diff --git a/src/apkSignature/apkSignatureFailures.ts b/src/apkSignature/apkSignatureFailures.ts
index 12ac3854a2..eec744d4c8 100644
--- a/src/apkSignature/apkSignatureFailures.ts
+++ b/src/apkSignature/apkSignatureFailures.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import { completedStableArtifact } from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -7,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   bindArtifactFileCleanup,
 } from "../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import { ProviderCleanupError } from "../domain/providerCleanupError.js";
 import { AnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import {
@@ -130,16 +129,8 @@ export const apkSignatureFailure = (
   path: string,
 ): AnalysisError => {
   const primary = primaryFailure(artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause), path);
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.ts b/src/artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f177d947f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import {
+  fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema,
+  type FileSnapshotPartialObservation,
+} from "../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifact } from "./readStableArtifact.js";
+
+/** Completed file identity survives finalization; it does not establish decoded content. */
+export const completedStableArtifactObservation = (
+  cause: unknown,
+  path: string,
+): FileSnapshotPartialObservation | undefined => {
+  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
+  return snapshot === undefined
+    ? undefined
+    : fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
+        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
+        path,
+        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
+        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
+      });
+};
diff --git a/src/erlang/BeamProvider.ts b/src/erlang/BeamProvider.ts
index 28ed4648c2..049f916516 100644
--- a/src/erlang/BeamProvider.ts
+++ b/src/erlang/BeamProvider.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  completedStableArtifact,
-  readStableArtifact,
-} from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -12,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { BeamPort } from "../application/erlang/BeamPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { ArtifactOperationError } from "../domain/artifactOperationError.js";
@@ -207,16 +204,8 @@ const beamFailurePrimary = (
 
 const beamFailure = (cause: unknown, input: InspectErlangBeamInput) => {
   const primary = beamFailurePrimary(artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause), input);
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/firmware/devicetree/DevicetreeProvider.ts b/src/firmware/devicetree/DevicetreeProvider.ts
index 104aff0f79..5d4a42938f 100644
--- a/src/firmware/devicetree/DevicetreeProvider.ts
+++ b/src/firmware/devicetree/DevicetreeProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  completedStableArtifact,
-  readStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ import {
   MAX_DEVICETREE_FILE_BYTES,
   type InspectDevicetreeInput,
 } from "../../domain/firmware/devicetree.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import { err, ok } from "../../domain/result.js";
 import { ProviderCleanupError } from "../../domain/providerCleanupError.js";
 import { DEVICETREE_PROVIDER } from "../../domain/investigationProviders.js";
@@ -202,17 +199,8 @@ const devicetreeFailure = (cause: unknown, input: InspectDevicetreeInput) => {
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    // The one stable read completed before finalization failed; keep its identity.
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/go/GoBinaryProvider.ts b/src/go/GoBinaryProvider.ts
index 33ace70772..2df40bf65c 100644
--- a/src/go/GoBinaryProvider.ts
+++ b/src/go/GoBinaryProvider.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -40,7 +37,7 @@ import {
   BinaryFormatFailure,
   BinaryResourceFailure,
 } from "../native/metadata/BinaryContainer.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 
 /** Bundled format reader identity; embedded compiler versions are separate observed facts. */
 export const GO_BINARY_PROVIDER_IDENTITY = {
@@ -150,19 +147,8 @@ const failureForPrimary = (
 
