num!))
         (nf (cond
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@
   (none)
   )
 
-(defmethod dummy-9 joint-control ((obj joint-control))
+(defmethod current-cycle-distance joint-control ((obj joint-control))
   (cond
     ((< (the-as int (-> obj root-channel)) (the-as int (-> obj channel (-> obj active-channels))))
      (let ((s5-0 (-> obj root-channel (-> obj root-channel 0 group-size)))
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@
 
 (defbehavior process-drawable-delay-player process-drawable ((arg0 time-frame))
   (while (and *target*
-              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
               (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
               )
     (suspend)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/game/game-info-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/game/game-info-h.gc
index 084476ff20..52e1c21ba8 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/game/game-info-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/game/game-info-h.gc
@@ -38,12 +38,19 @@
   :flag-assert #x900000004
   )
 
-;; the possible state for a level.
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Load State
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;; The load state system lets gameplay code control the loading state of the game.
+;; It is the interface to the code inside of level.gc that actually manages loads.
+
+;; the possible load state for a level.
 (deftype level-buffer-state (structure)
-  ((name          symbol :offset-assert 0) ;; level name
-   (display?      symbol :offset-assert 4) ;; should it be drawn?
-   (force-vis?    symbol :offset-assert 8) ;; ? should it have its vis loaded?
-   (force-inside? symbol :offset-assert 12) ;; ?
+  ((name          symbol :offset-assert 0)  ;; level name
+   (display?      symbol :offset-assert 4)  ;; should it be drawn?
+   (force-vis?    symbol :offset-assert 8)  ;; force everything to be visible.
+   (force-inside? symbol :offset-assert 12) ;; force player to be considered inside.
    )
   :pack-me
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -51,11 +58,13 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000010
   )
 
+;; This includes more state than just "loading" - it also has a list of commands to execute and
+;; other random state.
 (deftype load-state (basic)
-  ((want          level-buffer-state  2 :inline  :offset-assert 4)
-   (vis-nick      symbol     :offset-assert 36)
-   (command-list  pair       :offset-assert 40)
-   (object-name   symbol 256 :offset-assert 44)
+  ((want          level-buffer-state  2 :inline  :offset-assert 4) ;; the two levels we want loaded
+   (vis-nick      symbol     :offset-assert 36) ;; the vis file we have loaded
+   (command-list  pair       :offset-assert 40) ;; list of additional commands
+   (object-name   symbol 256 :offset-assert 44) ;; state of various in-game objects
    (object-status basic  256 :offset-assert 1068)
    )
   :method-count-assert 21
@@ -87,6 +96,10 @@
 (define-extern *load-state* load-state)
 
 
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Game Info
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
 (defenum continue-flags
   :type uint32
   :bitfield #t
@@ -151,22 +164,22 @@
    (text-ids-seen         bit-array                     :offset-assert 112)
    (level-opened          uint8                      32 :offset-assert 116)
    (hint-control          (array level-hint-control)    :offset-assert 148)
-   (task-hint-control     (array task-hint-control-group)                         :offset-assert 152)
+   (task-hint-control     (array task-hint-control-group) :offset-assert 152)
    (total-deaths          int32                         :offset-assert 156)
    (continue-deaths       int32                         :offset-assert 160)
    (fuel-cell-deaths      int32                         :offset-assert 164)
-   (game-start-time       time-frame                        :offset-assert 168)
-   (continue-time         time-frame                        :offset-assert 176)
-   (death-time            time-frame                        :offset-assert 184)
-   (hit-time              time-frame                        :offset-assert 192)
-   (fuel-cell-pickup-time time-frame                        :offset-assert 200)
-   (fuel-cell-time        (array time-frame)                :offset-assert 208)
-   (enter-level-time      (array time-frame)                :offset-assert 212)
-   (in-level-time         (array time-frame)                :offset-assert 216)
-   (blackout-time         time-frame                        :offset-assert 224)
-   (letterbox-time        time-frame                        :offset-assert 232) ;; time to turn off letterboxing, base-frame
-   (hint-play-time        time-frame                        :offset-assert 240)
-   (display-text-time     time-frame                        :offset-assert 248)
+   (game-start-time       time-frame                    :offset-assert 168)
+   (continue-time         time-frame                    :offset-assert 176)
+   (death-time            time-frame                    :offset-assert 184)
+   (hit-time              time-frame                    :offset-assert 192)
+   (fuel-cell-pickup-time time-frame                    :offset-assert 200)
+   (fuel-cell-time        (array time-frame)            :offset-assert 208)
+   (enter-level-time      (array time-frame)            :offset-assert 212)
+   (in-level-time         (array time-frame)            :offset-assert 216)
+   (blackout-time         time-frame                    :offset-assert 224)
+   (letterbox-time        time-frame                    :offset-assert 232) ;; time to turn off letterboxing, base-frame
+   (hint-play-time        time-frame                    :offset-assert 240)
+   (display-text-time     time-frame                    :offset-assert 248)
    (display-text-handle   handle                        :offset-assert 256)
    (death-movie-tick      int32                         :offset-assert 264)
    (want-auto-save        symbol                        :offset-assert 268)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/game/powerups.gc b/goal_src/engine/game/powerups.gc
index b1d85ac8ac..96f264e8dc 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/game/powerups.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/game/powerups.gc
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@
        (change-sound! (-> self sound) (static-sound-name "blue-eco-jak"))
        (let ((v1-150 (rand-vu-int-range 3 (+ (-> self node-list length) -1))))
          (cond
-           ((and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+           ((and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                  (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                  )
             (set! (-> *part-id-table* 259 init-specs 4 initial-valuef) 0.0)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/game/task/hint-control-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/game/task/hint-control-h.gc
index 17f595f963..725cdde68a 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/game/task/hint-control-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/game/task/hint-control-h.gc
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 ;; name in dgo: hint-control-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; The "hint" system is used to give the player hints if they appear to be stuck
+;; Hints can belong to either a level or a task.  The hint-control types have
+;; parameters about how often the hints should come, and what they are tied to.
+
 (defenum hint-command
   (if-unknown 0)
   (if-known 1)
@@ -22,21 +26,23 @@
   (if-at-most-need-reminder-a 13)
   )
 
+;; information about an in-level hint. These aren't tied to a specific object or task.
 (deftype level-hint-control (structure)
-  ((delay-before-playing        time-frame  :offset-assert 0)
+  ((delay-before-playing        time-frame    :offset-assert 0)
    (id                          game-text-id  :offset-assert 8)
-   (num-attempts-before-playing int8    :offset-assert 12)
-   (num-success-before-killing  int8    :offset-assert 13)
-   (num-attempts                int8    :offset-assert 14)
-   (num-success                 int8    :offset-assert 15)
-   (start-time                  time-frame   :offset-assert 16)
-   (last-time-called            time-frame   :offset-assert 24)
+   (num-attempts-before-playing int8          :offset-assert 12)
+   (num-success-before-killing  int8          :offset-assert 13)
+   (num-attempts                int8          :offset-assert 14)
+   (num-success                 int8          :offset-assert 15)
+   (start-time                  time-frame    :offset-assert 16)
+   (last-time-called            time-frame    :offset-assert 24)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x20
   :flag-assert         #x900000020
   )
 
+;; a "task hint" is explicitly tied to an in-game task.
 (deftype task-hint-control (structure)
   ((task  game-task   :offset-assert 0)
    (delay time-frame  :offset-assert 8)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/game/task/process-taskable.gc b/goal_src/engine/game/task/process-taskable.gc
index df5b53eabf..ec7f10017d 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/game/task/process-taskable.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/game/task/process-taskable.gc
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@
 (defbehavior process-taskable-hide-enter process-taskable ()
   (set! (-> self state-time) (-> *display* base-frame-counter))
   (let ((v1-3 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-    (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+    (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
     )
   0
   (process-taskable-clean-up-after-talking)
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@
       (restore-collide-with-as (-> self root-override))
       (process-entity-status! self (entity-perm-status bit-3) #t)
       (let ((v1-7 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logclear! (-> v1-7 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logclear! (-> v1-7 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@
        )
       ((begin
          (dummy-46 self)
-         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                         (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                         )
                    )
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@
        )
       (else
         (let ((v1-10 gp-0))
-          (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+          (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
           )
         0
         )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-h.gc
index 33f533ab16..efb986982b 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-h.gc
@@ -10,6 +10,21 @@
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
 ;; The generic renderer is the slow but general renderer.
+;; On the EE side, it supports effects like lighting, environment mapping,
+;; level of detail, and skeletal animation.
+
+;; On the VU side, it has no effects, other than scissoring.
+
+;; It is slow for many reasons:
+;; - no EE side scissoring detection - each triangle is checked on the VU.
+;; - EE side effects waste lots of time packing to the upload format
+;; - no instancing support
+;; - no vertex duplication support
+
+;; There are three paths to using generic:
+;; - merc will use generic for scissoring or envmap (called mercneric)
+;; - shrub will use generic for scissoring
+;; - tie will use generic for envmap
 
 
 ;; gsf, what does it stand for?
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-vu1-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-vu1-h.gc
index ee79fc0b46..2226e74de6 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-vu1-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-vu1-h.gc
@@ -5,19 +5,20 @@
 ;; name in dgo: generic-vu1-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
-
+;; "pris" refers to foreground drawing, with normals.
 (deftype pris-mtx (structure)
   ((data   float 32      :offset 0)
    (vector vector 8 :inline       :offset 0)
-   (t-mtx  matrix  :inline :offset 0)
-   (n-mtx  matrix3 :inline :offset 64)
-   (scale  vector  :inline :offset 112)
+   (t-mtx  matrix  :inline :offset 0)        ;; transformation matrix (including perspective)
+   (n-mtx  matrix3 :inline :offset 64)       ;; rotation matrix for the normals
+   (scale  vector  :inline :offset 112)      ;; not sure this is used... merc doesn't do it this way.
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x80
   :flag-assert         #x900000080
   )
 
+;; ??
 (deftype generic-pris-mtx-save (structure)
   ((loc-mtx pris-mtx :inline :offset-assert 0)
    (par-mtx pris-mtx :inline :offset-assert 128)
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000180
   )
 
+;; VU1 constants for the generic renderer.
 (deftype generic-constants (structure)
   ((fog         vector :inline :offset-assert 0)
    (adgif       gs-gif-tag  :inline :offset-assert 16) ;; was qword
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-work-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-work-h.gc
index a4a4109a89..619366b20d 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-work-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/generic/generic-work-h.gc
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 ;; name in dgo: generic-work-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; common types for internal generic work.
+
 (deftype generic-input-buffer (structure)
   ((merc generic-merc-work :inline :offset   0)
    (tie  generic-tie-work  :inline :offset   0)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/lights-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/lights-h.gc
index c593ccf073..4cac1c0b3c 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/lights-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/lights-h.gc
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 ;; this type represents the lights that can be sent to the VU for merc (and maybe generic?) rendering.
 ;; it contains 3 directional lights and an ambient light.
+;; Note that the data is transposed to be faster for use in the VU code.
+;; the w components are unused for lighting information - you can put whatever you want in them...
 (deftype vu-lights (structure)
   ((direction vector 3 :inline :offset-assert 0)
    (color     vector 3 :inline :offset-assert 48)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/generic-merc-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/generic-merc-h.gc
index a0a8c9f7cf..36126859de 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/generic-merc-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/generic-merc-h.gc
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 ;; name in dgo: generic-merc-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; The "generic merc" renderer converts merc data to be used by generic.
+;; It is used for environment mapping and scissoring in the original game.
+
 (deftype merc-matrix (structure)
   ((quad   uint128 8                     :offset-assert 0)
    (vector vector  8 :inline :offset   0)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/merc-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/merc-h.gc
index bbb98a7af3..6e59fcfe60 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/merc-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/merc/merc-h.gc
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
 ;; name in dgo: merc-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; The "merc" renderer is the main foreground renderer.
+;; All foreground objects are stored in merc format.
+;; See bones.gc for where it's actually used and the pc port changes.
+
+;; The "ripple" system can apply a ripple effect (for waves or similar) to merc data.
+;; This defines which vertices should be rippled.
 (deftype ripple-merc-query (inline-array-class)
   ((start-vertex int32          :offset-assert 16)
    (vertex-skip  int32          :offset-assert 20)
@@ -16,37 +22,38 @@
   :size-assert         #x20
   :flag-assert         #x900000020
   )
-
 (set! (-> ripple-merc-query heap-base) 16)
 
 ;; header to fragments uploaded to VU.
+;; This gets upacked with v4_8 mode.
+;; for a more detailed description of the various formats, see extract_merc.cpp
+;; Note that a fragment may rely on vertices, GS state, and matrices from a previous
+;; fragment in the same merc "effect".
 (deftype merc-byte-header (structure)
-  ((srcdest-off        uint8    :offset-assert 0)
-   (rgba-off           uint8    :offset-assert 1)
-   (lump-off           uint8    :offset-assert 2)
-   (fp-off             uint8    :offset-assert 3)
-   (mat1-cnt           uint8    :offset-assert 4)
-   (mat2-cnt           uint8    :offset-assert 5)
-   (mat3-cnt           uint8    :offset-assert 6)
-   (samecopy-cnt       uint8    :offset-assert 7)
-   (crosscopy-cnt      uint8    :offset-assert 8)
-   (strip-len          uint8    :offset-assert 9)
-   (mm-quadword-fp-off uint8    :offset-assert 10)
-   (mm-quadword-size   uint8    :offset-assert 11)
-   (perc-off           uint8    :offset-assert 12)
-   (mat-slot           uint8 10 :offset-assert 13)
+  ;; these offsets are after unpacking/upload to VU.
+  ((srcdest-off        uint8    :offset-assert 0) ;; location of srcdst table for vertex copying
+   (rgba-off           uint8    :offset-assert 1) ;; location of rgba data
+   (lump-off           uint8    :offset-assert 2) ;; location of "lump" packed vertex data
+   (fp-off             uint8    :offset-assert 3) ;; location of "fp" data (adgif shader, some floats)
+
+   (mat1-cnt           uint8    :offset-assert 4) ;; number of vertices influenced by one bone
+   (mat2-cnt           uint8    :offset-assert 5) ;; two bone
+   (mat3-cnt           uint8    :offset-assert 6) ;; three bone
+
+   (samecopy-cnt       uint8    :offset-assert 7) ;; number of vertices to copy from this fragment
+   (crosscopy-cnt      uint8    :offset-assert 8) ;; copy vertices from previous fragment count
+   (strip-len          uint8    :offset-assert 9) ;; how long is the initial strip before a shader (may be 0, if starts with shader)
+   (mm-quadword-fp-off uint8    :offset-assert 10) ;; main memory offset of fp data
+   (mm-quadword-size   uint8    :offset-assert 11) ;; main memory size of whole fragment
+   (perc-off           uint8    :offset-assert 12) ;; bone weight table offset
+   (mat-slot           uint8 10 :offset-assert 13) ;; which matrices to upload where for this fragment
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x17
   :flag-assert         #x900000017
   )
 
-;; merc VU fragment.
-;; The mm-quadword-size includes the header.
-;; The data itself is split into two parts:
-;; - ??
-;; - fp data, containing a merc-fp-data then "fp" data.
-;; the merc-fragment-fp-data function will get a pointer to fp data.
+;; merc VU fragment: contains the header and data.
 (deftype merc-fragment (structure)
   ((header merc-byte-header :inline :offset-assert 0)
    (rest   uint8            1       :offset-assert 23)
@@ -59,16 +66,19 @@
     )
   )
 
