diff --git a/docs/electron-observation.md b/docs/electron-observation.md
index 945661ac28..de5ac0327b 100644
--- a/docs/electron-observation.md
+++ b/docs/electron-observation.md
@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ window-targeted renderer reload/crash actions, and synthetic `open-url` or
 WebContents identities, process metrics, and IPC channel and value-shape metadata.
 Payload values are not retained.
 
+`window_index` selects from Playwright's current Page list at the start of each action. REA resolves that Page to its corresponding BrowserWindow once; the action's `target` uses the BrowserWindow's capture-scoped `window_id`, matching the window inventory. Reordering either enumeration after selection does not retarget the action. Handle cleanup failures retain the completed action records and remain owned for provider cleanup retry.
+
 Run the real fixture verifier with an operator-provided Electron runtime:
 
 ```bash
diff --git a/scripts/verify-real-electron.mjs b/scripts/verify-real-electron.mjs
index 8f647e6495..45306de604 100644
--- a/scripts/verify-real-electron.mjs
+++ b/scripts/verify-real-electron.mjs
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ if (!result.ok) throw result.error;
 const capture = electronActiveObservationResultSchema.parse(
   result.value.normalized_result,
 );
+const crashAction = capture.actions.find(
+  ({ kind }) => kind === "renderer-crash",
+);
+const crashedWindow = capture.windows.find(
+  ({ window_id }) => window_id === crashAction?.target,
+);
 
 const output = {
   verifier_run: await completeVerifierRun(verifierRun),
@@ -83,6 +89,17 @@ const output = {
         kind === "renderer-crash" && window_index === 1,
     ) &&
     capture.windows.length >= 2 &&
+    capture.actions
+      .filter(({ target }) => target !== null)
+      .every(({ target }) =>
+        capture.windows.some(({ window_id }) => window_id === target),
+      ) &&
+    crashedWindow !== undefined &&
+    capture.timeline.events.some(
+      ({ event, target }) =>
+        event === "render-process-gone" &&
+        target === crashedWindow.web_contents_id,
+    ) &&
     capture.ipc.events.some(
       ({ kind, channel }) =>
         kind === "main-handler-invocation" && channel === "readiness:echo",
diff --git a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.test.ts b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.test.ts
index d07db0c9ff..c1265edf4c 100644
--- a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.test.ts
+++ b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // `npm run verify:electron`.
 import { afterEach, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import type { ElectronApplication } from "playwright-core";
+import { ArtifactResourceScope } from "../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
 
 import {
   electronActiveObservationInputSchema,
@@ -14,6 +15,12 @@ import {
   runWithExecutionLimits,
 } from "./PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.js";
 
+const fixtureBrowserWindow = async () => ({
+  evaluate: async (read: (window: { id: number }) => unknown) =>
+    read({ id: 42 }),
+  dispose: async () => {},
+});
+
 afterEach(() => {
   vi.useRealTimers();
 });
@@ -166,9 +173,15 @@ it("preserves local Playwright action diagnostics", async () => {
   };
   const application = {
     windows: () => [page],
+    browserWindow: fixtureBrowserWindow,
   };
 
-  const result = await runElectronActions(application as never, input, {});
+  const { actions: result } = await runElectronActions(
+    application as never,
+    input,
+    {},
+    new ArtifactResourceScope(),
+  );
 
   expect(result[0]).toMatchObject({
     status: "failed",
@@ -191,10 +204,11 @@ it("retains complete action errors and Electron window text", async () => {
       click: async () => Promise.reject(new Error(longError)),
     }),
   };
-  const actions = await runElectronActions(
-    { windows: () => [page] } as never,
+  const { actions } = await runElectronActions(
+    { windows: () => [page], browserWindow: fixtureBrowserWindow } as never,
     input,
     {},
+    new ArtifactResourceScope(),
   );
   const result = createElectronActiveObservationFixtureResult("/opt/app");
   const longUrl = `file://${"/segment".repeat(10_000)}`;
@@ -322,7 +336,12 @@ it("runs an untargeted deep-link without requiring a BrowserWindow", async () =>
     evaluate: async () => true,
   };
 
-  const result = await runElectronActions(application as never, input, {});
+  const { actions: result } = await runElectronActions(
+    application as never,
+    input,
+    {},
+    new ArtifactResourceScope(),
+  );
 
   expect(result).toMatchObject([