 const failureFor = (cause: unknown, path: string): AnalysisError => {
   const primary = failureForPrimary(artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause), path);
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined) {
-    // This inspect boundary acquires exactly one StableArtifactSnapshot before
-    // metadata decoding. Completion describes that read, not a decoded report.
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
-  }
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/apple/AppleIpsProvider.ts b/src/native/apple/AppleIpsProvider.ts
index 7db127b149..8fadd76561 100644
--- a/src/native/apple/AppleIpsProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/apple/AppleIpsProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { AppleIpsPort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/AppleIpsPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { AnalysisError } from "../../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
@@ -282,16 +279,8 @@ const appleIpsFailure = (
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/elf/ElfNotesProvider.ts b/src/native/elf/ElfNotesProvider.ts
index c755069b3c..663cd8dd20 100644
--- a/src/native/elf/ElfNotesProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/elf/ElfNotesProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -12,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { ElfNotesPort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/ElfNotesPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { ArtifactOperationError } from "../../domain/artifactOperationError.js";
@@ -244,16 +241,8 @@ const elfNotesFailure = (cause: unknown, input: InspectElfNotesInput) => {
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/elf/KernelModuleProvider.ts b/src/native/elf/KernelModuleProvider.ts
index 21d85b55d9..c0e6833c85 100644
--- a/src/native/elf/KernelModuleProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/elf/KernelModuleProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -12,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { KernelModulePort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/KernelModulePort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { ArtifactOperationError } from "../../domain/artifactOperationError.js";
@@ -239,16 +236,8 @@ const kernelModuleFailure = (
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/exports/NativeExportsProvider.ts b/src/native/exports/NativeExportsProvider.ts
index 6daef0dac6..bbd04773a8 100644
--- a/src/native/exports/NativeExportsProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/exports/NativeExportsProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { NativeExportsPort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/NativeExportsPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { AnalysisError } from "../../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
@@ -206,16 +203,8 @@ const nativeExportsFailure = (
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/pe/PeCertificatesProvider.ts b/src/native/pe/PeCertificatesProvider.ts
index 287daf6fe0..02571cce3d 100644
--- a/src/native/pe/PeCertificatesProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/pe/PeCertificatesProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -12,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { PeCertificatesPort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/PeCertificatesPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { ArtifactOperationError } from "../../domain/artifactOperationError.js";
@@ -196,16 +193,8 @@ const peCertificatesFailure = (
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/pe/PeImportsProvider.ts b/src/native/pe/PeImportsProvider.ts
index aa0e932b5a..bc8528a976 100644
--- a/src/native/pe/PeImportsProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/pe/PeImportsProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { PeImportsPort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/PeImportsPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { AnalysisError } from "../../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
@@ -249,16 +246,8 @@ const peImportsFailure = (
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/pe/PeLoadConfigProvider.ts b/src/native/pe/PeLoadConfigProvider.ts
index 055578bc9a..b88f93e7e1 100644
--- a/src/native/pe/PeLoadConfigProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/pe/PeLoadConfigProvider.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -16,7 +13,7 @@ import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorClean
 import type { PeLoadConfigPort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/PeLoadConfigPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { AnalysisError } from "../../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import {
   AnalysisAccessDeniedError,
   AnalysisArtifactChangedError,
@@ -226,19 +223,8 @@ const peLoadConfigFailure = (
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined) {
-    // This inspect boundary acquires exactly one StableArtifactSnapshot before
-    // parsing. Completion describes that read, not a decoded report.
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
-  }
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/native/pe/PeResourcesProvider.ts b/src/native/pe/PeResourcesProvider.ts
index b524ac7982..13dfaa6369 100644
--- a/src/native/pe/PeResourcesProvider.ts
+++ b/src/native/pe/PeResourcesProvider.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import { isSelectedRegularFileError } from "../../filesystem/RegularFile.js";
 import { fixedNativeAllowance } from "../../domain/native/nativeDeadlines.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  readStableArtifact,
-  completedStableArtifact,
-} from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import {
   artifactFilePrimaryFacts,
   type ArtifactFilePrimaryFacts,
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { PeResourcesPort } from "../../application/binaryDiagnostics/PeResourcesPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { ArtifactOperationError } from "../../domain/artifactOperationError.js";
@@ -216,16 +213,8 @@ const peResourcesFailure = (cause: unknown, input: InspectPeResourcesInput) => {
     artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause),
     input,
   );
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(
diff --git a/src/python/PythonPycProvider.ts b/src/python/PythonPycProvider.ts
index 461fc9e12a..56295d6fb8 100644
--- a/src/python/PythonPycProvider.ts
+++ b/src/python/PythonPycProvider.ts
@@ -6,13 +6,10 @@ import {
   bindArtifactFileCleanup,
 } from "../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
-import {
-  completedStableArtifact,
-  readStableArtifact,
-} from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
 import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 import { analysisErrorWithCleanupFailure } from "../domain/analysisErrorCleanup.js";
-import { fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema } from "../domain/fileSnapshotObservation.js";
+import { completedStableArtifactObservation } from "../artifacts/StableArtifactObservation.js";
 import type { PythonPycPort } from "../application/python/PythonPycPort.js";
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import { AnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
@@ -168,16 +165,8 @@ const failureForPrimary = (
 
 const failureFor = (cause: unknown, input: InspectPythonPycInput) => {
   const primary = failureForPrimary(artifactFilePrimaryFacts(cause), input);
-  const snapshot = completedStableArtifact(cause);
-  if (snapshot !== undefined)
-    primary.retainPartialObservation(
-      fileSnapshotPartialObservationSchema.parse({
-        kind: "file-snapshot-hash",
-        path: input.path,
-        sha256: snapshot.sha256,
-        bytes: snapshot.bytes.length,
-      }),
-    );
+  const observation = completedStableArtifactObservation(cause, input.path);
+  if (observation !== undefined) primary.retainPartialObservation(observation);
   if (!(cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure) || cause.cleanup === undefined)
     return primary;
   const cleanup = new ProviderCleanupError(