+;; packed merc vertex, before unpack by VIF
+;; the meaning of flags is situation dependent in the renderer, see extract_merc.cpp
+;; for the details.
 (deftype merc-vtx (structure)
-  ((mat-0 uint8  :offset-assert 0)
-   (mat-1 uint8  :offset-assert 1)
-   (nrm-x uint8  :offset-assert 2)
-   (pos-x uint8  :offset-assert 3)
-   (dst-0 uint8  :offset-assert 4)
-   (dst-1 uint8  :offset-assert 5)
-   (nrm-y uint8  :offset-assert 6)
-   (pos-y uint8  :offset-assert 7)
-   (tex-s uint8  :offset-assert 8)
+  ((mat-0 uint8  :offset-assert 0)  ;; matrix number for first bone (and flags)
+   (mat-1 uint8  :offset-assert 1)  ;; matrix number for second bone (and flags)
+   (nrm-x uint8  :offset-assert 2)  ;; x component of normal
+   (pos-x uint8  :offset-assert 3)  ;; x component of position
+   (dst-0 uint8  :offset-assert 4)  ;; location to place vertex (and flags)
+   (dst-1 uint8  :offset-assert 5)  ;; location to place vertex 2 (and flags)
+   (nrm-y uint8  :offset-assert 6)  ;; normal
+   (pos-y uint8  :offset-assert 7)  ;; pos
+   (tex-s uint8  :offset-assert 8)  ;; texture coordinate
    (tex-t uint8  :offset-assert 9)
    (nrm-z uint8  :offset-assert 10)
    (pos-z uint8  :offset-assert 11)
@@ -99,9 +109,10 @@
   (the merc-fp-header (&+ arg0 (the-as uint (shl (-> arg0 header mm-quadword-fp-off) 4))))
   )
 
+;; a description of a matrix upload to merc
 (deftype merc-mat-dest (structure)
-  ((matrix-number uint8  :offset-assert 0)
-   (matrix-dest   uint8  :offset-assert 1)
+  ((matrix-number uint8  :offset-assert 0) ;; the matrix in the skeleton
+   (matrix-dest   uint8  :offset-assert 1) ;; the slot in the shader (only a small number available)
    )
   :pack-me
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -111,6 +122,7 @@
 
 ;; some info about a merc fragment that will stay on the EE.
 ;; the merc-effect contains a ref to one of these
+;; this is all the information needed to generate merc upload dma (counts/sizes)
 (deftype merc-fragment-control (structure)
   ((unsigned-four-count uint8          :offset-assert 0)
    (lump-four-count     uint8          :offset-assert 1)
@@ -123,11 +135,13 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000004
   )
 
+;; packed blend shape data
 (deftype merc-blend-data (structure) ;; was unknown!
   ((int8-data int8 :dynamic :offset-assert 0)
    )
   )
 
+;; info needed to set up blend shapes
 (deftype merc-blend-ctrl (structure)
   ((blend-vtx-count     uint8          :offset-assert 0)
    (nonzero-index-count uint8          :offset-assert 1)
@@ -138,10 +152,11 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000002
   )
 
+;; info for environment map "extra"
 (deftype mei-envmap-tint (structure)
-  ((fade0 float   :offset-assert 0)
-   (fade1 float   :offset-assert 4)
-   (tint  uint32  :offset-assert 8)
+  ((fade0 float   :offset-assert 0) ;; start fade
+   (fade1 float   :offset-assert 4) ;; end fade
+   (tint  uint32  :offset-assert 8) ;; envmap color
    (dummy int32   :offset-assert 12)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -149,6 +164,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000010
   )
 
+;; info for texture scrolling "extra"
 (deftype mei-texture-scroll (structure)
   ((max-dist     float   :offset-assert 0)
    (st-int-scale uint8   :offset-assert 4)
@@ -163,6 +179,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000010
   )
 
+;; info for ripple effect "extra"
 (deftype mei-ripple (structure)
   ((x-base    float  :offset-assert 0)
    (z-base    float  :offset-assert 4)
@@ -174,6 +191,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000010
   )
 
+;; locations of the "extra"s.
 (deftype merc-extra-info (structure)
   ((envmap-tint-offset    uint8    :offset-assert 0)
    (shader-offset         uint8    :offset-assert 1)
@@ -186,6 +204,8 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000010
   )
 
+;; a collection of fragments that must be sent all together.
+;; and their extra effects.
 (deftype merc-effect (structure)
   ((frag-geo         merc-fragment          :offset-assert 0)
    (frag-ctrl        merc-fragment-control  :offset-assert 4)
@@ -200,7 +220,7 @@
    (dummy1           uint8                  :offset-assert 26)
    (envmap-usage     uint8                  :offset-assert 27)
    (extra-info       merc-extra-info        :offset-assert 28)
-   
+
    ;; added
    (data uint64 4 :offset 0)
    )
@@ -212,10 +232,15 @@
     )
   )
 
+;; eye info (for a single eye)
+;; there's a pupil, iris, and lid. The pupil and iris can move around (together),
+;; The pupil/iris can be scaled (independtenly)
+;; the eyelid goes up and down
 (deftype merc-eye-ctrl (structure)
-  ((eye-slot      int8                 :offset-assert 0)
-   (shader-offset int8                 :offset-assert 1)
+  ((eye-slot      int8                 :offset-assert 0) ;; slot in anim data
+   (shader-offset int8                 :offset-assert 1) ;; offset in merc data
    (shader-count  int8                 :offset-assert 2)
+   ;; copies of the shader.
    (iris-shader   adgif-shader :inline :offset-assert 16)
    (pupil-shader  adgif-shader :inline :offset-assert 96)
    (lid-shader    adgif-shader :inline :offset-assert 176)
@@ -226,6 +251,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000100
   )
 
+;; single frame for eye animation
 (deftype merc-eye-anim-frame (structure)
   ((pupil-trans-x int8   :offset-assert 0)
    (pupil-trans-y int8   :offset-assert 1)
@@ -241,6 +267,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000008
   )
 
+;; just an array of eye anim frames.
 (deftype merc-eye-anim-block (structure)
   ((max-frame int16          :offset-assert 0)
    (data      merc-eye-anim-frame :inline :dynamic :offset 8)
@@ -251,7 +278,8 @@
   )
 
 
-;; metadata for merc art
+;; metadata for merc art for a single model
+;; mostly just stats and parameters used in dma/rendering.
 (deftype merc-ctrl-header (structure)
   ((xyz-scale              float            :offset-assert 0)
    (st-magic               uint32           :offset-assert 4)
@@ -297,10 +325,10 @@
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x50
   :flag-assert         #x900000050
-  ;; field xyz-scale is a float printed as hex? 
+  ;; field xyz-scale is a float printed as hex?
   )
 
-;; the actual merc art object.
+;; the actual merc art object: a header and list of effects
 (deftype merc-ctrl (art-element)
   ((num-joints int32                     :offset 20)
    (header     merc-ctrl-header :inline  :offset-assert 32)
@@ -311,6 +339,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #xd00000070
   )
 
+;; low memory upload to vu1 for merc (which merc later writes over)
 (deftype merc-vu1-low-mem (structure)
   ((tri-strip-gif gs-gif-tag   :inline :offset-assert 0) ;; was qword
    (ad-gif        gs-gif-tag   :inline :offset-assert 16) ;; was qword
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/mood-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/mood-h.gc
index 67491702c4..7284fafcf8 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/mood-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/mood-h.gc
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
 ;; the "mood" system sets the fog, lights, and sun to smoothly blend between two levels.
-;; each level has 8 "moods".
+;; each level has 8 "moods" corresponding to the 8 times of day.
+;; the mood system blends together moods to create smooth transitions between levels and times of day.
 
 ;; set of fog parameters
 (deftype mood-fog (structure)
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@
    ;; these "times" are the time-of-day weights. the w is the weight, the rest is just 1.
    (times                vector  8 :inline         :offset-assert 1696)
    (sky-times            float           8         :offset-assert 1824)
+   ;; times as integers. For use in rendering code.
    (itimes               vector4w        4 :inline :offset-assert 1856)
    (state                uint8             16      :offset-assert 1920)
    (num-stars            float                     :offset-assert 1936)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu-h.gc
index 6a98a3893a..66c3879376 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu-h.gc
@@ -5,52 +5,33 @@
 ;; name in dgo: shadow-cpu-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; The shadow renderer is partially on the EE and on VU1.
+;; This "shadow-cpu" portion is what runs on the EE.
+
+;; The renderer generates a shadow volume and uses some bits in the alpha plane like a stencil buffer.
+;; It reuses the bones of the merc renderer, but uses a simplified mesh and at most 2 bones per vertex.
+
 (defenum shadow-flags
   :bitfield #t
   :type int32
   (shdf00)
-  (shdf01)
+  (disable-fade) ;; ignore max distance settings
   (shdf02)
   (shdf03)
   (shdf04)
-  (shdf05)
-  (shdf06)
-  (shdf07)
-  (shdf08)
-  (shdf09)
-  (shdf10)
-  (shdf11)
-  (shdf12)
-  (shdf13)
-  (shdf14)
-  (shdf15)
-  (shdf16)
-  (shdf17)
-  (shdf18)
-  (shdf19)
-  (shdf20)
-  (shdf21)
-  (shdf22)
-  (shdf23)
-  (shdf24)
-  (shdf25)
-  (shdf26)
-  (shdf27)
-  (shdf28)
-  (shdf29)
-  (shdf30)
-  (shdf31)
+  (disable-draw) ;; disable completely.
   )
 
+;; settings computed by the user, consumed by the shadow renderer
 (deftype shadow-settings (structure)
-  ((center        vector :inline :offset-assert 0)
-   (flags         shadow-flags   :offset 12)
+  ((center        vector :inline :offset-assert 0)  ;; unused?
+   (flags         shadow-flags   :offset 12)        ;; used to disable, most other flags do nothing?
    (shadow-dir    vector :inline :offset-assert 16)
    (dist-to-locus float          :offset 28)
-   (bot-plane     plane  :inline :offset-assert 32)
+   (bot-plane     plane  :inline :offset-assert 32) ;; volume clip plane
    (top-plane     plane  :inline :offset-assert 48)
-   (fade-dist     float          :offset-assert 64)
-   (fade-start    float          :offset-assert 68)
+   (fade-dist     float          :offset-assert 64) ;; if past this, stop drawing shadow
+   (fade-start    float          :offset-assert 68) ;; distance where fadeout starts
    (dummy-2       int32          :offset-assert 72)
    (dummy-3       int32          :offset-assert 76)
    (fade-vec      vector :inline :offset 64) ;; added
@@ -72,7 +53,7 @@
     (set-offset-bit (shadow-control) int 10)
     (set-top-plane-offset (shadow-control float) int 11)
     (set-bottom-plane-offset (shadow-control float) int 12)
-    (dummy-13 (_type_) none 13)
+    (unused-13 (_type_) none 13)
     (update-direction-from-time-of-day (_type_) none 14)
     (collide-to-find-planes (_type_ vector float float float) none 15)
     )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu.gc
index 7a076be527..21b921fd1d 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/shadow/shadow-cpu.gc
@@ -590,11 +590,11 @@
       (set! (-> v1-0 y) (+ 4096.0 (-> v1-0 y)))
       (set-vector! a2-1 0.0 (- arg3) 0.0 1.0)
       (cond
-        ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* v1-0 a2-1 8192.0 (collide-kind background) pp s4-0 1)
+        ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* v1-0 a2-1 8192.0 (collide-kind background) pp s4-0 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
              0.0
              )
          (let ((v1-2 obj))
-           (logclear! (-> v1-2 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+           (logclear! (-> v1-2 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
            )
          0
          (let ((v1-4 obj))
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
          )
         (else
           (let ((v1-7 obj))
-            (logior! (-> v1-7 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+            (logior! (-> v1-7 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
             )
           0
           )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc
index 21b2213826..acab5a8189 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/texture.gc
@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@
 ;; During a level load, the first texture-page loaded is TFRAG, which contains both "near" and "common" data.
 ;; TFRAG is the only known thing to use "near"
 
-;; Note: there is something weird going on with the zoomer hud texture.
-
 ;; On the DVD, textures are stored in "tpage files".  Each file contains:
 ;; - a texture-page object, describing the file
 ;; - a texture object per texture, describing each texture (possibly multiple textures, mipmapped textures are considered 1 "texture")
@@ -65,13 +63,13 @@
 ;; the first 0x24000 words are for level 0, and the last 0x24000 words are for level 1.
 ;; the stuff in the middle is shared and lazily loaded as needed.
 
-;; there are 5 texture uploads per frame:
+;; there are 5 texture uploads per frame per level:
 ;; - TFRAG
 ;; - PRIS
 ;; - SHRUB
 ;; - ALPHA
 ;; - WATER
-;; it is unknown how this works when drawing two levels.
+;; And also a single "common" texture upload for textures like HUD.
 
 ;; Generally, "dest" refers to a location in vram, specified in 32-bit words.
 ;; block-data is a pointer to EE memory containing texture data.
@@ -134,9 +132,7 @@
         (+ (-> arg0 data (mem-usage-id texture) count) (-> obj length)))
 
   ;; We subtract off the size of the textures. This makes the memory usage negative!
-  ;; I don't understand why this happens, but
-  ;;  - it matches the game (texture size shows up as negative in the debug menu)
-  ;;  - the game sizes seem correct.
+  ;; I don't see why this is correct.
   (let ((v1-7 (- (asize-of obj) (the-as int (shl (-> obj size) 2)))))
     ;; add 64-bytes for each entry, the size of texture.
     (dotimes (a0-6 (-> obj length))
@@ -562,7 +558,7 @@
   (allocate-defaults! obj)
   (set! (-> obj font-palette) (allocate-vram-words! obj 64))
 
-  ;; clear out common pages.
+  ;; mark the common page area as not-uploaded.
   (dotimes (v1-6 32)
     (set! (-> obj common-page v1-6) (the-as texture-page 0))
     )
@@ -979,6 +975,8 @@
 
 (defun upload-vram-pages-pris ((pool texture-pool) (segment texture-pool-segment) (page texture-page) (bucket-idx bucket-id) (needed-mask int))
   "Upload the entire texture page. If the needed-mask is not set, it will not upload those chunks.
+   Unlike other pages, it's pretty easy to determine a mask of needed textures - if you draw no cows, don't bother
+   uploading cow textures.
    Upload will be added to the given bucket for on-screen.
    The nth bit of the mask determines if the nth 16-kB chunk is needed in this upload.
    A 64-bit mask is enough to address the entire common segment, which is the only destination for PRIS textures."
@@ -1109,13 +1107,11 @@
     )
 
   ;; upload near data, and update the upload cache stuff.
-  ;; Doesn't this upload more than is needed, and also the shared texture memory?
-  ;; How does this avoid overwriting the TFRAG textures that might be in use by the
-  ;; currently rendering frame?
+  ;; I think this relies on "mode 2" uploads only being in the private area.
   (upload-now! page 2)
   (update-vram-pages pool (-> pool segment-near) page 2)
 
-  ;; our strategy is to remove the private memory from RAM.
+  ;; our strategy is to remove the private memory from RAM to save memory, now that it's in VRAM.
   ;; to avoid leaving an unused hole, we copy the shared data backward.
   ;; unfortunately, it would be too slow to do it now.
   ;; this function runs during level loading, during the login of the linked tpage file.
@@ -1208,7 +1204,7 @@
     (cond
       ((< (the-as uint NEAR_PRIVATE_WORDS) seg2-size)
        ;; we use the shared part. Kick out only the non-shared texture.
-       ;; it's on th end this time, so no mempcy like in near-allocate-0
+       ;; it's on the end this time, so no mempcy like in near-allocate-0
        (set! (-> page segment 2 size) (+ -147456 (the-as int seg2-size)))
        (set! (-> heap current)
         (&+ (-> page segment 2 block-data) (shl (-> page segment 2 size) 2))
@@ -1377,7 +1373,8 @@
     )
 
   (if (>= max-page-kind 0) ;; tfrag.
-      ;; login with near allocator.
+      ;; login the texture. If the texture isn't there, it will try to load it
+      ;; and allocate with the given allocation function.
       (let ((tfrag-dir-entry (texture-page-login
                               (-> id-array 0)
                               (if (= (-> level index) 1)
@@ -2068,7 +2065,8 @@
   )
 
 (defmethod relocate texture-page ((obj texture-page) (arg0 kheap) (arg1 (pointer uint8)))
-  "Add to VRAM and allocate links"
+  "Add to VRAM and allocate links.
+   This method is called by the GOAL linker when it loads a texture page."
   (tex-dbg "loaded tpage ~A~%" obj
            ;;(-> obj info file-name)
            ;;(-> obj info maya-file-name)
@@ -2171,7 +2169,7 @@
                              #f
                              )
                    )
-                 ;; and load it! The loado links but doesn't execute
+                 ;; and load it! The loado links but doesn't execute the relocate method.
                  (s2-0 (the-as texture-page (loado file-name heap)))
                  )
             ;; if we loaded, relocate!
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/generic-tie-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/generic-tie-h.gc
index a1ae992681..7b132b63b2 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/generic-tie-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/generic-tie-h.gc
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 ;; name in dgo: generic-tie-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; Generic tie converts tie data to generic and supports environment mapping.
+
 (deftype generic-tie-instance (structure)
   ((matrix-tag  dma-packet :inline :offset-assert 0)
    (matrix-data vector   6 :inline :offset-assert 16)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/prototype-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/prototype-h.gc
index 0f82cf5a52..d0a210e652 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/prototype-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/tie/prototype-h.gc
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 
 ;; The "prototype" system is used for instanced background rendering (shrub and tie).
 
