diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2be3ee698..7532adaf0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -45,6 +45,20 @@ tidal-drum-machines
 webaudiofontdata
 src-tauri/target
 
+
+
+### BEGIN Visual Studio Code ###
+# Blanket, recursive exclude for .vscode directory and files
+.vscode/**/*
+# Unexclude specific files and directories within .vscode
+!.vscode/settings.json
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+!.vscode/launch.json
+!.vscode/extensions.json
+### END Visual Studio Code ###
+
+
+
 # BEGIN JetBrains -> END JetBrains
 
 # for JetBrains IDE users, e.g. WebStorm. Source: https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
diff --git a/packages/codemirror/autocomplete.mjs b/packages/codemirror/autocomplete.mjs
index 69aa3bc59..b8a569bea 100644
--- a/packages/codemirror/autocomplete.mjs
+++ b/packages/codemirror/autocomplete.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import jsdoc from '../../doc.json';
 import { autocompletion } from '@codemirror/autocomplete';
 import { h } from './html';
+import { Scale } from '@tonaljs/tonal';
+import { soundMap } from 'superdough';
+import { complex } from '@strudel/tonal';
 
 const escapeHtml = (str) => {
   const div = document.createElement('div');
@@ -75,6 +78,51 @@ const isValidDoc = (doc) => {
 const hasExcludedTags = (doc) =>
   ['superdirtOnly', 'noAutocomplete'].some((tag) => doc.tags?.find((t) => t.originalTitle === tag));
 
+export function bankCompletions() {
+  const soundDict = soundMap.get();
+  const banks = new Set();
+  for (const key of Object.keys(soundDict)) {
+    const [bank, suffix] = key.split('_');
+    if (suffix && bank) banks.add(bank);
+  }
+  return Array.from(banks)
+    .sort()
+    .map((name) => ({ label: name, type: 'bank' }));
+}
+
+// Attempt to get all scale names from Tonal
+let scaleCompletions = [];
+try {
+  scaleCompletions = (Scale.names ? Scale.names() : []).map((name) => ({ label: name, type: 'scale' }));
+} catch (e) {
+  console.warn('[autocomplete] Could not load scale names from Tonal:', e);
+}
+
+// Valid mode values for voicing
+const modeCompletions = [
+  { label: 'below', type: 'mode' },
+  { label: 'above', type: 'mode' },
+  { label: 'duck', type: 'mode' },
+  { label: 'root', type: 'mode' },
+];
+
+// Valid chord symbols from ireal dictionary plus empty string for major triads
+const chordSymbols = ['', ...Object.keys(complex)].sort();
+const chordSymbolCompletions = chordSymbols.map((symbol) => {
+  if (symbol === '') {
+    return {
+      label: 'major',
+      apply: '',
+      type: 'chord-symbol',
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    label: symbol,
+    apply: symbol,
+    type: 'chord-symbol',
+  };
+});
+
 export const getSynonymDoc = (doc, synonym) => {
   const synonyms = doc.synonyms || [];
   const docLabel = getDocLabel(doc);
@@ -113,19 +161,299 @@ const jsdocCompletions = (() => {
   return completions;
 })();
 
-export const strudelAutocomplete = (context) => {
-  const word = context.matchBefore(/\w*/);
-  if (word.from === word.to && !context.explicit) return null;
+// --- Handler functions for each context ---
+const pitchNames = [
+  'C',
+  'C#',
+  'Db',
+  'D',
+  'D#',
+  'Eb',
+  'E',
+  'E#',
+  'Fb',
+  'F',
+  'F#',
+  'Gb',
+  'G',
+  'G#',
+  'Ab',
+  'A',
+  'A#',
+  'Bb',
+  'B',
+  'B#',
+  'Cb',
+];
 
