diff --git a/src/kuna/KunaProjectReader.ts b/src/kuna/KunaProjectReader.ts
index d4608b11f2..6b534ef6e0 100644
--- a/src/kuna/KunaProjectReader.ts
+++ b/src/kuna/KunaProjectReader.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { join } from "node:path";
 
 import type { AnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import {
-  AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError,
   AnalysisCancelledError,
   AnalysisResourceConstraintError,
 } from "../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ import {
 } from "./KunaProjectFiles.js";
 import { KUNA_PROVIDER_ID } from "./KunaRelease.js";
 import { KUNA_FUNCTION_TEXT_BYTES } from "./KunaLimits.js";
+import { kunaUnavailable } from "./KunaUnavailable.js";
 
 /** The exact producing range for one facet, including a failed C block. */
 export interface KunaProjectFileSpan {
@@ -134,8 +134,7 @@ export class KunaProjectReader {
     const span = index.value.code.get(address);
     if (span === undefined)
       return err(
-        new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
-          KUNA_PROVIDER_ID,
+        kunaUnavailable(
           operation,
           `Kuna's export lists no code at ${address}; import slots and data entries have no listing.`,
         ),
diff --git a/src/kuna/KunaProvider.ts b/src/kuna/KunaProvider.ts
index ac5c0bc5f8..c2a103431a 100644
--- a/src/kuna/KunaProvider.ts
+++ b/src/kuna/KunaProvider.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,7 @@ import type {
   ProviderAvailability,
   ProviderTargetSupport,
 } from "../application/AnalysisProvider.js";
-import {
-  AnalysisCancelledError,
-  AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError,
-} from "../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
+import { AnalysisCancelledError } from "../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
 import {
   createAnalysisProfile,
   type AnalysisProfileCommitment,
@@ -33,6 +30,7 @@ import {
 import { KUNA_COMMAND_REMEDIATION, KUNA_PROVIDER_ID } from "./KunaRelease.js";
 import { KunaRunSlots } from "./KunaRunSlots.js";
 import { KunaSessionClient } from "./KunaSessionClient.js";
+import { kunaUnavailable } from "./KunaUnavailable.js";
 
 /** Architectures REA verified Kuna on: x86-64 and AArch64 ELF and Mach-O, plus ARM Thumb. */
 const VERIFIED_ARCHITECTURES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
@@ -169,14 +167,7 @@ export class KunaProvider implements AnalysisProviderCandidate {
       ...(options?.signal === undefined ? {} : { signal: options.signal }),
     });
     if (!installation.ok)
-      return err(
-        new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
-          KUNA_PROVIDER_ID,
-          "open_binary",
-          installation.error.reason,
-          { userMessage: installation.error.reason },
-        ),
-      );
+      return err(kunaUnavailable("open_binary", installation.error.reason));
     const { value } = installation;
     return ok({
       profile: createAnalysisProfile(
@@ -218,13 +209,7 @@ export class KunaProvider implements AnalysisProviderCandidate {
     if (!configuration.ok)
       return {
         execute: async (operation) =>
-          err(
-            new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
-              KUNA_PROVIDER_ID,
-              operation,
-              configuration.error.reason,
-            ),
-          ),
+          err(kunaUnavailable(operation, configuration.error.reason)),
         close: async () => ok(null),
       };
     return new KunaSessionClient(target, profile, {
diff --git a/src/kuna/KunaReferenceQueries.ts b/src/kuna/KunaReferenceQueries.ts
index ffc8b45b4d..44256f705e 100644
--- a/src/kuna/KunaReferenceQueries.ts
+++ b/src/kuna/KunaReferenceQueries.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import type { AnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import {
   AnalysisCancelledError,
-  AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError,
   AnalysisResourceConstraintError,
 } from "../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
 import type { JsonValue } from "../domain/jsonValue.js";
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ import {
 } from "./KunaReferenceFiles.js";
 import { KUNA_PROVIDER_ID } from "./KunaRelease.js";
 import type { KunaPendingQuery, KunaQueryWork } from "./KunaQueryWork.js";
+import { kunaUnavailable } from "./KunaUnavailable.js";
 
 /** Charge raw JSON bytes conservatively; retained projections are smaller. */
 const XREF_CACHE_BYTES = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -158,8 +158,7 @@ export class KunaReferenceQueries {
     const node = graph.nodes.get(address);
     if (node === undefined)
       return err(
-        new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
-          KUNA_PROVIDER_ID,
+        kunaUnavailable(
           operation,
           `Kuna's graph has no function node at ${address}; its relationships are unknown.`,
         ),
diff --git a/src/kuna/KunaSessionClient.ts b/src/kuna/KunaSessionClient.ts
index 07254050a2..e8a44a7627 100644
--- a/src/kuna/KunaSessionClient.ts
+++ b/src/kuna/KunaSessionClient.ts
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ import {
   KunaProjectReader,
   type KunaProjectFileSpan,
 } from "./KunaProjectReader.js";
+import { kunaUnavailable } from "./KunaUnavailable.js";
 