-;; The first type is the bucket.  There's one bucket per prototype.  Each prototype can have up to
-;; 4 geometries (level of details). Lower numbers are higher detail.
+;; The first type is the bucket.  There's one bucket per prototype which collects instances.
+;; Each prototype can have up to 4 geometries (level of details). Lower numbers are higher detail.
 ;; During drawing, the engine will build linked lists of instance data.  Each instance will pick
 ;; a geom, based on distance from the camera (or other settings) and will add itself to the list
 ;; for that geom.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
    (rdists        vector   :inline :offset-assert  48) ;; lod settings
    (next          uint32   4       :offset-assert  64) ;; linked list of instances of each geom.
    (count         uint16   4       :offset-assert  80) ;; number of each instance with each geom.
-   
+
    ;; overlays
    (near-plane    meters           :offset         32)
    (near-stiff    meters           :offset         36)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
   )
 
 ;; all tie prototypes and pointer to level's wind data.
-;; in practice, they are shared with all tie/shrub trees in the level 
+;; in practice, they are shared with all tie/shrub trees in the level
 (deftype proxy-prototype-array-tie (basic)
   ((prototype-array-tie prototype-array-tie   :offset-assert 4)
    (wind-vectors        uint32  :offset-assert 8)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/gfx/wind-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/gfx/wind-h.gc
index 51ad5d39e8..aa66bbc04b 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/gfx/wind-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/gfx/wind-h.gc
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 ;; name in dgo: wind-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
-;; These "wind" types are used in the tie/shrub renderers.
+;; These "wind" types are used in the tie/shrub renderers to make things sway in the breeze.
+;; It generates vectors that are applied as shear to the instance matrices.
 
 (deftype wind-vector (structure)
   ((wind-pos vector2w :inline :offset-assert 0)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc
index b0884e8362..8cfd1d06c7 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/logic-target.gc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
     )
   (let ((s5-0 (new-stack-vector0)))
     (vector-z-quaternion! s5-0 (-> self control unknown-quaternion00))
-    (when (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf01))
+    (when (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags dive))
       (vector-flatten! s5-0 s5-0 (-> self control dynam gravity-normal))
       (vector-normalize! s5-0 1.0)
       )
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
       (let ((f1-1 (* 0.0625 f1-0)))
         (set! (-> self control unknown-int10) a0-3)
         (set! (-> self control unknown-float100) f1-1)
-        (if (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf03))
+        (if (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags no-turn-around))
             (set! (-> v1-6 0) (the-as uint (-> *display* base-frame-counter)))
             )
         (and (>= (the-as uint (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (the-as int (-> v1-6 0)))) (the-as uint 300))
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@
               )
             (if (and (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags twall)))
                      (logtest? (-> self control old-status) (cshape-moving-flags twall))
-                     (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                     (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                      (< 0.0 (-> gp-0 y))
                      (< 0.0 (vector-dot
                               (-> self control dynam gravity-normal)
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@
                 )
             (if (and (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags twall)))
                      (and (logtest? (-> self control old-status) (cshape-moving-flags twall))
-                          (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                          (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                           (< 0.0 (-> gp-0 y))
                           (< (-> gp-0 z) 0.0)
                           )
@@ -906,10 +906,10 @@
                        (!= (-> self next-state name) 'target-walk)
                        (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self state-time)) (seconds 0.5))
                        (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control unknown-dword21)) (seconds 0.5))
-                       (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf04))
+                       (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags no-rotate-toward-transv))
                        (!= (-> self control unknown-float41) 0.0)
                        )
-                   (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf05)))
+                   (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags always-rotate-toward-transv)))
                    )
               (-> self control unknown-vector20)
               (-> self control transv)
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@
              (zero? (logand (-> *kernel-context* prevent-from-run) (process-mask movie)))
              )
     (if (and (= (-> self cam-user-mode) 'normal)
-             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf00))
+             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags allow-look-around))
              (zero? (logand (-> self control root-prim prim-core action) (collide-action ca-7 ca-8 ca-9 ca-12 ca-13 ca-14))
                     )
              (-> *setting-control* current allow-look-around)
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@
     (set! (-> self control surf) *standard-ground-surface*)
     )
   (let ((f0-17 (vector-dot (-> self control dynam gravity-normal) (-> self control transv))))
-    (if (and (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf10))
+    (if (and (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags allow-edge-grab))
                  (and (= (-> self next-state name) 'target-walk)
                       (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/pat-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/pat-h.gc
index 41fd516ac7..726264d848 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/pat-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/pat-h.gc
@@ -54,16 +54,18 @@
   )
 
 (deftype pat-surface (uint32)
-  ((skip          uint8        :offset   0 :size   3)
-   (mode          pat-mode     :offset   3 :size   3)
-   (material      pat-material :offset   6 :size   6)
-   (camera        uint8        :offset  12 :size   2)
-   (event         pat-event    :offset  14 :size   6)
-   (noentity      uint8        :offset   0 :size   1)
-   (nocamera      uint8        :offset   1 :size   1)
-   (noedge        uint8        :offset   2 :size   1)
-   (nolineofsight uint8        :offset  12 :size   1)
-   (unknown-bit   uint8        :offset  15 :size   1)
+  ((skip          uint8        :offset   0 :size   3) ;; overlay the "no" fields later on
+   (mode          pat-mode     :offset   3 :size   3) ;; ground/wall/obstacle for collision system
+   (material      pat-material :offset   6 :size   6) ;; material for effects (sound, particles, surfaces...)
+   (camera        uint8        :offset  12 :size   2) ;; 2 bits for camera (used later)
+   (event         pat-event    :offset  14 :size   6) ;; what happens if we hit this?
+   (noentity      uint8        :offset   0 :size   1) ;; collisions for actors/jak/etc ignore this
+   (nocamera      uint8        :offset   1 :size   1) ;; collisions for camera ignore this
+   (noedge        uint8        :offset   2 :size   1) ;; seems unused? maybe no edge grab?
+   (nolineofsight uint8        :offset  12 :size   1) ;; camera don't worry about this object blocking line-of-sight to jak.
+   ;; 13 belongs to "camera", but seems unsed.
+   ;; 14 is unused?
+   (unknown-bit   uint8        :offset  15 :size   1) ;; maybe death plane?
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
   :size-assert         #x4
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@
   (enum->string pat-event (-> pat event))
   )
 
+;; for debug drawing pat's by mode.
 (deftype pat-mode-info (structure)
   ((name         string  :offset-assert 0)
    (wall-angle   float   :offset-assert 4)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/surface-h.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/surface-h.gc
index c364f5dae0..1f600eb1e1 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/surface-h.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/surface-h.gc
@@ -5,41 +5,43 @@
 ;; name in dgo: surface-h
 ;; dgos: GAME, ENGINE
 
+;; A "surface" contains parameters for how Jak will behave.
+;; It can be used for different in-game surfaces (ice is slippery, grass isn't)
+;; but is also used for most other changes to Jak's control
+;; For example, when jumping, there's a separate "surface" for jumping that makes
+;; Jak less responsive to changing directions.
+;; Surfaces have flags and parameters that can be combined with other surfaces
+
 (defenum surface-flags
   :bitfield #t
   :type uint32
-  (surf00)
-  (surf01)
-  (surf02)
-  (surf03)
-  (surf04)
-  (surf05)
-  (surf06)
-  (surf07)
-  (surf08)
-  (surf09)
-  (surf10)
-  (surf11)
-  (surf12)
-  (surf13)
-  (surf14)
-  (surf15)
-  (surf16)
-  (surf17)
-  (surf18)
-  (surf19)
-  (surf20)
-  (surf21)
-  (surf22)
-  (surf23)
-  (surf24)
-  (surf25)
-  (surf26)
-  (surf27)
-  (surf28)
-  (surf29)
-  (surf30)
-  (surf31)
+  (allow-look-around) ;; allows entering first person with triangle
+  (dive)              ;; set on all diving (dive, dive-bottom) surfaces
+  (surf02)            ;; unused
+  (no-turn-around)    ;; prevent "changed direction" animation from happening
+
+  ;; when jak is on a surface with this flag, the case where jak
+  ;; is forced to rotate in the direction he's traveling is
+  ;; never taken. It's used on ice (though it is not needed, the turn toward transv
+  ;; is disabled by not being in target-walk ever) and also used to prevent
+  ;; jak from spinning around when he shouldn't (like if he's knocked back)
+  (no-rotate-toward-transv)
+  ;; if jak should always be forced to rotate in the direction he's travelling.
+  ;; used for the slides and also the warp gate jump
+  (always-rotate-toward-transv)
+
+  ;; never set, but prevents jak from jumping (both normal and roll)
+  (prevent-jump)
+
+  ;; target is launch jumping (from a blue eco pad)
+  (prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump)
+  (surf08) ;; never set, prevents various attacks from being possible
+  (surf09) ;; another attack prevent
+  (allow-edge-grab) ;; if set, and jak is falling, turn on the ledge grab search.
+  (jump) ;; set on all jumps, used to prevent "on-grounds" in places
+  (attacking) ;; set on all attacks, but not actually used anywhere
+  (ducking)   ;; set on all ducks, but not actually used anywhere
+  (moving-ground) ;; unused, but would make sense if jak was on something moving
   )
 
 ;; The "surface" defines how jak moves on the ground. It includes things like how fast he can go,
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #x900000098
   )
 
-
+;; these calc-terminal functions are unused.
 (defun calc-terminal-vel ((arg0 float) (arg1 float) (arg2 float))
   (- (* (/ (- (* 0.016666668 arg0) arg1) arg2) (- 1.0 arg2)) arg1)
   )
@@ -193,6 +195,8 @@
   (none)
   )
 
+;; The common surfaces:
+
 (define *walk-mods* (new 'static 'surface
                       :name 'run
                       :turnv 131072.0
@@ -217,7 +221,7 @@
                       :alignv 1.0
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf00)
+                      :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -292,7 +296,7 @@
               :alignv 1.0
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
-              :flags (surface-flags surf13)
+              :flags (surface-flags ducking)
               )
             )
       )
@@ -323,7 +327,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'attack
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf12 surf13)
+                             :flags (surface-flags attacking ducking)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -352,7 +356,7 @@
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'air
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                      :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -381,7 +385,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -410,7 +414,7 @@
                             :slope-up-traction 1.0
                             :align-speed 1.0
                             :mode 'air
-                            :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                            :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                             )
         )
 
@@ -439,7 +443,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -468,7 +472,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf07 surf10 surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump allow-edge-grab jump)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -497,7 +501,7 @@
                                    :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                    :align-speed 1.0
                                    :mode 'air
-                                   :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                                   :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                                    )
         )
 
@@ -526,7 +530,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -555,7 +559,7 @@
                               :slope-up-traction 1.0
                               :align-speed 1.0
                               :mode 'air
-                              :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                              :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                               )
         )
 
@@ -584,7 +588,7 @@
                                    :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                    :align-speed 1.0
                                    :mode 'air
-                                   :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                                   :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                                    )
         )
 
@@ -611,7 +615,7 @@
                         :slope-up-traction 1.0
                         :align-speed 1.0
                         :mode 'attack
-                        :flags (surface-flags surf12)
+                        :flags (surface-flags attacking)
                         )
         )
 
@@ -639,7 +643,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11 surf12)
+                             :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump attacking)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -667,7 +671,7 @@
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
               :mode 'air
-              :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11 surf12)
+              :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump attacking)
               )
             )
       )
@@ -695,7 +699,9 @@
                             :slope-up-traction 1.0
                             :align-speed 1.0
                             :mode 'attack
-                            :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04 surf12)
+                            ;; no-rotate-toward-transv prevents jak from spinning around
+                            ;; if you punch over bumpy terrain
+                            :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv attacking)
                             )
         )
 
@@ -722,7 +728,7 @@
                        :slope-up-traction 1.0
                        :align-speed 1.0
                        :mode 'attack
-                       :flags (surface-flags surf12)
+                       :flags (surface-flags attacking)
                        )
         )
 
@@ -746,7 +752,7 @@
                             :slope-up-traction 1.0
                             :align-speed 1.0
                             :mode 'attack
-                            :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11 surf12)
+                            :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump attacking)
                             )
         )
 
@@ -771,7 +777,7 @@
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'attack
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf11 surf12)
+                      :flags (surface-flags jump attacking)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -800,7 +806,7 @@
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
               :mode 'air
-              :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+              :flags (surface-flags jump)
               )
             )
       )
@@ -833,7 +839,7 @@
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'wade
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf00)
+                      :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -884,7 +890,7 @@
                       :alignv 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'dive
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf01)
+                      :flags (surface-flags dive)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -913,7 +919,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'dive
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf01)
+                             :flags (surface-flags dive)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -1190,7 +1196,7 @@
                :alignv 1.0
                :slope-up-traction 1.0
                :align-speed 1.0
-               :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04)
+               :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv)
                )
              )
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/target-death.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/target-death.gc
index f8a74c4da9..530e182dfb 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/target-death.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/target-death.gc
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@
                          (none)
                          )
                        :mode 'air
-                       :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                       :flags (surface-flags jump)
                        )
         )
 
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
       (none)
       )
     :mode 'air
-    :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04 surf11)
+    :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv jump)
     )
   )
 