+// Cached regex patterns for scaleHandler
+const SCALE_NO_QUOTES_REGEX = /scale\(\s*$/;
+const SCALE_AFTER_COLON_REGEX = /scale\(\s*['"][^'"]*:[^'"]*$/;
+const SCALE_PRE_COLON_REGEX = /scale\(\s*['"][^'"]*$/;
+const SCALE_PITCH_MATCH_REGEX = /([A-Ga-g][#b]*)?$/;
+const SCALE_SPACES_TO_COLON_REGEX = /\s+/g;
+
+function scaleHandler(context) {
+  // First check for scale context without quotes - block with empty completions
+  let scaleNoQuotesContext = context.matchBefore(SCALE_NO_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (scaleNoQuotesContext) {
+    return {
+      from: scaleNoQuotesContext.to,
+      options: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Check for after-colon context first (more specific)
+  let scaleAfterColonContext = context.matchBefore(SCALE_AFTER_COLON_REGEX);
+  if (scaleAfterColonContext) {
+    const text = scaleAfterColonContext.text;
+    const colonIdx = text.lastIndexOf(':');
+    if (colonIdx !== -1) {
+      const fragment = text.slice(colonIdx + 1);
+      const filteredScales = scaleCompletions.filter((s) => s.label.startsWith(fragment));
+      const options = filteredScales.map((s) => ({
+        ...s,
+        apply: s.label.replace(SCALE_SPACES_TO_COLON_REGEX, ':'),
+      }));
+      const from = scaleAfterColonContext.from + colonIdx + 1;
+      return {
+        from,
+        options,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Then check for pre-colon context
+  let scalePreColonContext = context.matchBefore(SCALE_PRE_COLON_REGEX);
+  if (scalePreColonContext) {
+    if (!scalePreColonContext.text.includes(':')) {
+      if (context.explicit) {
+        const text = scalePreColonContext.text;
+        const match = text.match(SCALE_PITCH_MATCH_REGEX);
+        const fragment = match ? match[0] : '';
+        const filtered = pitchNames.filter((p) => p.toLowerCase().startsWith(fragment.toLowerCase()));
+        const from = scalePreColonContext.to - fragment.length;
+        const options = filtered.map((p) => ({ label: p, type: 'pitch' }));
+        return { from, options };
+      } else {
+        return { from: scalePreColonContext.to, options: [] };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// Cached regex patterns for soundHandler
+const SOUND_NO_QUOTES_REGEX = /(s|sound)\(\s*$/;
+const SOUND_WITH_QUOTES_REGEX = /(s|sound)\(\s*['"][^'"]*$/;
+const SOUND_FRAGMENT_MATCH_REGEX = /(?:[\s[{(<])([\w]*)$/;
+
+function soundHandler(context) {
+  // First check for sound context without quotes - block with empty completions
+  let soundNoQuotesContext = context.matchBefore(SOUND_NO_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (soundNoQuotesContext) {
+    return {
+      from: soundNoQuotesContext.to,
+      options: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Then check for sound context with quotes - provide completions
+  let soundContext = context.matchBefore(SOUND_WITH_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (!soundContext) return null;
+
+  const text = soundContext.text;
+  const quoteIdx = Math.max(text.lastIndexOf('"'), text.lastIndexOf("'"));
+  if (quoteIdx === -1) return null;
+  const inside = text.slice(quoteIdx + 1);
+  const fragMatch = inside.match(SOUND_FRAGMENT_MATCH_REGEX);
+  const fragment = fragMatch ? fragMatch[1] : inside;
+  const soundNames = Object.keys(soundMap.get()).sort();
+  const filteredSounds = soundNames.filter((name) => name.includes(fragment));
+  let options = filteredSounds.map((name) => ({ label: name, type: 'sound' }));
+  const from = soundContext.to - fragment.length;
   return {
-    from: word.from,
-    options: jsdocCompletions,
-    /*     options: [
-      { label: 'match', type: 'keyword' },
-      { label: 'hello', type: 'variable', info: '(World)' },
-      { label: 'magic', type: 'text', apply: '⠁⭒*.✩.*⭒⠁', detail: 'macro' },
-    ], */
+    from,
+    options,
   };
+}
+
+// Cached regex patterns for bankHandler
+const BANK_NO_QUOTES_REGEX = /bank\(\s*$/;
+const BANK_WITH_QUOTES_REGEX = /bank\(\s*['"][^'"]*$/;
+
+function bankHandler(context) {
+  // First check for bank context without quotes - block with empty completions
+  let bankNoQuotesContext = context.matchBefore(BANK_NO_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (bankNoQuotesContext) {
+    return {
+      from: bankNoQuotesContext.to,
+      options: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Then check for bank context with quotes - provide completions
+  let bankMatch = context.matchBefore(BANK_WITH_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (!bankMatch) return null;
+
+  const text = bankMatch.text;
+  const quoteIdx = Math.max(text.lastIndexOf('"'), text.lastIndexOf("'"));
+  if (quoteIdx === -1) return null;
+  const inside = text.slice(quoteIdx + 1);
+  const fragment = inside;
+  let banks = bankCompletions();
+  const filteredBanks = banks.filter((b) => b.label.startsWith(fragment));
+  const from = bankMatch.to - fragment.length;