     {
@@ -348,10 +367,16 @@ it("honors caller-selected Electron waits beyond the former action timeout", asy
   };
   const application = {
     windows: () => [page],
+    browserWindow: fixtureBrowserWindow,
     firstWindow: async () => page,
   };
 
-  const result = await runElectronActions(application as never, input, {});
+  const { actions: result } = await runElectronActions(
+    application as never,
+    input,
+    {},
+    new ArtifactResourceScope(),
+  );
 
   expect(result[0]).toMatchObject({ status: "completed" });
   expect(duration).toBe(60_000);
@@ -386,7 +411,7 @@ it("cancels a wait without window_index while the app has no window", async () =
     }),
   } as unknown as ElectronApplication;
 
-  const actions = await runElectronActions(
+  const { actions } = await runElectronActions(
     application,
     electronActiveObservationInputSchema.parse({
       executable_path: "/opt/electron",
@@ -395,6 +420,7 @@ it("cancels a wait without window_index while the app has no window", async () =
       actions: [{ step_id: "settle", kind: "wait", duration_ms: 10 }],
     }),
     { signal: controller.signal },
+    new ArtifactResourceScope(),
   );
 
   expect(actions).toEqual([
@@ -423,8 +449,11 @@ it("records actions after a cancelled action as not executed", async () => {
     reload,
   };
 
-  const actions = await runElectronActions(
-    { windows: () => [page] } as unknown as ElectronApplication,
+  const { actions } = await runElectronActions(
+    {
+      windows: () => [page],
+      browserWindow: fixtureBrowserWindow,
+    } as unknown as ElectronApplication,
     electronActiveObservationInputSchema.parse({
       executable_path: "/opt/electron",
       application_path: "/opt/app/main.js",
@@ -435,6 +464,7 @@ it("records actions after a cancelled action as not executed", async () => {
       ],
     }),
     { signal: controller.signal },
+    new ArtifactResourceScope(),
   );
 
   expect(reload).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -593,3 +623,68 @@ it("observes an operation abandoned by an already-cancelled signal", async () =>
     process.off("unhandledRejection", recordUnhandled);
   }
 });
+
+it.each(["click", "renderer-crash"] as const)(
+  "keeps the selected Page's native identity and completed %s through handle cleanup failure",
+  async (kind) => {
+    const selectedEffect = vi.fn();
+    const page = {
+      locator: () => ({
+        click: async () => {
+          selectedEffect();
+        },
+      }),
+    };
+    const other = {};
+    const pages = [other, page];
+    const dispose = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("handle disposal failed"))
+      .mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    const nativeWindow = {
+      id: 99,
+      isDestroyed: () => false,
+      webContents: { forcefullyCrashRenderer: selectedEffect },
+    };
+    const browserWindow = vi.fn(async (selected: unknown) => {
+      expect(selected).toBe(page);
+      pages.reverse();
+      return {
+        evaluate: async (read: (window: typeof nativeWindow) => unknown) =>
+          read(nativeWindow),
+        dispose,
+      };
+    });
+    const resources = new ArtifactResourceScope();
+    const outcome = await runElectronActions(
+      { windows: () => pages, browserWindow } as unknown as ElectronApplication,
+      electronActiveObservationInputSchema.parse({
+        executable_path: "/opt/electron",
+        application_path: "/opt/app/main.js",
+        application_root: "/opt/app",
+        actions: [
+          {
+            step_id: "selected",
+            kind,
+            window_index: 1,
+            ...(kind === "click" ? { selector: "#selected" } : {}),
+          },
+          { step_id: "later", kind: "renderer-reload", window_index: 0 },
+        ],
+      }),
+      {},
+      resources,
+    );
+    expect(selectedEffect).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(browserWindow).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(outcome.actions).toMatchObject([
+      { target: "window:99", status: "completed" },
+      { target: null, status: "cancelled" },
+    ]);
+    expect(outcome.cleanupError?.cleanupIncomplete).toBe(true);
+    expect(resources.hasPending).toBe(true);
+    await resources.close();
+    expect(dispose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(outcome.cleanupError?.cleanupIncomplete).toBe(false);
+  },
+);
diff --git a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.ts b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.ts
index 32c2af5fb9..ef89959320 100644
--- a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.ts