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
                          (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                          )
                      (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                     (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                     (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08)))
                      )
                 )
            (go
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/target-handler.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/target-handler.gc
index 8eb9373ab2..40570cb271 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/target-handler.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/target-handler.gc
@@ -230,13 +230,13 @@
          (cond
            ((-> arg3 param 0)
             (let ((v1-108 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-              (logclear! (-> v1-108 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+              (logclear! (-> v1-108 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
               )
             0
             )
            (else
              (let ((v1-110 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-               (logior! (-> v1-110 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+               (logior! (-> v1-110 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                )
              0
              )
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@
          )
      )
     (('loading)
-     (if (not (or (and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+     (if (not (or (and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                        (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                        )
                   (or (logtest? (-> self water flags) (water-flags wt09))
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/target-util.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/target-util.gc
index 78da531f41..c2d266ab9d 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/target-util.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/target-util.gc
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 (define *target-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x2))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :x -0.4226 :y -0.9063 :w 409600.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 37683.2)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@
                 (< 0.866 (-> self control surface-angle))
                 )
            )
-       (and (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf06)))
+       (and (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-jump)))
             (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf11)))
             (case arg0
               (('target-wheel-flip)
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@
                )
              )
     (when (and (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control rider-time)) (-> *TARGET-bank* ground-timeout))
-               (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf14))
+               (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags moving-ground))
                )
       (+! (-> self control transv x) (-> self control rider-last-move x))
       (+! (-> self control transv z) (-> self control rider-last-move z))
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@
     (set! (-> gp-0 num-spheres) (the-as uint 2))
     (set! (-> gp-0 collide-with) (-> self control root-prim collide-with))
     (set! (-> gp-0 proc) #f)
-    (set! (-> gp-0 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+    (set! (-> gp-0 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
     (set! (-> gp-0 solid-only) #t)
     (if (fill-and-probe-using-spheres *collide-cache* gp-0)
         #f
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@
                            )
                       )
                   )
-             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08))
+             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
              )
          )
      #f
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@
 (defbehavior can-feet? target ()
   (cond
     ((or (logtest? (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12))
-         (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf09))
+         (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf09))
          )
      #f
      )
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/target.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/target.gc
index ad7e435084..e1e360683e 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/target.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/target.gc
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@
               )
             )
           (set! (-> self skel root-channel 6 frame-interp) f30-0)
-          (let* ((f1-19 (dummy-9 (-> self skel)))
+          (let* ((f1-19 (current-cycle-distance (-> self skel)))
                  (f0-92 (/ (-> self control unknown-float01) (* 60.0 (/ f1-19 (-> *TARGET-bank* run-cycle-length)))))
                  )
             (ja :num! (loop! f0-92))
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@
       (set! arg0 (+ arg0 f0-1))
       (set! arg1 (+ arg1 f0-1))
       )
-    (when (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf14))
+    (when (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags moving-ground))
               (= (-> self control poly-pat material) (pat-material rotate))
               )
       (+! (-> self control transv x) (-> self control rider-last-move x))
@@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08)))
                   )
              )
         (go
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08)))
                   )
              )
         (go
@@ -1693,7 +1693,7 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08)))
                   )
              )
         (go
@@ -2156,7 +2156,7 @@
                                )
                         )
                     (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf11 sf12)))
-                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07)))
+                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump)))
                     )
                )
           (go
@@ -2541,7 +2541,7 @@
                         (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                         )
                     (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08)))
                     )
                )
       (set-quaternion! (-> self control) (-> self control dir-targ))
@@ -2883,7 +2883,7 @@
     (set! (-> self control unknown-uint20) (the-as uint arg0))
     (set-forward-vel (the-as float 0.0))
     (set! (-> self control unknown-surface00) *flop-land-mods*)
-    (logclear! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags surf10))
+    (logclear! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags allow-edge-grab))
     (set! (-> self state-flags) (logior (state-flags sf20) (-> self state-flags)))
     (none)
     )
@@ -2914,7 +2914,7 @@
       (if (and (or (= v1-33 eichar-flop-down-land-ja) (= v1-33 eichar-moving-flop-down-land-ja))
                (>= (ja-aframe-num 0) 28.0)
                )
-          (logior! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags surf10))
+          (logior! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags allow-edge-grab))
           )
       )
     (slide-down-test)
diff --git a/goal_src/engine/target/target2.gc b/goal_src/engine/target/target2.gc
index d0a080b36d..e32018f661 100644
--- a/goal_src/engine/target/target2.gc
+++ b/goal_src/engine/target/target2.gc
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@
            (set! (-> a1-2 num-spheres) (the-as uint 6))
            (set! (-> a1-2 collide-with) (-> self control root-prim collide-with))
            (set! (-> a1-2 proc) #f)
-           (set! (-> a1-2 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+           (set! (-> a1-2 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
            (set! (-> a1-2 solid-only) #t)
            (when (not (fill-and-probe-using-spheres *collide-cache* a1-2))
              (remove-exit)
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@
     (logclear! (-> self control root-prim prim-core action) (collide-action ca-3 ca-7))
     (vector-float*! (-> self control transv) (-> self control unknown-vector101) -40960.0)
     (when (and (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control rider-time)) (seconds 0.2))
-               (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf14))
+               (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags moving-ground))
                    (= (-> self control poly-pat material) (pat-material rotate))
                    )
                )
@@ -1467,7 +1467,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags jump)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -1878,7 +1878,7 @@
                 )
           (set! (-> self skel root-channel 1 frame-interp) f24-1)
           (ja :num! (loop! (/ (-> self control unknown-float01)
-                              (* 60.0 (/ (dummy-9 (-> self skel)) (-> *TARGET-bank* run-cycle-length)))
+                              (* 60.0 (/ (current-cycle-distance (-> self skel)) (-> *TARGET-bank* run-cycle-length)))
                               )
                            )
               )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/beach/bird-lady.gc b/goal_src/levels/beach/bird-lady.gc
index a5af43088d..0435e3c041 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/beach/bird-lady.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/beach/bird-lady.gc
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/beach/mayor.gc b/goal_src/levels/beach/mayor.gc
index 813ec9b067..53d9039c0b 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/beach/mayor.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/beach/mayor.gc
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/beach/sculptor.gc b/goal_src/levels/beach/sculptor.gc
index 069e6a459a..3195db4c61 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/beach/sculptor.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/beach/sculptor.gc
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/beach/seagull.gc b/goal_src/levels/beach/seagull.gc
index 2f61d15d70..7ab8db7467 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/beach/seagull.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/beach/seagull.gc
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 ;;-*-Lisp-*-
 (in-package goal)
 
@@ -984,7 +985,7 @@
                        (collide-kind background)
                        self
                        s5-0
-                       1
+                       (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                        )
                      )
               )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/citadel/citadel-sages.gc b/goal_src/levels/citadel/citadel-sages.gc
index 82b0106c08..832f2f7e0f 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/citadel/citadel-sages.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/citadel/citadel-sages.gc
@@ -492,14 +492,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -605,14 +605,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -723,14 +723,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/common/basebutton.gc b/goal_src/levels/common/basebutton.gc
index f165d349ae..054aa8fd65 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/common/basebutton.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/common/basebutton.gc
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
     ;; we add "training" to the list here so that the training warp gate waits until it's safe to
     ;; dispose the old code from memory.
     (case (-> self level)
-      (('citadel 'lavatube 'training)  
+      (('citadel 'lavatube 'training)
        (while (and *target* (zero? (logand (-> *target* draw status) (draw-status hidden))))
          (suspend)
          )
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf05)
+                           :flags (surface-flags always-rotate-toward-transv)
                            )
         )
 
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/common/joint-exploder.gc b/goal_src/levels/common/joint-exploder.gc
index 8f90ddcbb6..722811e80e 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/common/joint-exploder.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/common/joint-exploder.gc
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
               (s3-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'collide-tri-result))
               )
           (vector-! a2-1 s4-0 (-> s5-1 prev-pos))
-          (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* (-> s5-1 prev-pos) a2-1 40.96 (collide-kind background) s3-0 1)
+          (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* (-> s5-1 prev-pos) a2-1 40.96 (collide-kind background) s3-0 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
                     0.0
                     )
             (set! (-> s4-0 quad) (-> s3-0 intersect quad))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/common/nav-enemy.gc b/goal_src/levels/common/nav-enemy.gc
index 29babff80b..bbd99e6be9 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/common/nav-enemy.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/common/nav-enemy.gc
@@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ nav-enemy-default-event-handler
 
 (define *nav-enemy-dummy-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x28))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf03 disable-draw)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -4096.0)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/common/plat-button.gc b/goal_src/levels/common/plat-button.gc
index 461f69784e..8aaeb7faba 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/common/plat-button.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/common/plat-button.gc
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
     (when (-> self go-back-if-lost-player?)
       (when (or (not *target*)
                 (and (>= (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self state-time)) (seconds 4))
-                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                )
                           )
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
     (when (-> self go-back-if-lost-player?)
       (when (or (not *target*)
                 (and (>= (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self state-time)) (seconds 4))
-                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                )
                           )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker.gc b/goal_src/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker.gc
index 93399470de..13178ee3c6 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker.gc
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
                           (v1-7 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
                           )
                       (let ((a0-1 v1-7))
-                        (logclear! (-> a0-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                        (logclear! (-> a0-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                         )
                       0
                       (let ((a0-3 v1-7))
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@
                     )
                    (else
                      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-                       (logior! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                       (logior! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                        )
                      0
                      )
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@
       0
       (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf03))
       (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf02))
-      (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (ja-channel-push! 1 (seconds 0.2))
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@
     (sound-play-by-name (static-sound-name "blob-explode") (new-sound-id) 1024 0 0 1 #t)
     (activate! *camera-smush-control* 409.6 37 150 1.0 0.99)
     (let ((v1-14 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (let ((t9-7 (-> (method-of-type nav-enemy nav-enemy-die) enter)))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/finalboss/robotboss.gc b/goal_src/levels/finalboss/robotboss.gc
index fcc465b634..ca63b8ecb1 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/finalboss/robotboss.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/finalboss/robotboss.gc
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
       ((or (not (ja-group? arg2)) (< f0-0 arg0) (< arg1 f0-0))
        (robotboss-cut-cam-exit)
        )
-      ((or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+      ((or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                 (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                 )
            (-> self skip-cut)
@@ -2352,7 +2352,7 @@
                        (collide-kind target)
                        self
                        t2-0
-                       1
+                       (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                        )
                      0.0
                      )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/flut_common/flutflut.gc b/goal_src/levels/flut_common/flutflut.gc
index c17797e379..e36b0d8c45 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/flut_common/flutflut.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/flut_common/flutflut.gc
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 
 (define *flutflut-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xa))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 81920.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -2867.2)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/flut_common/target-flut.gc b/goal_src/levels/flut_common/target-flut.gc
index e4f49d5aae..9e2ee715db 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/flut_common/target-flut.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/flut_common/target-flut.gc
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
                            :alignv 1.0
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf03)
+                           :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
                                   :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                   :align-speed 1.0
                                   :mode 'air
-                                  :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                                  :flags (surface-flags jump)
                                   )
         )
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
                                  :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                  :align-speed 1.0
                                  :mode 'attack
-                                 :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04 surf12)
+                                 :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv attacking)
                                  )
         )
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
                                  :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                  :align-speed 1.0
                                  :mode 'attack
-                                 :flags (surface-flags surf11 surf12)
+                                 :flags (surface-flags jump attacking)
                                  )
         )
 
@@ -729,9 +729,10 @@
           (set! f30-0 (seek f30-0 f0-13 (* 4.0 (-> *display* seconds-per-frame))))
           )
         (set! (-> self skel root-channel 1 frame-interp) f30-0)
-        (let* ((f0-16 (dummy-9 (-> self skel)))
+        (let* ((f0-16 (current-cycle-distance (-> self skel)))
                (f0-18 (/ (* 58.0 (-> self control unknown-float01)) (* 60.0 f0-16)))
                )
+          (format *stdcon* "~% val: ~f~%" f0-16)
           (if (= (-> self control surf name) '*tar-surface*)
               (set! f0-18 (* 0.4 (-> self control unknown-float12)))
               )
@@ -834,7 +835,7 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08)))
                   )
              )
         (go target-flut-air-attack (-> *FLUT-bank* air-attack-speed))
@@ -947,7 +948,7 @@
                        (pad-buttons square)
                        )
              (and (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08)))
                   (>= (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control unknown-dword36))
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/jungle/fisher.gc b/goal_src/levels/jungle/fisher.gc
index e83f537b88..4fa7073bcf 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/jungle/fisher.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/jungle/fisher.gc
@@ -829,14 +829,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors.gc b/goal_src/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors.gc
index 3a4fa61c7b..4bd6eb95c3 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors.gc
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@
   :event (behavior ((arg0 process) (arg1 int) (arg2 symbol) (arg3 event-message-block))
     (case arg2
       (('touch)
-       (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+       (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                      (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                      )
                                 )
@@ -2025,7 +2025,7 @@
                   (collide-kind target)
                   (the-as process #f)
                   t2-0
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/jungleb/plant-boss.gc b/goal_src/levels/jungleb/plant-boss.gc
index 79903cc20c..4b791ae3f5 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/jungleb/plant-boss.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/jungleb/plant-boss.gc
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
 
 (define *plant-boss-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x2))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 409600.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 37683.2)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/maincave/dark-crystal.gc b/goal_src/levels/maincave/dark-crystal.gc
index 15d0544704..48b3d484b7 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/maincave/dark-crystal.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/maincave/dark-crystal.gc
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@
       (when (>= (-> obj explode-danger-radius) (vector-vector-distance s5-0 s3-0))
         (vector-! s4-0 s3-0 s5-0)
         (let ((t2-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'collide-tri-result)))
-          (if (< (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* s5-0 s4-0 819.2 (collide-kind background) obj t2-0 1)
+          (if (< (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* s5-0 s4-0 819.2 (collide-kind background) obj t2-0 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
                  0.0
                  )
               (send-event *target* 'attack #f (new 'static 'attack-info))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/maincave/driller-lurker.gc b/goal_src/levels/maincave/driller-lurker.gc
index a91b0c04e1..8933268e30 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/maincave/driller-lurker.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/maincave/driller-lurker.gc
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 
 (define *driller-lurker-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x9))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf00 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -2048.0)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/maincave/maincave-obs.gc b/goal_src/levels/maincave/maincave-obs.gc
index 44a102281a..8865a5d7b9 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/maincave/maincave-obs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/maincave/maincave-obs.gc
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
     (until (or (or (not *target*)
                    (< 28672.0 (vector-vector-distance (-> self root-override trans) (-> *target* control trans)))
                    )
-               (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+               (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                               (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                               )
                          )
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
     (ja-no-eval :group! (-> self draw art-group data 8) :num! (seek!) :frame-num 0.0)
     (until (ja-done? 0)
       (when (and (and *target* (>= 28672.0 (vector-vector-distance (-> self root-override trans) (-> *target* control trans))))
-                 (or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                 (or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                           (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                           )
                      (logtest? (-> *target* control root-prim prim-core action) (collide-action ca-7))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg.gc b/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg.gc
index 98dbfc560c..2be3e2892a 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg.gc
@@ -180,11 +180,11 @@
        (set! (-> a1-1 y) (+ 1228.8 (-> a1-1 y)))
        (set-vector! a2-1 0.0 -61440.0 0.0 1.0)
        (cond
-         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-1 a2-1 7372.8 (collide-kind background) obj s5-0 1)
+         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-1 a2-1 7372.8 (collide-kind background) obj s5-0 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
               0.0
               )
           (let ((v1-11 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
             )
           0
           (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
           )
          (else
            (let ((v1-22 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-             (logior! (-> v1-22 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+             (logior! (-> v1-22 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
              )
            0
            )
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-25 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@
       (ja :num! (seek!))
       )
     (let ((v1-37 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-37 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-37 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (go mother-spider-egg-die-exit)
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@
   :code (behavior ()
     (logclear! (-> self mask) (process-mask actor-pause))
     (let ((v1-3 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (lods-assign! (-> self draw) (-> self broken-look))
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
     (logclear! (-> self mask) (process-mask actor-pause))
     (clear-collide-with-as (-> self root-override))
     (let ((v1-5 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (process-spawn
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@
     (send-event (ppointer->process (-> self parent-override)) 'untrigger)
     (logior! (-> self draw status) (draw-status hidden))
     (let ((v1-8 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (logclear! (-> self root-override nav-flags) (nav-flags navf0))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider.gc b/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider.gc
index 744025ee7f..c46273b2e1 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/maincave/mother-spider.gc
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
                     (collide-kind background)
                     self
                     gp-0
-                    1
+                    (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                     )
                   0.0
                   )
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
   )
 
 (defmethod is-player-stuck? mother-spider ((obj mother-spider))
-  (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+  (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                 (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                 )
                            )
@@ -401,11 +401,11 @@
        (set-vector! a2-0 0.0 -81920.0 0.0 1.0)
        (set! (-> a1-0 y) (+ -8192.0 (-> a1-0 y)))
        (cond
-         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-0 a2-0 8192.0 (collide-kind background) obj s5-0 1)
+         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-0 a2-0 8192.0 (collide-kind background) obj s5-0 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
               0.0
               )
           (let ((v1-11 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
             )
           0
           (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
           )
          (else
            (let ((v1-23 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-             (logior! (-> v1-23 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+             (logior! (-> v1-23 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
              )
            0
            )
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-25 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@
                            (collide-kind background)
                            obj
                            (the-as collide-tri-result s5-1)
-                           1
+                           (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                            )
                          0.0
                          )
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@
 (defstate mother-spider-idle (mother-spider)
   :enter (behavior ()
     (let ((v1-1 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (set! (-> self mode) (the-as uint 0))
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@
             )
         )
       )
-    (if (or (not *target*) (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+    (if (or (not *target*) (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                 (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                 )
             )
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@
                   (collide-kind background)
                   obj
                   s2-2
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
@@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@
              (collide-kind background)
              obj
              s3-2
-             1
+             (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
              )
            0.0
            )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/maincave/spiderwebs.gc b/goal_src/levels/maincave/spiderwebs.gc
index c4d400cb15..df94bf6cb4 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/maincave/spiderwebs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/maincave/spiderwebs.gc
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                              )
         )
 