 /** How often a request waiting on the project export reports that it still waits. */
 const WAIT_PROGRESS_INTERVAL_MS = 10_000;
@@ -278,13 +279,7 @@ export class KunaSessionClient implements AnalysisClient {
     options: ExecutionOptions = {},
   ): Promise<Result<AnalysisExecution, AnalysisError>> {
     if (this.#closing)
-      return err(
-        new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
-          KUNA_PROVIDER_ID,
-          operation,
-          "This Kuna session is closed.",
-        ),
-      );
+      return err(kunaUnavailable(operation, "This Kuna session is closed."));
     return this.#own(
       this.#execute(operation, parameters, {
         ...options,
@@ -312,8 +307,7 @@ export class KunaSessionClient implements AnalysisClient {
       return err(new AnalysisCancelledError(operation));
     if (operation !== "health" && !isKunaOperation(operation))
       return err(
-        new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
-          KUNA_PROVIDER_ID,
+        kunaUnavailable(
           operation,
           "Kuna answers procedure and string queries, pseudocode, assembly and references; this operation needs another provider.",
         ),
@@ -1229,14 +1223,7 @@ export class KunaSessionClient implements AnalysisClient {
     this.#installation ??= inspectKunaInstallation(this.#environment).then(
       (inspected): Result<KunaInstallation, AnalysisError> => {
         if (!inspected.ok)
-          return err(
-            new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
-              KUNA_PROVIDER_ID,
-              "health",
-              inspected.error.reason,
-              { userMessage: inspected.error.reason },
-            ),
-          );
+          return err(kunaUnavailable("health", inspected.error.reason));
         const committed = this.#profile?.parameters["kuna_sha256"];
         if (committed !== undefined && committed !== inspected.value.sha256)
           return err(
diff --git a/src/kuna/KunaUnavailable.ts b/src/kuna/KunaUnavailable.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..514c7c486c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/kuna/KunaUnavailable.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError } from "../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
+import type { AnalysisErrorOptions } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
+import { KUNA_PROVIDER_ID } from "./KunaRelease.js";
+
+/**
+ * A Kuna capability gap whose reason is what the caller needs to read. Without
+ * a user message the projection shows only "choose another analysis or
+ * target", which hides facts such as "no code at this address".
+ */
+export const kunaUnavailable = (
+  operation: string,
+  reason: string,
+  options: AnalysisErrorOptions = {},
+): AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError =>
+  new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(KUNA_PROVIDER_ID, operation, reason, {
+    ...options,
+    userMessage: reason,
+  });
diff --git a/tests/boundary/providers/kuna/kunaCommandFailures.test.ts b/tests/boundary/providers/kuna/kunaCommandFailures.test.ts
index 30aec2b7a1..426f18eb8a 100644
--- a/tests/boundary/providers/kuna/kunaCommandFailures.test.ts
+++ b/tests/boundary/providers/kuna/kunaCommandFailures.test.ts
@@ -80,3 +80,41 @@ it("reports a graph beyond REA's buffer once per session instead of rebuilding i
     expect(await client.close()).toEqual({ ok: true, value: null });
   }
 });
+
+it("says why Kuna cannot answer instead of a generic unavailable message", async () => {
+  const { open } = await session("rea-kuna-unavailable-reasons-");
+  const client = open();
+  try {
+    const cases = [
+      {
+        operation: "procedure_assembly",
+        parameters: { procedure: "0x2000" },
+        message:
+          "Kuna's export lists no code at 0x2000; import slots and data entries have no listing.",
+      },
+      {
+        operation: "procedure_callers",
+        parameters: { procedure: "0x1004" },
+        message:
+          "Kuna's graph has no function node at 0x1004; its relationships are unknown.",
+      },
+      {
+        operation: "list_segments",
+        parameters: {},
+        message:
+          "Kuna answers procedure and string queries, pseudocode, assembly and references; this operation needs another provider.",
+      },
+    ] as const;
+    for (const { operation, parameters, message } of cases) {
+      const result = await client.execute(operation, parameters);
+      if (result.ok) throw new Error(`${operation} unexpectedly succeeded`);
+      expect(projectAnalysisError(result.error)).toMatchObject({
+        code: "capability_unavailable",
+        message,
+        retryable: false,
+      });
+    }
+  } finally {
+    expect(await client.close()).toEqual({ ok: true, value: null });
+  }
+});