+++ b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveActions.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
-import type { ElectronApplication, Page } from "playwright-core";
+import type { ElectronApplication, JSHandle, Page } from "playwright-core";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
 import type { ExecutionOptions } from "../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
+import type {
+  ArtifactResourceScope,
+  ArtifactResourceOwner,
+} from "../artifacts/ArtifactResourceScope.js";
+import { ProviderCleanupError } from "../domain/providerCleanupError.js";
+import type { AnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import { BrowserObservationError } from "../domain/browserObservationError.js";
 import {
   electronActiveTimelineEventSchema,
@@ -41,6 +47,11 @@ const hookSnapshotSchema = z.strictObject({
 
 type ElectronAction = ElectronActiveObservationInput["actions"][number];
 type ElectronActions = ElectronActiveObservationResult["actions"];
+type SelectedElectronWindow = JSHandle<{
+  readonly id: number;
+  isDestroyed(): boolean;
+  readonly webContents: { forcefullyCrashRenderer(): void };
+}>;
 
 export type ElectronHookSnapshot = z.infer<typeof hookSnapshotSchema>;
 export type ElectronHookEvent = z.infer<
@@ -63,8 +74,13 @@ export const runElectronActions = async (
   application: ElectronApplication,
   input: ElectronActiveObservationInput,
   options: ExecutionOptions,
-): Promise<ElectronActions> => {
+  resources: ArtifactResourceScope,
+): Promise<{
+  readonly actions: ElectronActions;
+  readonly cleanupError?: AnalysisError;
+}> => {
   const actions: ElectronActions = [];
+  let cleanupError: AnalysisError | undefined;
   let stoppedBy: ScenarioActionStop | undefined;
   for (const action of input.actions) {
     const actionStartedAt = performance.now();
@@ -82,6 +98,9 @@ export const runElectronActions = async (
       continue;
     }
     let selectedWindow: Page | undefined;
+    let selectedHandle: SelectedElectronWindow | undefined;
+    let handleOwner: ArtifactResourceOwner | undefined;
+    let target: string | null = null;
     try {
       if (options.signal?.aborted === true)
         throw new BrowserObservationError(OPERATION, "cancelled");
@@ -93,26 +112,35 @@ export const runElectronActions = async (
               windowIndex,
               signal: options.signal,
             });
-      if (
-        (action.kind === "click" ||
-          action.kind === "renderer-reload" ||
-          action.kind === "renderer-crash") &&
-        selectedWindow === undefined
-      )
-        throw new BrowserObservationError(OPERATION, "window_not_found");
+      if (selectedWindow !== undefined) {
+        const handle = await application.browserWindow(selectedWindow);
+        selectedHandle = handle;
+        handleOwner = {
+          kind: "lease",
+          resource: "selected Electron BrowserWindow handle",
+          lease: { release: () => handle.dispose() },
+        };
+        resources.retain(handleOwner);
+        const id = z
+          .int()
+          .safe()
+          .nonnegative()
+          .parse(await selectedHandle.evaluate((window) => window.id));
+        target = `window:${String(id)}`;
+      }
 
       await runAction({
         application,
         action,
         selectedWindow,
+        selectedHandle,
         options,
       });
       actions.push({
         step_id: action.step_id,
         kind: action.kind,
         window_index: windowIndex,
-        target:
-          selectedWindow === undefined ? null : `window:${String(windowIndex)}`,
+        target,
         status: "completed",
         elapsed_ms: Math.max(
           0,
@@ -126,8 +154,7 @@ export const runElectronActions = async (
         step_id: action.step_id,
         kind: action.kind,
         window_index: windowIndex,
-        target:
-          selectedWindow === undefined ? null : `window:${String(windowIndex)}`,
+        target,
         status: stoppedBy,
         elapsed_ms: Math.max(
           0,
@@ -136,14 +163,38 @@ export const runElectronActions = async (
         error: safeActionErrorMessage(cause),
       });
     }
+    if (handleOwner !== undefined) {
+      cleanupError = await releaseActionWindow(resources, handleOwner);
+      if (cleanupError !== undefined) stoppedBy = "failed";
+    }
   }
-  return actions;
+  return { actions, ...(cleanupError === undefined ? {} : { cleanupError }) };
+};
+
+const releaseActionWindow = async (
+  resources: ArtifactResourceScope,
+  owner: ArtifactResourceOwner,
+): Promise<AnalysisError | undefined> => {
+  const released = await resources.release(owner);
+  if (released.kind === "released") return undefined;