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/misty/misty-conveyor.gc b/goal_src/levels/misty/misty-conveyor.gc
index 1c1128501c..0ffa93b57c 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/misty/misty-conveyor.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/misty/misty-conveyor.gc
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
                   (cond
                     ((>= (vector4-dot (camera-pos) (-> self shadow-enable-plane)) 0.0)
                      (let ((v1-32 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-                       (logclear! (-> v1-32 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                       (logclear! (-> v1-32 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                        )
                      0
                      (let ((v1-35 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
                      )
                     (else
                       (let ((v1-41 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-                        (logior! (-> v1-41 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                        (logior! (-> v1-41 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                         )
                       0
                       (let ((v1-44 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
           (f26-0 (- (-> *standard-dynamics* gravity-length)))
           )
       (let ((v1-10 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       (clear-collide-with-as (-> self root-override))
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
   (initialize-skeleton self *keg-sg* '())
   (set! (-> self draw shadow-ctrl) (new 'process 'shadow-control 0.0 0.0 614400.0 (the-as float 60) 245760.0))
   (let ((v1-25 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-    (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+    (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
     )
   0
   (let ((s5-1 (new 'static 'vector :x -514715.0 :y 226968.0 :z 3906894.8 :w 1.0)))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/misty/mistycannon.gc b/goal_src/levels/misty/mistycannon.gc
index 3956f78e35..cfca405f56 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/misty/mistycannon.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/misty/mistycannon.gc
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@
                         (collide-kind background)
                         self
                         t2-0
-                        1
+                        (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                         )
                       0.0
                       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/ogre/flying-lurker.gc b/goal_src/levels/ogre/flying-lurker.gc
index 68d567af17..48ed304a5e 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/ogre/flying-lurker.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/ogre/flying-lurker.gc
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@
             (set! (-> a1-1 quad) (-> obj root trans quad))
             (set! (-> a1-1 y) (+ -8192.0 (-> a1-1 y)))
             (set-vector! a2-0 0.0 -81920.0 0.0 1.0)
-            (when (>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-1 a2-0 8192.0 (collide-kind background) pp s3-1 1)
+            (when (>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-1 a2-0 8192.0 (collide-kind background) pp s3-1 (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
                       0.0
                       )
               (set! (-> s3-1 intersect w) 8192.0)
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@
                          )
                 (set! s4-0 #t)
                 (let ((v1-17 s5-0))
-                  (logclear! (-> v1-17 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                  (logclear! (-> v1-17 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                   )
                 0
                 (let ((v1-19 s5-0))
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
           )
         )
       (when (not s4-0)
-        (logior! (-> s5-0 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> s5-0 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         0
         (set! (-> obj draw bounds quad) (-> obj default-bounds quad))
         (set! (-> obj draw origin-joint-index) (the-as uint 4))
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
   (logclear! (-> self mask) (process-mask actor-pause))
   (close-specific-task! (game-task plunger-lurker-hit) (task-status unknown))
   (while (and *target*
-              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
               (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
               )
     (suspend)
@@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@
         (new 'process 'shadow-control 131072.0 151552.0 614400.0 (the-as float 60) 409600.0)
         )
   (let ((v1-27 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-    (logclear! (-> v1-27 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+    (logclear! (-> v1-27 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
     )
   0
   (set! (-> obj alt-actor) (entity-actor-lookup arg0 'alt-actor 0))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/ogre/ogreboss.gc b/goal_src/levels/ogre/ogreboss.gc
index 5b7a449c9b..fd8439eda1 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/ogre/ogreboss.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/ogre/ogreboss.gc
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 
 (define *ogreboss-missile-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xe))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf02 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -102400.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -143360.0)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 
 (define *ogreboss-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xc))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf02 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -102400.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -143360.0)
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
                       (-> self root-override root-prim collide-with)
                       (-> self parent-override 0)
                       s4-0
-                      1
+                      (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                       )
                     )
               )
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
                       (-> self root-override root-prim collide-with)
                       (-> self parent-override 0)
                       s4-0
-                      1
+                      (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                       )
                     )
               )
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
                              (-> self root-override root-prim collide-with)
                              t1-0
                              t2-0
-                             1
+                             (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                              )
                            )
                          )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/racer_common/racer.gc b/goal_src/levels/racer_common/racer.gc
index 72612f8106..893d4d01fd 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/racer_common/racer.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/racer_common/racer.gc
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 
 (define *racer-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xa))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 81920.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 2048.0)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/racer_common/target-racer.gc b/goal_src/levels/racer_common/target-racer.gc
index c35a5e9e4d..287e65206a 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/racer_common/target-racer.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/racer_common/target-racer.gc
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
                        :alignv 1.0
                        :slope-up-traction 1.0
                        :align-speed 1.0
-                       :flags (surface-flags surf00)
+                       :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around)
                        )
         )
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf00 surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around jump)
                            )
         )
 
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/rolling/rolling-robber.gc b/goal_src/levels/rolling/rolling-robber.gc
index d3fa46c4d5..80b5c40d63 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/rolling/rolling-robber.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/rolling/rolling-robber.gc
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
                     (collide-kind background)
                     self
                     t2-0
-                    1
+                    (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                     )
                   )
             (v1-5 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/snow/ice-cube.gc b/goal_src/levels/snow/ice-cube.gc
index 7ca2a2a878..0235a1c284 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/snow/ice-cube.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/snow/ice-cube.gc
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@
                     (collide-kind background)
                     obj
                     s3-1
-                    1
+                    (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                     )
                   0.0
                   )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ball.gc b/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ball.gc
index a5552ba673..6df1995969 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ball.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ball.gc
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 
 (define *snow-ball-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xa))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 245760.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 26624.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs.gc b/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs.gc
index ba4432a4e4..647bab97aa 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs.gc
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@
   :trans (behavior ()
     (when *target*
       (if (and (>= 798720.0 (-> (target-pos 0) y))
-               (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+               (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                          (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                          )
                     )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss.gc b/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss.gc
index f3ffb4027e..098b2a31c1 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss.gc
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@
                       (collide-kind background cak-2 ground-object)
                       obj
                       t2-0
-                      1
+                      (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                       )
                     0.0
                     )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/sunken/bully.gc b/goal_src/levels/sunken/bully.gc
index 01221dccb6..c1ad7d8116 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/sunken/bully.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/sunken/bully.gc
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 
 (define *bully-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x9))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf00 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 10240.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -2048.0)
@@ -468,14 +468,14 @@
     (set! (-> self travel-speed) 0.0)
     (shut-down! (-> self neck))
     (let ((v1-5 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (none)
     )
   :exit (behavior ()
     (let ((v1-1 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logclear! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logclear! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (none)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/sunken/double-lurker.gc b/goal_src/levels/sunken/double-lurker.gc
index 1bc2543780..f77186d49e 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/sunken/double-lurker.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/sunken/double-lurker.gc
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
   :code (behavior ((arg0 object) (arg1 vector) (arg2 vector))
     (dummy-51 self)
     (let ((v1-3 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logclear! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logclear! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (logclear! (-> self collide-info nav-flags) (nav-flags navf0))
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
       (ja :group! double-lurker-both-idle-ja :num! min)
       (transform-post)
       (let ((v1-13 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-13 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-13 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       (go double-lurker-top-on-shoulders)
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@
                   (collide-kind background)
                   obj
                   s4-0
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/sunken/puffer.gc b/goal_src/levels/sunken/puffer.gc
index 1d0d3d2ec4..c22dd437c5 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/sunken/puffer.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/sunken/puffer.gc
@@ -167,12 +167,12 @@
                 (collide-kind background cak-3 ground-object)
                 obj
                 s5-0
-                1
+                (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                 )
               0.0
               )
           (let ((v1-11 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
             )
           0
           (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
           )
          (else
            (let ((v1-19 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-             (logior! (-> v1-19 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+             (logior! (-> v1-19 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
              )
            0
            )
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-21 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-21 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-21 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
     (set! (-> self attacking?) #f)
     (shut-down! (-> self neck))
     (let ((v1-5 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (none)
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/sunken/target-tube.gc b/goal_src/levels/sunken/target-tube.gc
index 847bcb7b4f..4f9368b91f 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/sunken/target-tube.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/sunken/target-tube.gc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
               :alignv 1.0
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
-              :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf05)
+              :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around always-rotate-toward-transv)
               )
             )
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/swamp/kermit.gc b/goal_src/levels/swamp/kermit.gc
index 39cf2b0e6f..21af9ca458 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/swamp/kermit.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/swamp/kermit.gc
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
              (collide-kind background cak-2 crate enemy wall-object projectile ground-object)
              self
              t2-0
-             1
+             (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
              )
            )
          (gp-1 (< f30-0 0.0))
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/training/training-obs.gc b/goal_src/levels/training/training-obs.gc
index dae9b03d5b..2819c7fe92 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/training/training-obs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/training/training-obs.gc
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
                  )
         (when (!= (-> self index) 6)
           (while (and *target*
-                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                       (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
             (suspend)
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@
                            )
                           (or (= (-> self type) scarecrow-a)
                               (and (= (-> arg0 type) target)
-                                   (logtest? (-> (the-as target arg0) control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                                   (logtest? (-> (the-as target arg0) control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                    (zero? (logand (-> (the-as target arg0) control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                    )
                               )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village1/assistant.gc b/goal_src/levels/village1/assistant.gc
index eff090cb0f..ce73e014f6 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village1/assistant.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village1/assistant.gc
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 ;;-*-Lisp-*-
 (in-package goal)
 
@@ -52,14 +53,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village1/explorer.gc b/goal_src/levels/village1/explorer.gc
index 9dd1cd03b9..2923dc38b2 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village1/explorer.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village1/explorer.gc
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village2/assistant-village2.gc b/goal_src/levels/village2/assistant-village2.gc
index 1d513bc29f..34d23f530a 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village2/assistant-village2.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village2/assistant-village2.gc
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@
                   (collide-kind target)
                   (the-as process #f)
                   t2-0
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village2/warrior.gc b/goal_src/levels/village2/warrior.gc
index bbe699f7a0..eaf7da09b0 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village2/warrior.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village2/warrior.gc
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village3/assistant-village3.gc b/goal_src/levels/village3/assistant-village3.gc
index 3cecc740d2..632c4d7a12 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village3/assistant-village3.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village3/assistant-village3.gc
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village3/miners.gc b/goal_src/levels/village3/miners.gc
index c67725f760..49718bb9ce 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village3/miners.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village3/miners.gc
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -246,14 +246,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village3/sage-village3.gc b/goal_src/levels/village3/sage-village3.gc
index 9369b45e4c..6f0b290c2d 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village3/sage-village3.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village3/sage-village3.gc
@@ -290,13 +290,13 @@
        (logclear! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf02))
        (set! (-> v1-1 settings bot-plane w) 20480.0)
        (let ((a0-8 v1-1))
-         (logclear! (-> a0-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+         (logclear! (-> a0-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
          )
        0
        (update-direction-from-time-of-day v1-1)
        )
       (else
-        (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         0
         )
       )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village3/village3-obs.gc b/goal_src/levels/village3/village3-obs.gc
index b7458be5d0..197c95392c 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village3/village3-obs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village3/village3-obs.gc
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
                   )
                 )
               (when (and (< (vector-vector-xz-distance s5-1 (-> *target* control trans)) 18432.0)
-                         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                         (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                         )
                                    )
diff --git a/goal_src/levels/village_common/villagep-obs.gc b/goal_src/levels/village_common/villagep-obs.gc
index 89cec6d5d5..96fe13ad74 100644
--- a/goal_src/levels/village_common/villagep-obs.gc
+++ b/goal_src/levels/village_common/villagep-obs.gc
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@
       )
     ;; note: they appear to be calling this on the wrong object.
     ;; this doesn't actually cause any problems but corrupts the type of `float` in the symbol
-    ;; table because they they write to some field of arg0, which is actually #t and not a 
+    ;; table because they they write to some field of arg0, which is actually #t and not a
     ;; basebutton.  The corruption is completely harmless but is annoying because it looks like
     ;; a more severe memory corruption problem. So we fix it.
     (the-as int ((the-as (function basebutton symbol none) (find-parent-method warp-gate-switch 31))
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@
              )
             )
           (while (and *target*
-                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                       (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
             (suspend)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint-h_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint-h_REF.gc
index e6cc0e14de..071f9904ca 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint-h_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint-h_REF.gc
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #xb000000c0
   (:methods
     (new (symbol type int) _type_ 0)
-    (dummy-9 (_type_) float 9)
+    (current-cycle-distance (_type_) float 9)
     (debug-print-channels (_type_ symbol) int 10)
     )
   )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint_REF.gc
index 4443a9e246..adbd4af362 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/joint_REF.gc
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@
   )
 
 ;; definition for method 9 of type cspace
-(defmethod dummy-9 cspace ((obj cspace) (arg0 basic))
+(defmethod reset-and-assign-geo! cspace ((obj cspace) (arg0 basic))
   (set! (-> obj parent) #f)
   (set! (-> obj joint) #f)
   (set! (-> obj geo) arg0)
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@
         (v1-1 type-to-make)
         )
     (-> type-to-make size)
-    ((method-of-type cspace dummy-9) (the-as cspace (t9-0 allocation v1-1)) arg0)
+    ((method-of-type cspace reset-and-assign-geo!) (the-as cspace (t9-0 allocation v1-1)) arg0)
     )
   )
 
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/mspace-h_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/mspace-h_REF.gc
index e2df620ae8..4131ebd75b 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/mspace-h_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/anim/mspace-h_REF.gc
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
   :flag-assert         #xa00000020
   (:methods
     (new (symbol type basic) _type_ 0)
-    (dummy-9 (_type_ basic) _type_ 9)
+    (reset-and-assign-geo! (_type_ basic) _type_ 9)
     )
   )
 
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-master_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-master_REF.gc
index 13c54135f3..15c02f8b16 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-master_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-master_REF.gc
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
   (set! (-> self head-offset) (-> *CAMERA_MASTER-bank* onscreen-head-height))
   (set! (-> self target-height) (-> *CAMERA_MASTER-bank* target-height))
   (set! (-> self on-ground)
-        (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+        (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                   (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                   )
              )
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
                      (collide-kind background)
                      (the-as process #f)
                      s4-2
-                     4098
+                     (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                      )
                    )
                  )
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
            )
          )
        (set! (-> self on-ground)
-             (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+             (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                        (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                        )
                   )
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
        (let ((gp-6 (new-stack-vector0)))
          0.0
          (cond
-           ((and (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+           ((and (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                       (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
                  (!= (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 name) 'launch-jump)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-states_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-states_REF.gc
index 4eab519e52..738a948eaf 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-states_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/camera/cam-states_REF.gc
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@
                (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                (the-as process #f)
                s3-0
-               2
+               (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                )
              0.0
              )
@@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@
   )
 
