THA docs (#1177)

* THA docs

Co-authored-by: Tharo <17233964+Thar0@users.noreply.github.com>

* format

* namefixer

* yada

* remove zero pad comment

* Update include/z64.h

Co-authored-by: engineer124 <47598039+engineer124@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update include/thga.h

Co-authored-by: engineer124 <47598039+engineer124@users.noreply.github.com>

* namefixer

* bss

* namefixer

---------

Co-authored-by: Tharo <17233964+Thar0@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: engineer124 <47598039+engineer124@users.noreply.github.com>

src/code/TwoHeadArena.c

@@ -1,79 +1,136 @@
-#include "global.h"
+/**
+ * @file TwoHeadArena.c
+ *
+ * This file implements a simple general purpose double-ended stack allocator.
+ *
+ * A double-ended stack allocator accepts allocations at either the "head" or "tail" of its allotted memory region.
+ * While in general this type of allocator could accept deallocations on the most recently allocated block at either
+ * end, this implementation does not support any individual deallocations; the only provided way to deallocate anything
+ * is to reset the entire arena, deallocating everything. This scheme is most applicable to allocating similar data
+ * with identical lifetime.
+ */
+
+#include "tha.h"
+#include "alignment.h"
+#include "functions.h"
 
 void* THA_GetHead(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
     return tha->head;
 }
 
-void THA_SetHead(TwoHeadArena* tha, void* start) {
-    tha->head = start;
+void THA_SetHead(TwoHeadArena* tha, void* newHead) {
+    tha->head = newHead;
 }
 
 void* THA_GetTail(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
     return tha->tail;
 }
 
-void* THA_AllocStart(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size) {
+/**
+ * Allocates to the head of the Two Head Arena. The allocation will not have any alignment guarantees.
+ */
+void* THA_AllocHead(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size) {
     void* start = tha->head;
 
-    tha->head = (u32)tha->head + size;
+    tha->head = (u8*)tha->head + size;
     return start;
 }
 
-void* THA_AllocStart1(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
-    return THA_AllocStart(tha, 1);
+void* THA_AllocHeadByte(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
+    return THA_AllocHead(tha, 1);
 }
 
-void* THA_AllocEnd(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size) {
-    u32 mask;
+/**
+ * Allocates to the tail end of the Two Head Arena. The allocation will be aligned based on the size of the allocation.
+ * All allocations of 16 bytes or more will be aligned to 16-bytes. Otherwise, the alignment will be the largest power
+ * of 2 for which the size is a multiple, in order to accommodate the alignment requirements of any data types that can
+ * fit within the allocation.
+ */
+void* THA_AllocTail(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size) {
+    uintptr_t mask;
 
     if (size >= 0x10) {
-        mask = ~0xF;
+        // Align 0x10 for allocations greater than 0x10
+        mask = ALIGN_MASK(0x10);
     } else if (size & 1) {
-        mask = -1;
+        // No alignment for odd sizes
+        mask = ALIGN_MASK(1);
     } else if (size & 2) {
-        mask = ~0x1;
+        // Align 2 for multiples of 2
+        mask = ALIGN_MASK(2);
     } else if (size & 4) {
-        mask = ~0x3;
+        // Align 4 for multiples of 4
+        mask = ALIGN_MASK(4);
+    } else if (size & 8) {
+        // Align 8 for multiples of 8
+        mask = ALIGN_MASK(8);
     } else {
-        mask = (size & 8) ? ~0x7 : -1;
+        mask = ALIGN_MASK(1);
     }
 
-    tha->tail = (((u32)tha->tail & mask) - size) & mask;
+    tha->tail = (void*)((((uintptr_t)tha->tail & mask) - size) & mask);
     return tha->tail;
 }
 
-void* THA_AllocEndAlign16(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size) {
-    u32 mask = ~0xF;
+/**
+ * Allocates to the tail end of the Two Head Arena with guaranteed 16-byte alignment.
+ */
+void* THA_AllocTailAlign16(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size) {
+    uintptr_t mask = ALIGN_MASK(0x10);
 
-    tha->tail = (((u32)tha->tail & mask) - size) & mask;
+    tha->tail = (void*)((((uintptr_t)tha->tail & mask) - size) & mask);
     return tha->tail;
 }
 
-void* THA_AllocEndAlign(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size, u32 mask) {
-    tha->tail = (((u32)tha->tail & mask) - size) & mask;
+/**
+ * Allocates to the tail end of the Two Head Arena using the provided mask to align the allocated region.
+ *
+ * @param tha   Arena to allocate to
+ * @param size  Size of the allocation
+ * @param mask  Mask to use to align the allocated region. To align to n-bytes where n is a power of 2, use the
+ *              ALIGN_MASK(n) macro
+ *
+ * @return Pointer to the start of the allocated block
+ */
+void* THA_AllocTailAlign(TwoHeadArena* tha, size_t size, uintptr_t mask) {
+    tha->tail = (void*)((((uintptr_t)tha->tail & mask) - size) & mask);
     return tha->tail;
 }
 
-s32 THA_GetSize(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
-    return (u32)tha->tail - (u32)tha->head;
+/**
+ * Gets the remaining size of the Two Head Arena
+ *
+ * @return Remaining size. A negative number indicates an overflow.
+ */
+s32 THA_GetRemaining(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
+    return (s32)((u8*)tha->tail - (u8*)tha->head);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @return true if the Two Head Arena has overflowed, false otherwise
+ */
 u32 THA_IsCrash(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
-    return THA_GetSize(tha) < 0;
+    return THA_GetRemaining(tha) < 0;
 }
 
-void THA_Init(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
-    tha->head = tha->bufp;
-    tha->tail = (u32)tha->bufp + tha->size;
+void THA_Reset(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
+    tha->head = tha->start;
+    tha->tail = (u8*)tha->start + tha->size;
 }
 
-void THA_Ct(TwoHeadArena* tha, void* ptr, size_t size) {
+/**
+ * Creates a new Two Head Arena at `start` with available size `size`
+ */
+void THA_Init(TwoHeadArena* tha, void* start, size_t size) {
     bzero(tha, sizeof(TwoHeadArena));
-    tha->bufp = ptr;
+    tha->start = start;
     tha->size = size;
-    THA_Init(tha);
+    THA_Reset(tha);
 }
 
-void THA_Dt(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
+/**
+ * Destroys the Two Head Arena, no further allocations are possible
+ */
+void THA_Destroy(TwoHeadArena* tha) {
     bzero(tha, sizeof(TwoHeadArena));
 }