Definitions

Jump/Branch/Function - Tells the cpu to execute instructions somewhere else and come back here when done.
Hexadecimal - A numbering system. Similar numbering sytems include decimal (also called base-ten) and roman numerals.
- Easy method for programmers and computers to understand each other which groups/separates bytes of information in a readable format.
- Representing computer numbers as decimal results in an unreadable mess.
s32/word/int - A max size for a number. Data represented as 32 bits or 4 bytes: 0x00000001. It consists of eight digits.
s16/half-word/short - A number represented as 16 bits or 2 bytes: 0x0001. It consists of four digits. Maximum value 65,535 (0xFFFF).
s8/byte/char - A number represented as 8 bits or 1 byte: 0x01. It consists of two digits. Maximum value 255 (0xFF).
unsigned - A positive integer. 0, 1 to maximum value.
signed - A positive or negative integer. 0, -1 to -max, 1 to max.
- Max value slightly lower than unsigned due to a bit being used to set whether negative or positive.
- Google "Two's complement" for an indepth technical explanation.
f32/float - A positive or negative value containing a decimals such as 5.0f or 5.1f or 5.148282f
f64/double - A positive or negative value of high-precision. Ex. 5.5784298538832 (many decimals).