 ;; definition for function cam-los-spline-collide
-(defun cam-los-spline-collide ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 vector))
+(defun cam-los-spline-collide ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 pat-surface))
   (let ((s5-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
         (s4-0 *collide-cache*)
         (f30-0 2.0)
@@ -1660,7 +1660,7 @@
       (-> *CAM_STRING-bank* los-coll-rad2)
       (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
       (the-as process-drawable #f)
-      (the-as int arg2)
+      arg2
       )
     (let* ((f0-2 (vector-length s5-0))
            (f28-0
@@ -1866,7 +1866,7 @@
 ;; WARN: Unsupported inline assembly instruction kind - [madda.s f3, f6]
 ;; WARN: Unsupported inline assembly instruction kind - [madd.s f2, f4, f7]
 ;; Used lq/sq
-(defbehavior cam-los-collide camera-slave ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info) (arg3 int))
+(defbehavior cam-los-collide camera-slave ((arg0 vector) (arg1 vector) (arg2 clip-travel-vector-to-mesh-return-info) (arg3 pat-surface))
   (local-vars (s1-3 int) (s2-2 int) (f2-1 float) (sv-224 vector) (sv-240 vector))
   (dist-info-init (the-as collide-los-dist-info (-> arg2 intersection)))
   (dist-info-init (the-as collide-los-dist-info (-> arg2 next-normal)))
@@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@
                 (cam-los-spline-collide
                   (the-as vector (+ (the-as uint (-> *camera* target-spline)) (* 48 (-> *camera* target-spline end-point))))
                   arg0
-                  (the-as vector 4098)
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                   )
                 )
               )
@@ -2052,7 +2052,7 @@
                                    (cam-los-spline-collide
                                      (the-as vector (+ (the-as uint (-> *camera* target-spline)) (* 48 s2-2)))
                                      arg0
-                                     (the-as vector 4098)
+                                     (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                                      )
                                    )
                              (< f30-1 0.0)
@@ -2322,7 +2322,7 @@
     (let ((f30-0 (vector-length (-> self view-flat))))
       (vector--float*! s5-0 (-> *camera* tpos-curr) (-> *camera* local-down) (-> *camera* target-height))
       (vector-! s5-0 s5-0 (-> self string-trans))
-      (cam-los-collide (-> self string-trans) s5-0 gp-0 4098)
+      (cam-los-collide (-> self string-trans) s5-0 gp-0 (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1))
       (when (-> gp-0 vert-next y)
         (when (or (= (-> self los-state) (slave-los-state ccw)) (= (-> self los-state) (slave-los-state cw)))
           (let ((a0-6 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
@@ -2556,7 +2556,7 @@
             (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
             (the-as process #f)
             s4-0
-            2
+            (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
             )
           0.0
           )
@@ -2661,7 +2661,7 @@
                            (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                            (the-as process #f)
                            s4-2
-                           2
+                           (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                            )
                          -100000000.0
                          )
@@ -2964,7 +2964,7 @@
                        (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                        (the-as process #f)
                        s4-0
-                       4098
+                       (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1 :nolineofsight #x1)
                        )
                      )
               )
@@ -3110,7 +3110,7 @@
                            (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                            (the-as process #f)
                            s3-0
-                           2
+                           (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                            )
                          -100000000.0
                          )
@@ -3389,7 +3389,7 @@
                          (collide-kind background cak-3 wall-object ground-object cak-14)
                          (the-as process #f)
                          s4-3
-                         2
+                         (new 'static 'pat-surface :nocamera #x1)
                          )
                        -100000000.0
                        )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-cache-h_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-cache-h_REF.gc
index 1829745414..acc608f5fe 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-cache-h_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-cache-h_REF.gc
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
    (num-spheres  uint32                 :offset-assert   4)
    (collide-with collide-kind           :offset-assert   8)
    (proc         process-drawable       :offset-assert  16)
-   (ignore-pat   uint32                 :offset-assert  20)
+   (ignore-pat   pat-surface            :offset-assert  20)
    (solid-only   basic                  :offset-assert  24)
    )
   :method-count-assert 9
@@ -183,15 +183,15 @@
   :flag-assert         #x2100008670
   (:methods
     (debug-draw (_type_) none 9)
-    (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process collide-tri-result int) float 10)
+    (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 10)
     (fill-and-probe-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) symbol 11)
     (fill-and-probe-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind process-drawable collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 12)
     (fill-using-bounding-box (_type_ bounding-box collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 13)
-    (fill-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process-drawable int) none 14)
+    (fill-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 14)
     (fill-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) none 15)
     (fill-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind process-drawable pat-surface) none 16)
     (initialize (_type_) none 17)
-    (probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result int) float 18)
+    (probe-using-line-sphere (_type_ vector vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 18)
     (probe-using-spheres (_type_ collide-using-spheres-params) symbol 19)
     (probe-using-y-probe (_type_ vector float collide-kind collide-tri-result pat-surface) float 20)
     (fill-from-background (_type_ (function bsp-header int collide-list none) (function collide-cache object none)) none 21)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab_REF.gc
index e343014076..35773a7119 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-edge-grab_REF.gc
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
       (set! (-> a1-13 num-spheres) (the-as uint 12))
       (set! (-> a1-13 collide-with) (-> obj cshape root-prim collide-with))
       (set! (-> a1-13 proc) #f)
-      (set! (-> a1-13 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+      (set! (-> a1-13 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
       (set! (-> a1-13 solid-only) #t)
       (if (probe-using-spheres (-> obj ccache) a1-13)
           (return #f)
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
         (set! (-> a1-14 num-spheres) (the-as uint 6))
         (set! (-> a1-14 collide-with) (-> v1-22 cshape root-prim collide-with))
         (set! (-> a1-14 proc) #f)
-        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
         (set! (-> a1-14 solid-only) #t)
         (b! #t cfg-21 :delay (nop!))
         (label cfg-20)
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
         (set! (-> a1-14 num-spheres) (the-as uint 6))
         (set! (-> a1-14 collide-with) (-> v1-22 cshape root-prim collide-with))
         (set! (-> a1-14 proc) #f)
-        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+        (set! (-> a1-14 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
         (set! (-> a1-14 solid-only) #t)
         (label cfg-21)
         (b! (not (fill-and-probe-using-spheres *collide-cache* a1-14)) cfg-24 :delay (empty-form))
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
           :alignv 1.0
           :slope-up-traction 1.0
           :align-speed 1.0
-          :flags (surface-flags surf14)
+          :flags (surface-flags moving-ground)
           )
         )
       )
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@
               :alignv 0.5
               :slope-up-traction 0.9
               :align-speed 1.0
-              :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf05)
+              :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around always-rotate-toward-transv)
               )
             )
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target_REF.gc
index 76c8057577..a0484b74ee 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/collide/collide-reaction-target_REF.gc
@@ -115,7 +115,15 @@
   (set! sv-208 (vector+float*! (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector) (-> arg1 best-tri intersect) sv-160 2867.2))
   (set! sv-212 (vector-normalize-copy! (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector) (-> arg0 dynam gravity-normal) -20480.0))
   (vector+float*! sv-212 sv-212 sv-160 4096.0)
-  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* sv-208 sv-212 409.6 (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with) sv-164 1)
+  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere
+              *collide-cache*
+              sv-208
+              sv-212
+              409.6
+              (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with)
+              sv-164
+              (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
+              )
             0.0
             )
     (set! (-> arg0 unknown-float-coverage-0)
@@ -138,7 +146,15 @@
   (set! sv-276 (vector-normalize-copy! (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector) (-> arg0 dynam gravity-normal) -20480.0))
   (vector+float*! sv-272 sv-272 sv-160 -819.2)
   (vector+float*! sv-276 sv-276 sv-160 -4096.0)
-  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* sv-272 sv-276 409.6 (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with) sv-164 1)
+  (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere
+              *collide-cache*
+              sv-272
+              sv-276
+              409.6
+              (-> arg1 best-from-prim collide-with)
+              sv-164
+              (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
+              )
             0.0
             )
     (set! (-> arg0 unknown-float-coverage-2) (vector-vector-distance sv-272 (-> sv-164 intersect)))
@@ -247,7 +263,7 @@
   (if (= (-> arg0 poly-pat mode) (pat-mode wall))
       (set! sv-104 (logior sv-104 1))
       )
-  (if (logtest? (-> arg0 unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+  (if (logtest? (-> arg0 unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
       (set! sv-104 (logior sv-104 32))
       )
   (let ((v1-23 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector)))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/draw/process-drawable_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/draw/process-drawable_REF.gc
index 084e62af78..9ddfad7d54 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/draw/process-drawable_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/draw/process-drawable_REF.gc
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
           (set! gp-0 (the-as cspace-array #f))
           (goto cfg-16)
           )
-        (let ((v1-10 ((method-of-type cspace dummy-9) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)) #f)))
+        (let ((v1-10 ((method-of-type cspace reset-and-assign-geo!) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)) #f)))
           (set! (-> v1-10 bone) (the-as bone (-> s4-1 bones)))
           (let ((a0-6 (-> gp-0 data)))
             (set! (-> a0-6 0 param0) cspace<-transformq!)
@@ -176,13 +176,13 @@
           (set! (-> v1-10 bone cache bone-matrix) (the-as uint 0))
           )
         0
-        (let ((v1-14 (dummy-9 (-> gp-0 data 1) #f)))
+        (let ((v1-14 (reset-and-assign-geo! (-> gp-0 data 1) #f)))
           (set! (-> v1-14 joint) (-> arg0 data 0))
           (set! (-> v1-14 bone) (-> s4-1 bones 1))
           (set! (-> v1-14 parent) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)))
           (set! (-> v1-14 bone cache bone-matrix) (the-as uint 128))
           )
-        (let ((v1-17 (dummy-9 (-> gp-0 data 2) #f)))
+        (let ((v1-17 (reset-and-assign-geo! (-> gp-0 data 2) #f)))
           (set! (-> v1-17 joint) (-> arg0 data 1))
           (set! (-> v1-17 bone) (-> s4-1 bones 2))
           (set! (-> v1-17 parent) (the-as cspace (-> gp-0 data)))
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
                              0
                              )
                          )
-                   (v1-29 (dummy-9 (-> gp-0 data s3-0) #f))
+                   (v1-29 (reset-and-assign-geo! (-> gp-0 data s3-0) #f))
                    )
               (set! (-> v1-29 joint) s1-0)
               (set! (-> v1-29 bone) (-> s4-1 bones s3-0))
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@
   )
 
 ;; definition for method 9 of type joint-control
-(defmethod dummy-9 joint-control ((obj joint-control))
+(defmethod current-cycle-distance joint-control ((obj joint-control))
   (cond
     ((< (the-as int (-> obj root-channel)) (the-as int (-> obj channel (-> obj active-channels))))
      (let ((s5-0 (-> obj root-channel (-> obj root-channel 0 group-size)))
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@
 ;; definition for function process-drawable-delay-player
 (defbehavior process-drawable-delay-player process-drawable ((arg0 time-frame))
   (while (and *target*
-              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
               (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
               )
     (suspend)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/powerups_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/powerups_REF.gc
index 7733c34394..d8fa31d00a 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/powerups_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/powerups_REF.gc
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@
        (change-sound! (-> self sound) (static-sound-name "blue-eco-jak"))
        (let ((v1-150 (rand-vu-int-range 3 (+ (-> self node-list length) -1))))
          (cond
-           ((and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+           ((and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                  (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                  )
             (set! (-> *part-id-table* 259 init-specs 4 initial-valuef) 0.0)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/task/process-taskable_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/task/process-taskable_REF.gc
index de85b7022c..d21a0dff12 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/task/process-taskable_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/game/task/process-taskable_REF.gc
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
 (defbehavior process-taskable-hide-enter process-taskable ()
   (set! (-> self state-time) (-> *display* base-frame-counter))
   (let ((v1-3 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-    (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+    (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
     )
   0
   (process-taskable-clean-up-after-talking)
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@
       (restore-collide-with-as (-> self root-override))
       (process-entity-status! self (entity-perm-status bit-3) #t)
       (let ((v1-7 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logclear! (-> v1-7 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logclear! (-> v1-7 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@
        )
       ((begin
          (dummy-46 self)
-         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                         (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                         )
                    )
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@
        )
       (else
         (let ((v1-10 gp-0))
-          (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+          (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
           )
         0
         )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/logic-target_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/logic-target_REF.gc
index f971de318b..138a92bc03 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/logic-target_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/logic-target_REF.gc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     )
   (let ((s5-0 (new-stack-vector0)))
     (vector-z-quaternion! s5-0 (-> self control unknown-quaternion00))
-    (when (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf01))
+    (when (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags dive))
       (vector-flatten! s5-0 s5-0 (-> self control dynam gravity-normal))
       (vector-normalize! s5-0 1.0)
       )
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
       (let ((f1-1 (* 0.0625 f1-0)))
         (set! (-> self control unknown-int10) a0-3)
         (set! (-> self control unknown-float100) f1-1)
-        (if (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf03))
+        (if (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags no-turn-around))
             (set! (-> v1-6 0) (the-as uint (-> *display* base-frame-counter)))
             )
         (and (>= (the-as uint (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (the-as int (-> v1-6 0)))) (the-as uint 300))
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@
               )
             (if (and (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags twall)))
                      (logtest? (-> self control old-status) (cshape-moving-flags twall))
-                     (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                     (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                      (< 0.0 (-> gp-0 y))
                      (< 0.0 (vector-dot
                               (-> self control dynam gravity-normal)
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@
                 )
             (if (and (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags twall)))
                      (and (logtest? (-> self control old-status) (cshape-moving-flags twall))
-                          (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                          (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                           (< 0.0 (-> gp-0 y))
                           (< (-> gp-0 z) 0.0)
                           )
@@ -932,10 +932,10 @@
                        (!= (-> self next-state name) 'target-walk)
                        (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self state-time)) (seconds 0.5))
                        (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control unknown-dword21)) (seconds 0.5))
-                       (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf04))
+                       (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags no-rotate-toward-transv))
                        (!= (-> self control unknown-float41) 0.0)
                        )
-                   (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf05)))
+                   (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags always-rotate-toward-transv)))
                    )
               (-> self control unknown-vector20)
               (-> self control transv)
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@
              (zero? (logand (-> *kernel-context* prevent-from-run) (process-mask movie)))
              )
     (if (and (= (-> self cam-user-mode) 'normal)
-             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf00))
+             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags allow-look-around))
              (zero? (logand (-> self control root-prim prim-core action) (collide-action ca-7 ca-8 ca-9 ca-12 ca-13 ca-14))
                     )
              (-> *setting-control* current allow-look-around)
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@
     (set! (-> self control surf) *standard-ground-surface*)
     )
   (let ((f0-17 (vector-dot (-> self control dynam gravity-normal) (-> self control transv))))
-    (if (and (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf10))
+    (if (and (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags allow-edge-grab))
                  (and (= (-> self next-state name) 'target-walk)
                       (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/surface-h_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/surface-h_REF.gc
index 57846c1775..85765ddc03 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/surface-h_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/surface-h_REF.gc
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
                       :alignv 1.0
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf00)
+                      :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
               :alignv 1.0
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
-              :flags (surface-flags surf13)
+              :flags (surface-flags ducking)
               )
             )
       )
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'attack
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf12 surf13)
+                             :flags (surface-flags attacking ducking)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'air
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                      :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
                             :slope-up-traction 1.0
                             :align-speed 1.0
                             :mode 'air
-                            :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                            :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                             )
         )
 
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf07 surf10 surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump allow-edge-grab jump)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
                                    :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                    :align-speed 1.0
                                    :mode 'air
-                                   :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                                   :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                                    )
         )
 
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
                               :slope-up-traction 1.0
                               :align-speed 1.0
                               :mode 'air
-                              :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                              :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                               )
         )
 
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
                                    :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                    :align-speed 1.0
                                    :mode 'air
-                                   :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                                   :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                                    )
         )
 
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
                         :slope-up-traction 1.0
                         :align-speed 1.0
                         :mode 'attack
-                        :flags (surface-flags surf12)
+                        :flags (surface-flags attacking)
                         )
         )
 
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11 surf12)
+                             :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump attacking)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
               :mode 'air
-              :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11 surf12)
+              :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump attacking)
               )
             )
       )
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@
                             :slope-up-traction 1.0
                             :align-speed 1.0
                             :mode 'attack
-                            :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04 surf12)
+                            :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv attacking)
                             )
         )
 
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@
                        :slope-up-traction 1.0
                        :align-speed 1.0
                        :mode 'attack
-                       :flags (surface-flags surf12)
+                       :flags (surface-flags attacking)
                        )
         )
 
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@
                             :slope-up-traction 1.0
                             :align-speed 1.0
                             :mode 'attack
-                            :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11 surf12)
+                            :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump attacking)
                             )
         )
 
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'attack
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf11 surf12)
+                      :flags (surface-flags jump attacking)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
               :mode 'air
-              :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+              :flags (surface-flags jump)
               )
             )
       )
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@
                       :slope-up-traction 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'wade
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf00)
+                      :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@
                       :alignv 1.0
                       :align-speed 1.0
                       :mode 'dive
-                      :flags (surface-flags surf01)
+                      :flags (surface-flags dive)
                       )
         )
 