+  const error = new ProviderCleanupError(
+    "playwright-electron-active",
+    released.lease.cleanupResources ?? [owner.resource],
+    {
+      reason: safeActionErrorMessage(released.cause),
+    },
+    { cause: released.cause, operation: OPERATION },
+  );
+  error.bindCleanupResourceOwner(released.lease);
+  released.lease.bindCleanupError(error);
+  return error;
 };
 
 type RunActionContext = {
   readonly application: ElectronApplication;
   readonly action: ElectronAction;
   readonly selectedWindow: Page | undefined;
+  readonly selectedHandle: SelectedElectronWindow | undefined;
   readonly options: ExecutionOptions;
 };
 
@@ -151,6 +202,7 @@ const runAction = async ({
   application,
   action,
   selectedWindow,
+  selectedHandle,
   options,
 }: RunActionContext): Promise<void> => {
   switch (action.kind) {
@@ -190,13 +242,14 @@ const runAction = async ({
       );
       return;
     case "renderer-crash": {
+      if (selectedHandle === undefined)
+        throw new BrowserObservationError(OPERATION, "window_not_found");
       const crashed = await runWithExecutionLimits(
-        application.evaluate(({ BrowserWindow }, index) => {
-          const candidate = BrowserWindow.getAllWindows()[index];
-          if (candidate === undefined || candidate.isDestroyed()) return false;
-          candidate.webContents.forcefullyCrashRenderer();
+        selectedHandle.evaluate((window) => {
+          if (window.isDestroyed()) return false;
+          window.webContents.forcefullyCrashRenderer();
           return true;
-        }, action.window_index),
+        }),
         options.signal,
       );
       if (!crashed)
diff --git a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.test.ts b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.test.ts
index 82ee0dad9c..8fa445f387 100644
--- a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.test.ts
+++ b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.test.ts
@@ -511,6 +511,11 @@ it("records actions after a failed action as not executed and keeps the capture"
     process: () => ({ pid: 424242 }),
     close: vi.fn(async () => undefined),
     windows: () => [page],
+    browserWindow: async () => ({
+      evaluate: async (read: (window: { id: number }) => unknown) =>
+        read({ id: 42 }),
+      dispose: async () => {},
+    }),
     firstWindow: async () => page,
   };
 
@@ -538,7 +543,7 @@ it("records actions after a failed action as not executed and keeps the capture"
       step_id: "fail",
       kind: "click",
       window_index: 0,
-      target: "window:0",
+      target: "window:42",
       status: "failed",
       elapsed_ms: expect.any(Number),
       error: "strict mode violation",
@@ -859,7 +864,7 @@ it.each(["process", "transport"] as const)(
     vi.spyOn(electronActions, "runElectronActions").mockImplementation(
       async () => {
         controller.abort(reason);
-        return [];
+        return { actions: [] };
       },
     );
     if (failure === "process") {
diff --git a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.ts b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.ts
index 70c8b6f63f..79bb49a3a9 100644
--- a/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.ts
+++ b/src/browser/PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider.ts
@@ -192,7 +192,15 @@ export class PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider implements ElectronActiveObservati
         options.signal,
         startupDeadline,
       );
-      actions = await runElectronActions(application, input, options);
+      const actionOutcome = await runElectronActions(
+        application,
+        input,
+        options,
+        this.#resources,
+      );
+      actions = actionOutcome.actions;
+      if (actionOutcome.cleanupError !== undefined)
+        throw actionOutcome.cleanupError;
       const state = await readFinalApplicationState(
         application,
         options.signal,
@@ -218,9 +226,14 @@ export class PlaywrightElectronActiveProvider implements ElectronActiveObservati
           ],
         };
       }
-      if (cause instanceof AnalysisError && cause.cleanupIncomplete)
+      if (cause instanceof AnalysisError && cause.cleanupIncomplete) {
+        if (capture !== undefined)
+          cause.retainPartialObservation({
+            kind: "electron-active-observation",
+            capture,
+          });
         outcome = err(cause);
-      else if (options.signal?.aborted === true)
+      } else if (options.signal?.aborted === true)
         outcome = err(
           new BrowserObservationError(OPERATION, "cancelled", {
             ...cancellationCause(cause, options.signal),