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'dive
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf01)
+                             :flags (surface-flags dive)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
                :alignv 1.0
                :slope-up-traction 1.0
                :align-speed 1.0
-               :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04)
+               :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv)
                )
              )
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-death_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-death_REF.gc
index 93adfbfe34..238d1c4a98 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-death_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-death_REF.gc
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@
                          (none)
                          )
                        :mode 'air
-                       :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                       :flags (surface-flags jump)
                        )
         )
 
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
       (none)
       )
     :mode 'air
-    :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04 surf11)
+    :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv jump)
     )
   )
 
@@ -628,7 +628,8 @@
                          (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                          )
                      (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                     (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                     (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
+                            )
                      )
                 )
            (go
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-handler_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-handler_REF.gc
index d75ff792f4..4b429897cc 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-handler_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-handler_REF.gc
@@ -225,13 +225,13 @@
          (cond
            ((-> arg3 param 0)
             (let ((v1-108 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-              (logclear! (-> v1-108 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+              (logclear! (-> v1-108 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
               )
             0
             )
            (else
              (let ((v1-110 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-               (logior! (-> v1-110 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+               (logior! (-> v1-110 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                )
              0
              )
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@
          )
      )
     (('loading)
-     (if (not (or (and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+     (if (not (or (and (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                        (zero? (logand (-> self control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                        )
                   (or (logtest? (-> self water flags) (water-flags wt09))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-util_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-util_REF.gc
index 6c218a3bae..2ef06d068c 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-util_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target-util_REF.gc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *target-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *target-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x2))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :x -0.4226 :y -0.9063 :w 409600.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 37683.2)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@
                 (< 0.866 (-> self control surface-angle))
                 )
            )
-       (and (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf06)))
+       (and (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-jump)))
             (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf11)))
             (case arg0
               (('target-wheel-flip)
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@
                )
              )
     (when (and (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control rider-time)) (-> *TARGET-bank* ground-timeout))
-               (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf14))
+               (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags moving-ground))
                )
       (+! (-> self control transv x) (-> self control rider-last-move x))
       (+! (-> self control transv z) (-> self control rider-last-move z))
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@
     (set! (-> gp-0 num-spheres) (the-as uint 2))
     (set! (-> gp-0 collide-with) (-> self control root-prim collide-with))
     (set! (-> gp-0 proc) #f)
-    (set! (-> gp-0 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+    (set! (-> gp-0 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
     (set! (-> gp-0 solid-only) #t)
     (if (fill-and-probe-using-spheres *collide-cache* gp-0)
         #f
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@
                            )
                       )
                   )
-             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08))
+             (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
              )
          )
      #f
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@
 (defbehavior can-feet? target ()
   (cond
     ((or (logtest? (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12))
-         (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf09))
+         (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf09))
          )
      #f
      )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target2_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target2_REF.gc
index 36d8d19b44..4c42b0f9fe 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target2_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target2_REF.gc
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
            (set! (-> a1-2 num-spheres) (the-as uint 6))
            (set! (-> a1-2 collide-with) (-> self control root-prim collide-with))
            (set! (-> a1-2 proc) #f)
-           (set! (-> a1-2 ignore-pat) (the-as uint 1))
+           (set! (-> a1-2 ignore-pat) (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1))
            (set! (-> a1-2 solid-only) #t)
            (when (not (fill-and-probe-using-spheres *collide-cache* a1-2))
              (remove-exit)
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@
     (logclear! (-> self control root-prim prim-core action) (collide-action ca-3 ca-7))
     (vector-float*! (-> self control transv) (-> self control unknown-vector101) -40960.0)
     (when (and (< (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control rider-time)) (seconds 0.2))
-               (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf14))
+               (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags moving-ground))
                    (= (-> self control poly-pat material) (pat-material rotate))
                    )
                )
@@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags jump)
                              )
         )
 
@@ -1922,7 +1922,7 @@
                 )
           (set! (-> self skel root-channel 1 frame-interp) f24-1)
           (ja :num! (loop! (/ (-> self control unknown-float01)
-                              (* 60.0 (/ (dummy-9 (-> self skel)) (-> *TARGET-bank* run-cycle-length)))
+                              (* 60.0 (/ (current-cycle-distance (-> self skel)) (-> *TARGET-bank* run-cycle-length)))
                               )
                            )
               )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target_REF.gc
index 8451f11a76..b0523c8fc5 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/engine/target/target_REF.gc
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@
               )
             )
           (set! (-> self skel root-channel 6 frame-interp) f30-0)
-          (let* ((f1-19 (dummy-9 (-> self skel)))
+          (let* ((f1-19 (current-cycle-distance (-> self skel)))
                  (f0-92 (/ (-> self control unknown-float01) (* 60.0 (/ f1-19 (-> *TARGET-bank* run-cycle-length)))))
                  )
             (ja :num! (loop! f0-92))
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@
       (set! arg0 (+ arg0 f0-1))
       (set! arg1 (+ arg1 f0-1))
       )
-    (when (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf14))
+    (when (or (logtest? (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags moving-ground))
               (= (-> self control poly-pat material) (pat-material rotate))
               )
       (+! (-> self control transv x) (-> self control rider-last-move x))
@@ -1472,7 +1472,8 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
+                         )
                   )
              )
         (go
@@ -1594,7 +1595,8 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
+                         )
                   )
              )
         (go
@@ -1694,7 +1696,8 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
+                         )
                   )
              )
         (go
@@ -2163,7 +2166,7 @@
                                )
                         )
                     (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf11 sf12)))
-                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07)))
+                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump)))
                     )
                )
           (go
@@ -2551,7 +2554,8 @@
                         (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                         )
                     (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                    (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
+                           )
                     )
                )
       (set-quaternion! (-> self control) (-> self control dir-targ))
@@ -2895,7 +2899,7 @@
     (set! (-> self control unknown-uint20) (the-as uint arg0))
     (set-forward-vel (the-as float 0.0))
     (set! (-> self control unknown-surface00) *flop-land-mods*)
-    (logclear! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags surf10))
+    (logclear! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags allow-edge-grab))
     (set! (-> self state-flags) (logior (state-flags sf20) (-> self state-flags)))
     (none)
     )
@@ -2926,7 +2930,7 @@
       (if (and (or (= v1-33 eichar-flop-down-land-ja) (= v1-33 eichar-moving-flop-down-land-ja))
                (>= (ja-aframe-num 0) 28.0)
                )
-          (logior! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags surf10))
+          (logior! (-> *flop-land-mods* flags) (surface-flags allow-edge-grab))
           )
       )
     (slide-down-test)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/bird-lady_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/bird-lady_REF.gc
index 54600e1611..552df8f6aa 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/bird-lady_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/bird-lady_REF.gc
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/mayor_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/mayor_REF.gc
index 6a7deb6880..d3729fdfee 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/mayor_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/mayor_REF.gc
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/sculptor_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/sculptor_REF.gc
index c8cfac8970..5b0c5f59d6 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/sculptor_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/sculptor_REF.gc
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/seagull_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/seagull_REF.gc
index fcfb43ff71..530ee24b4d 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/seagull_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/beach/seagull_REF.gc
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@
                        (collide-kind background)
                        self
                        s5-0
-                       1
+                       (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                        )
                      )
               )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/citadel/citadel-sages_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/citadel/citadel-sages_REF.gc
index 6ea2ce3a42..43dd2732a1 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/citadel/citadel-sages_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/citadel/citadel-sages_REF.gc
@@ -560,14 +560,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -690,14 +690,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -825,14 +825,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/basebutton_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/basebutton_REF.gc
index 221af70025..1ab2cad684 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/basebutton_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/basebutton_REF.gc
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf05)
+                           :flags (surface-flags always-rotate-toward-transv)
                            )
         )
 
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/joint-exploder_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/joint-exploder_REF.gc
index 39f442d0d6..11d7c05930 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/joint-exploder_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/joint-exploder_REF.gc
@@ -517,7 +517,15 @@
               (s3-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'collide-tri-result))
               )
           (vector-! a2-1 s4-0 (-> s5-1 prev-pos))
-          (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* (-> s5-1 prev-pos) a2-1 40.96 (collide-kind background) s3-0 1)
+          (when (>= (probe-using-line-sphere
+                      *collide-cache*
+                      (-> s5-1 prev-pos)
+                      a2-1
+                      40.96
+                      (collide-kind background)
+                      s3-0
+                      (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
+                      )
                     0.0
                     )
             (set! (-> s4-0 quad) (-> s3-0 intersect quad))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc
index 2c9b284a3c..546f426665 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/nav-enemy_REF.gc
@@ -1825,7 +1825,7 @@ nav-enemy-default-event-handler
 ;; definition for symbol *nav-enemy-dummy-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *nav-enemy-dummy-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x28))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf03 disable-draw)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -4096.0)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/plat-button_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/plat-button_REF.gc
index 471539f5ef..637e83e88a 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/plat-button_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/common/plat-button_REF.gc
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
     (when (-> self go-back-if-lost-player?)
       (when (or (not *target*)
                 (and (>= (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self state-time)) (seconds 4))
-                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                )
                           )
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
     (when (-> self go-back-if-lost-player?)
       (when (or (not *target*)
                 (and (>= (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self state-time)) (seconds 4))
-                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                     (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                )
                           )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker_REF.gc
index 703cf903ea..0ab2b4ccf9 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/green-eco-lurker_REF.gc
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
                           (v1-7 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
                           )
                       (let ((a0-1 v1-7))
-                        (logclear! (-> a0-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                        (logclear! (-> a0-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                         )
                       0
                       (let ((a0-3 v1-7))
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
                     )
                    (else
                      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-                       (logior! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                       (logior! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                        )
                      0
                      )
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
       0
       (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf03))
       (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf02))
-      (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logclear! (-> v1-4 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (ja-channel-push! 1 (seconds 0.2))
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@
     (sound-play-by-name (static-sound-name "blob-explode") (new-sound-id) 1024 0 0 1 #t)
     (activate! *camera-smush-control* 409.6 37 150 1.0 0.99)
     (let ((v1-14 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (let ((t9-7 (-> (method-of-type nav-enemy nav-enemy-die) enter)))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/robotboss_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/robotboss_REF.gc
index 8fcc22a366..08f0b7447c 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/robotboss_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/finalboss/robotboss_REF.gc
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
       ((or (not (ja-group? arg2)) (< f0-0 arg0) (< arg1 f0-0))
        (robotboss-cut-cam-exit)
        )
-      ((or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+      ((or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                 (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                 )
            (-> self skip-cut)
@@ -2420,7 +2420,7 @@
                        (collide-kind target)
                        self
                        t2-0
-                       1
+                       (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                        )
                      0.0
                      )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/flutflut_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/flutflut_REF.gc
index 287cab2953..f8bf862176 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/flutflut_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/flutflut_REF.gc
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *flutflut-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *flutflut-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xa))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 81920.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -2867.2)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/target-flut_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/target-flut_REF.gc
index 822af88926..990b0a4dd3 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/target-flut_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/flut_common/target-flut_REF.gc
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
                            :alignv 1.0
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf03)
+                           :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
                                   :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                   :align-speed 1.0
                                   :mode 'air
-                                  :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                                  :flags (surface-flags jump)
                                   )
         )
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
                                  :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                  :align-speed 1.0
                                  :mode 'attack
-                                 :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf04 surf12)
+                                 :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around no-rotate-toward-transv attacking)
                                  )
         )
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
                                  :slope-up-traction 1.0
                                  :align-speed 1.0
                                  :mode 'attack
-                                 :flags (surface-flags surf11 surf12)
+                                 :flags (surface-flags jump attacking)
                                  )
         )
 
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@
           (set! f30-0 (seek f30-0 f0-13 (* 4.0 (-> *display* seconds-per-frame))))
           )
         (set! (-> self skel root-channel 1 frame-interp) f30-0)
-        (let* ((f0-16 (dummy-9 (-> self skel)))
+        (let* ((f0-16 (current-cycle-distance (-> self skel)))
                (f0-18 (/ (* 58.0 (-> self control unknown-float01)) (* 60.0 f0-16)))
                )
           (if (= (-> self control surf name) '*tar-surface*)
@@ -873,7 +873,8 @@
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
                   (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
+                         )
                   )
              )
         (go target-flut-air-attack (-> *FLUT-bank* air-attack-speed))
@@ -987,7 +988,8 @@
                        (pad-buttons square)
                        )
              (and (zero? (logand (-> self state-flags) (state-flags sf12)))
-                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags surf07 surf08)))
+                  (zero? (logand (-> self control unknown-surface01 flags) (surface-flags prevent-attacks-during-launch-jump surf08))
+                         )
                   (>= (- (-> *display* base-frame-counter) (-> self control unknown-dword36))
                       (the-as time-frame (-> *TARGET-bank* stuck-timeout))
                       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/fisher_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/fisher_REF.gc
index 686210cf38..d59e62fe6b 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/fisher_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/fisher_REF.gc
@@ -911,14 +911,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors_REF.gc
index 1ae14b0c0f..ecdd2196bb 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungle/jungle-mirrors_REF.gc
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@
   :event (behavior ((arg0 process) (arg1 int) (arg2 symbol) (arg3 event-message-block))
     (case arg2
       (('touch)
-       (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+       (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                      (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                      )
                                 )
@@ -2168,7 +2168,7 @@
                   (collide-kind target)
                   (the-as process #f)
                   t2-0
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungleb/plant-boss_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungleb/plant-boss_REF.gc
index 47f4eac8c0..6d70b8e69c 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungleb/plant-boss_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/jungleb/plant-boss_REF.gc
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *plant-boss-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *plant-boss-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x2))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 409600.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 37683.2)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/dark-crystal_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/dark-crystal_REF.gc
index d31d299942..ca841bb66b 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/dark-crystal_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/dark-crystal_REF.gc
@@ -611,7 +611,16 @@
       (when (>= (-> obj explode-danger-radius) (vector-vector-distance s5-0 s3-0))
         (vector-! s4-0 s3-0 s5-0)
         (let ((t2-0 (new 'stack-no-clear 'collide-tri-result)))
-          (if (< (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* s5-0 s4-0 819.2 (collide-kind background) obj t2-0 1)
+          (if (< (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere
+                   *collide-cache*
+                   s5-0
+                   s4-0
+                   819.2
+                   (collide-kind background)
+                   obj
+                   t2-0
+                   (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
+                   )
                  0.0
                  )
               (send-event *target* 'attack #f (new 'static 'attack-info))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/driller-lurker_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/driller-lurker_REF.gc
index 81266e4192..844c8671a6 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/driller-lurker_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/driller-lurker_REF.gc
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *driller-lurker-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *driller-lurker-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x9))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf00 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 4096.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -2048.0)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/maincave-obs_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/maincave-obs_REF.gc
index 65d314970d..d6b6fd836d 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/maincave-obs_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/maincave-obs_REF.gc
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@
     (until (or (or (not *target*)
                    (< 28672.0 (vector-vector-distance (-> self root-override trans) (-> *target* control trans)))
                    )
-               (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+               (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                               (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                               )
                          )
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@
     (ja-no-eval :group! (-> self draw art-group data 8) :num! (seek!) :frame-num 0.0)
     (until (ja-done? 0)
       (when (and (and *target* (>= 28672.0 (vector-vector-distance (-> self root-override trans) (-> *target* control trans))))
-                 (or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                 (or (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                           (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                           )
                      (logtest? (-> *target* control root-prim prim-core action) (collide-action ca-7))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg_REF.gc
index bbb9b630a2..0c26edc92b 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider-egg_REF.gc
@@ -195,11 +195,20 @@
        (set! (-> a1-1 y) (+ 1228.8 (-> a1-1 y)))
        (set-vector! a2-1 0.0 -61440.0 0.0 1.0)
        (cond
-         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-1 a2-1 7372.8 (collide-kind background) obj s5-0 1)
+         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere
+                *collide-cache*
+                a1-1
+                a2-1
+                7372.8
+                (collide-kind background)
+                obj
+                s5-0
+                (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
+                )
               0.0
               )
           (let ((v1-11 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
             )
           0
           (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -214,7 +223,7 @@
           )
          (else
            (let ((v1-22 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-             (logior! (-> v1-22 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+             (logior! (-> v1-22 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
              )
            0
            )
@@ -223,7 +232,7 @@
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-25 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -392,7 +401,7 @@
       (ja :num! (seek!))
       )
     (let ((v1-37 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-37 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-37 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (go mother-spider-egg-die-exit)
@@ -406,7 +415,7 @@
   :code (behavior ()
     (logclear! (-> self mask) (process-mask actor-pause))
     (let ((v1-3 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (lods-assign! (-> self draw) (-> self broken-look))
@@ -449,7 +458,7 @@
     (logclear! (-> self mask) (process-mask actor-pause))
     (clear-collide-with-as (-> self root-override))
     (let ((v1-5 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (process-spawn
@@ -482,7 +491,7 @@
     (send-event (ppointer->process (-> self parent-override)) 'untrigger)
     (logior! (-> self draw status) (draw-status hidden))
     (let ((v1-8 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (logclear! (-> self root-override nav-flags) (nav-flags navf0))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider_REF.gc
index a23ea985f7..cb2e45dabb 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/mother-spider_REF.gc
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
                     (collide-kind background)
                     self
                     gp-0
-                    1
+                    (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                     )
                   0.0
                   )
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
 
 ;; definition for method 31 of type mother-spider
 (defmethod is-player-stuck? mother-spider ((obj mother-spider))
-  (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+  (when (and *target* (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                 (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                 )
                            )
@@ -415,11 +415,20 @@
        (set-vector! a2-0 0.0 -81920.0 0.0 1.0)
        (set! (-> a1-0 y) (+ -8192.0 (-> a1-0 y)))
        (cond
-         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-0 a2-0 8192.0 (collide-kind background) obj s5-0 1)
+         ((>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere
+                *collide-cache*
+                a1-0
+                a2-0
+                8192.0
+                (collide-kind background)
+                obj
+                s5-0
+                (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
+                )
               0.0
               )
           (let ((v1-11 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
             )
           0
           (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -440,7 +449,7 @@
           )
          (else
            (let ((v1-23 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-             (logior! (-> v1-23 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+             (logior! (-> v1-23 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
              )
            0
            )
@@ -449,7 +458,7 @@
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-25 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -724,7 +733,7 @@
                            (collide-kind background)
                            obj
                            (the-as collide-tri-result s5-1)
-                           1
+                           (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                            )
                          0.0
                          )
@@ -826,7 +835,7 @@
 (defstate mother-spider-idle (mother-spider)
   :enter (behavior ()
     (let ((v1-1 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (set! (-> self mode) (the-as uint 0))
@@ -1061,7 +1070,7 @@
             )
         )
       )
-    (if (or (not *target*) (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+    (if (or (not *target*) (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                 (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                 )
             )
@@ -1444,7 +1453,7 @@
                   (collide-kind background)
                   obj
                   s2-2
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
@@ -1478,7 +1487,7 @@
              (collide-kind background)
              obj
              s3-2
-             1
+             (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
              )
            0.0
            )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/spiderwebs_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/spiderwebs_REF.gc
index 77672db819..2a76339467 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/spiderwebs_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/maincave/spiderwebs_REF.gc
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
                              :slope-up-traction 1.0
                              :align-speed 1.0
                              :mode 'air
-                             :flags (surface-flags surf10 surf11)
+                             :flags (surface-flags allow-edge-grab jump)
                              )
         )
 
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/misty-conveyor_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/misty-conveyor_REF.gc
index 60fa43ba3d..07dd3f5dba 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/misty-conveyor_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/misty-conveyor_REF.gc
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@
                   (cond
                     ((>= (vector4-dot (camera-pos) (-> self shadow-enable-plane)) 0.0)
                      (let ((v1-32 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-                       (logclear! (-> v1-32 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                       (logclear! (-> v1-32 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                        )
                      0
                      (let ((v1-35 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
                      )
                     (else
                       (let ((v1-41 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-                        (logior! (-> v1-41 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                        (logior! (-> v1-41 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                         )
                       0
                       (let ((v1-44 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
           (f26-0 (- (-> *standard-dynamics* gravity-length)))
           )
       (let ((v1-10 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-10 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       (clear-collide-with-as (-> self root-override))
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@
   (initialize-skeleton self *keg-sg* '())
   (set! (-> self draw shadow-ctrl) (new 'process 'shadow-control 0.0 0.0 614400.0 (the-as float 60) 245760.0))
   (let ((v1-25 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-    (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+    (logior! (-> v1-25 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
     )
   0
   (let ((s5-1 (new 'static 'vector :x -514715.0 :y 226968.0 :z 3906894.8 :w 1.0)))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/mistycannon_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/mistycannon_REF.gc
index 340c35d3f7..4083a69a6d 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/mistycannon_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/misty/mistycannon_REF.gc
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@
                         (collide-kind background)
                         self
                         t2-0
-                        1
+                        (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                         )
                       0.0
                       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/flying-lurker_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/flying-lurker_REF.gc
index 2c71de5c32..943d0f8b1e 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/flying-lurker_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/flying-lurker_REF.gc
@@ -397,7 +397,16 @@
             (set! (-> a1-1 quad) (-> obj root trans quad))
             (set! (-> a1-1 y) (+ -8192.0 (-> a1-1 y)))
             (set-vector! a2-0 0.0 -81920.0 0.0 1.0)
-            (when (>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere *collide-cache* a1-1 a2-0 8192.0 (collide-kind background) pp s3-1 1)
+            (when (>= (fill-and-probe-using-line-sphere
+                        *collide-cache*
+                        a1-1
+                        a2-0
+                        8192.0
+                        (collide-kind background)
+                        pp
+                        s3-1
+                        (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
+                        )
                       0.0
                       )
               (set! (-> s3-1 intersect w) 8192.0)
@@ -406,7 +415,7 @@
                          )
                 (set! s4-0 #t)
                 (let ((v1-17 s5-0))
-                  (logclear! (-> v1-17 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+                  (logclear! (-> v1-17 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
                   )
                 0
                 (let ((v1-19 s5-0))
@@ -444,7 +453,7 @@
           )
         )
       (when (not s4-0)
-        (logior! (-> s5-0 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> s5-0 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         0
         (set! (-> obj draw bounds quad) (-> obj default-bounds quad))
         (set! (-> obj draw origin-joint-index) (the-as uint 4))
@@ -894,7 +903,7 @@
   (logclear! (-> self mask) (process-mask actor-pause))
   (close-specific-task! (game-task plunger-lurker-hit) (task-status unknown))
   (while (and *target*
-              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+              (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
               (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
               )
     (suspend)
@@ -1304,7 +1313,7 @@
         (new 'process 'shadow-control 131072.0 151552.0 614400.0 (the-as float 60) 409600.0)
         )
   (let ((v1-27 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-    (logclear! (-> v1-27 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+    (logclear! (-> v1-27 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
     )
   0
   (set! (-> obj alt-actor) (entity-actor-lookup arg0 'alt-actor 0))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/ogreboss_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/ogreboss_REF.gc
index 118891e897..0fc30c98f1 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/ogreboss_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/ogre/ogreboss_REF.gc
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *ogreboss-missile-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *ogreboss-missile-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xe))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf02 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -102400.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -143360.0)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *ogreboss-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *ogreboss-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xc))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf02 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -102400.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -143360.0)
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
                       (-> self root-override root-prim collide-with)
                       (-> self parent-override 0)
                       s4-0
-                      1
+                      (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                       )
                     )
               )
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@
                              (-> self root-override root-prim collide-with)
                              t1-0
                              t2-0
-                             1
+                             (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                              )
                            )
                          )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/racer_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/racer_REF.gc
index e2fb11b5a0..fb27c72f22 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/racer_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/racer_REF.gc
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *racer-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *racer-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xa))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 81920.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 2048.0)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/target-racer_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/target-racer_REF.gc
index 20cd921713..27ad9975fc 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/target-racer_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/racer_common/target-racer_REF.gc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
                        :alignv 1.0
                        :slope-up-traction 1.0
                        :align-speed 1.0
-                       :flags (surface-flags surf00)
+                       :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around)
                        )
         )
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf00 surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags allow-look-around jump)
                            )
         )
 
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/rolling/rolling-robber_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/rolling/rolling-robber_REF.gc
index 411bbdf3fe..cb4297efea 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/rolling/rolling-robber_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/rolling/rolling-robber_REF.gc
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
                     (collide-kind background)
                     self
                     t2-0
-                    1
+                    (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                     )
                   )
             (v1-5 (new 'stack-no-clear 'vector))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/ice-cube_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/ice-cube_REF.gc
index 7bc7ee18d8..fe0ce80d00 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/ice-cube_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/ice-cube_REF.gc
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@
                     (collide-kind background)
                     obj
                     s3-1
-                    1
+                    (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                     )
                   0.0
                   )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ball_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ball_REF.gc
index d4dcbc635d..8330f37029 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ball_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ball_REF.gc
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *snow-ball-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *snow-ball-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #xa))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags disable-fade shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 245760.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 26624.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs_REF.gc
index e87d50045a..cc3f42b351 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-flutflut-obs_REF.gc
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@
   :trans (behavior ()
     (when *target*
       (if (and (>= 798720.0 (-> (target-pos 0) y))
-               (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+               (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                          (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                          )
                     )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss_REF.gc
index 909378e075..dff4fe0e63 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/snow/snow-ram-boss_REF.gc
@@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@
                       (collide-kind background cak-2 ground-object)
                       obj
                       t2-0
-                      1
+                      (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                       )
                     0.0
                     )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/bully_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/bully_REF.gc
index 04124065fb..77a1d18be0 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/bully_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/bully_REF.gc
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 ;; definition for symbol *bully-shadow-control*, type shadow-control
 (define *bully-shadow-control*
   (new 'static 'shadow-control :settings (new 'static 'shadow-settings
-                                           :center (new 'static 'vector :w (the-as float #x9))
+                                           :flags (shadow-flags shdf00 shdf03)
                                            :shadow-dir (new 'static 'vector :y -1.0 :w 614400.0)
                                            :bot-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w 10240.0)
                                            :top-plane (new 'static 'plane :y 1.0 :w -2048.0)
@@ -510,14 +510,14 @@
     (set! (-> self travel-speed) 0.0)
     (shut-down! (-> self neck))
     (let ((v1-5 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (none)
     )
   :exit (behavior ()
     (let ((v1-1 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logclear! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logclear! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (none)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/double-lurker_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/double-lurker_REF.gc
index 8ddfb33e48..486c0df918 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/double-lurker_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/double-lurker_REF.gc
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
   :code (behavior ((arg0 object) (arg1 vector) (arg2 vector))
     (dummy-51 self)
     (let ((v1-3 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logclear! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logclear! (-> v1-3 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (logclear! (-> self collide-info nav-flags) (nav-flags navf0))
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
       (ja :group! double-lurker-both-idle-ja :num! min)
       (transform-post)
       (let ((v1-13 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-13 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-13 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       (go double-lurker-top-on-shoulders)
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@
                   (collide-kind background)
                   obj
                   s4-0
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/puffer_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/puffer_REF.gc
index c79a2f9a81..7d159f4e78 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/puffer_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/puffer_REF.gc
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@
                 (collide-kind background cak-3 ground-object)
                 obj
                 s5-0
-                1
+                (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                 )
               0.0
               )
           (let ((v1-11 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+            (logclear! (-> v1-11 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
             )
           0
           (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
           )
          (else
            (let ((v1-19 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-             (logior! (-> v1-19 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+             (logior! (-> v1-19 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
              )
            0
            )
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-21 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-21 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-21 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
     (set! (-> self attacking?) #f)
     (shut-down! (-> self neck))
     (let ((v1-5 (-> self draw shadow-ctrl)))
-      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+      (logior! (-> v1-5 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
       )
     0
     (none)
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/target-tube_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/target-tube_REF.gc
index efe50297b7..40abdb0644 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/target-tube_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/sunken/target-tube_REF.gc
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
                            :slope-up-traction 1.0
                            :align-speed 1.0
                            :mode 'air
-                           :flags (surface-flags surf11)
+                           :flags (surface-flags jump)
                            )
         )
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
               :alignv 1.0
               :slope-up-traction 1.0
               :align-speed 1.0
-              :flags (surface-flags surf03 surf05)
+              :flags (surface-flags no-turn-around always-rotate-toward-transv)
               )
             )
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/swamp/kermit_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/swamp/kermit_REF.gc
index 9f22a1fcb4..f91e8d5f97 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/swamp/kermit_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/swamp/kermit_REF.gc
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@
              (collide-kind background cak-2 crate enemy wall-object projectile ground-object)
              self
              t2-0
-             1
+             (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
              )
            )
          (gp-1 (< f30-0 0.0))
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/training/training-obs_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/training/training-obs_REF.gc
index 04cd20263e..a2edad7580 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/training/training-obs_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/training/training-obs_REF.gc
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
                  )
         (when (!= (-> self index) 6)
           (while (and *target*
-                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                       (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
             (suspend)
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@
                            )
                           (or (= (-> self type) scarecrow-a)
                               (and (= (-> arg0 type) target)
-                                   (logtest? (-> (the-as target arg0) control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                                   (logtest? (-> (the-as target arg0) control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                    (zero? (logand (-> (the-as target arg0) control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                    )
                               )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/assistant_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/assistant_REF.gc
index 92f3c86aae..573c29d9ad 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/assistant_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/assistant_REF.gc
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/explorer_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/explorer_REF.gc
index bd2d1df429..c88ec98291 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/explorer_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village1/explorer_REF.gc
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/assistant-village2_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/assistant-village2_REF.gc
index ca5d3ae2df..0117914f82 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/assistant-village2_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/assistant-village2_REF.gc
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@
                   (collide-kind target)
                   (the-as process #f)
                   t2-0
-                  1
+                  (new 'static 'pat-surface :noentity #x1)
                   )
                 0.0
                 )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/warrior_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/warrior_REF.gc
index 8aa480c80d..35e41bbba4 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/warrior_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village2/warrior_REF.gc
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/assistant-village3_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/assistant-village3_REF.gc
index dbd70d86b1..b3d05604c7 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/assistant-village3_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/assistant-village3_REF.gc
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/miners_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/miners_REF.gc
index 4b86bd4c8f..fddac569ae 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/miners_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/miners_REF.gc
@@ -76,14 +76,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
@@ -273,14 +273,14 @@
           (logtest? (-> obj draw status) (draw-status was-drawn))
           )
      (let ((v1-9 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+       (logclear! (-> v1-9 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
        )
      0
      (update-direction-from-time-of-day (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl))
      )
     (else
       (let ((v1-14 (-> obj draw shadow-ctrl)))
-        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-14 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         )
       0
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/sage-village3_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/sage-village3_REF.gc
index bddbaddac2..7218ca3a65 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/sage-village3_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/sage-village3_REF.gc
@@ -307,13 +307,13 @@
        (logclear! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf02))
        (set! (-> v1-1 settings bot-plane w) 20480.0)
        (let ((a0-8 v1-1))
-         (logclear! (-> a0-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+         (logclear! (-> a0-8 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
          )
        0
        (update-direction-from-time-of-day v1-1)
        )
       (else
-        (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags shdf05))
+        (logior! (-> v1-1 settings flags) (shadow-flags disable-draw))
         0
         )
       )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/village3-obs_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/village3-obs_REF.gc
index 66fdfc7507..c77c89b0a4 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/village3-obs_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village3/village3-obs_REF.gc
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
                   )
                 )
               (when (and (< (vector-vector-xz-distance s5-1 (-> *target* control trans)) 18432.0)
-                         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                         (and (not (and (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                                         (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                                         )
                                    )
diff --git a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village_common/villagep-obs_REF.gc b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village_common/villagep-obs_REF.gc
index 07c9294b2d..40fb6cd1df 100644
--- a/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village_common/villagep-obs_REF.gc
+++ b/test/decompiler/reference/levels/village_common/villagep-obs_REF.gc
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@
              )
             )
           (while (and *target*
-                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags surf11))
+                      (logtest? (-> *target* control unknown-surface00 flags) (surface-flags jump))
                       (zero? (logand (-> *target* control status) (cshape-moving-flags onsurf)))
                       )
             (suspend)