+  return {
+    from,
+    options: filteredBanks,
+  };
+}
+
+// Cached regex patterns for modeHandler
+const MODE_NO_QUOTES_REGEX = /mode\(\s*$/;
+const MODE_AFTER_COLON_REGEX = /mode\(\s*['"][^'"]*:[^'"]*$/;
+const MODE_PRE_COLON_REGEX = /mode\(\s*['"][^'"]*$/;
+const MODE_FRAGMENT_MATCH_REGEX = /(?:[\s[{(<])([\w:]*)$/;
+
+function modeHandler(context) {
+  // First check for mode context without quotes - block with empty completions
+  let modeNoQuotesContext = context.matchBefore(MODE_NO_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (modeNoQuotesContext) {
+    return {
+      from: modeNoQuotesContext.to,
+      options: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Check for after-colon context first (more specific)
+  let modeAfterColonContext = context.matchBefore(MODE_AFTER_COLON_REGEX);
+  if (modeAfterColonContext) {
+    const text = modeAfterColonContext.text;
+    const colonIdx = text.lastIndexOf(':');
+    if (colonIdx !== -1) {
+      const fragment = text.slice(colonIdx + 1);
+      // For anchor after colon, we can suggest pitch names
+      const filtered = pitchNames.filter((p) => p.toLowerCase().startsWith(fragment.toLowerCase()));
+      const options = filtered.map((p) => ({ label: p, type: 'pitch' }));
+      const from = modeAfterColonContext.from + colonIdx + 1;
+      return {
+        from,
+        options,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Then check for pre-colon context
+  let modeContext = context.matchBefore(MODE_PRE_COLON_REGEX);
+  if (!modeContext) return null;
+
+  const text = modeContext.text;
+  const quoteIdx = Math.max(text.lastIndexOf('"'), text.lastIndexOf("'"));
+  if (quoteIdx === -1) return null;
+  const inside = text.slice(quoteIdx + 1);
+  const fragMatch = inside.match(MODE_FRAGMENT_MATCH_REGEX);
+  const fragment = fragMatch ? fragMatch[1] : inside;
+  const filteredModes = modeCompletions.filter((m) => m.label.startsWith(fragment));
+  const from = modeContext.to - fragment.length;
+  return {
+    from,
+    options: filteredModes,
+  };
+}
+
+// Cached regex patterns for chordHandler
+const CHORD_NO_QUOTES_REGEX = /chord\(\s*$/;
+const CHORD_WITH_QUOTES_REGEX = /chord\(\s*['"][^'"]*$/;
+const CHORD_FRAGMENT_MATCH_REGEX = /(?:[\s[{(<])([\w#b+^:-]*)$/;
+
+function chordHandler(context) {
+  // First check for chord context without quotes - block with empty completions
+  let chordNoQuotesContext = context.matchBefore(CHORD_NO_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (chordNoQuotesContext) {
+    return {
+      from: chordNoQuotesContext.to,
+      options: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Then check for chord context with quotes - provide completions
+  let chordContext = context.matchBefore(CHORD_WITH_QUOTES_REGEX);
+  if (!chordContext) return null;
+
+  const text = chordContext.text;
+  const quoteIdx = Math.max(text.lastIndexOf('"'), text.lastIndexOf("'"));
+  if (quoteIdx === -1) return null;
+  const inside = text.slice(quoteIdx + 1);
+
+  // Use same fragment matching as sound/mode for expressions like "<G Am>"
+  const fragMatch = inside.match(CHORD_FRAGMENT_MATCH_REGEX);
+  const fragment = fragMatch ? fragMatch[1] : inside;
+
+  // Check if fragment contains any pitch name at start (for root + symbol)
+  let rootMatch = null;
+  let symbolFragment = fragment;
+  for (const pitch of pitchNames) {
+    if (fragment.toLowerCase().startsWith(pitch.toLowerCase())) {
+      rootMatch = pitch;
+      symbolFragment = fragment.slice(pitch.length);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (rootMatch) {
+    // We have a root, now complete chord symbols
+    const filteredSymbols = chordSymbolCompletions.filter((s) =>
+      s.label.toLowerCase().startsWith(symbolFragment.toLowerCase()),
+    );
+
+    // Create completions that replace the entire chord, not just the symbol part
+    const options = filteredSymbols;
+
+    const from = chordContext.to - symbolFragment.length;
+    return { from, options };
+  } else {
+    // No root yet, complete with pitch names
+    const filteredPitches = pitchNames.filter((p) => p.toLowerCase().startsWith(fragment.toLowerCase()));
+    const options = filteredPitches.map((p) => ({ label: p, type: 'pitch' }));
+    const from = chordContext.to - fragment.length;
+    return { from, options };
+  }
+}
+
+// Cached regex patterns for fallbackHandler
+const FALLBACK_WORD_REGEX = /\w*/;
+
+function fallbackHandler(context) {
+  const word = context.matchBefore(FALLBACK_WORD_REGEX);
+  if (word && word.from === word.to && !context.explicit) return null;
+  if (word) {
+    return {
+      from: word.from,
+      options: jsdocCompletions,
+    };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+const handlers = [
+  soundHandler,
+  bankHandler,
+  chordHandler,
+  scaleHandler,
+  modeHandler,
+  // this handler *must* be last
+  fallbackHandler,
+];
+
+export const strudelAutocomplete = (context) => {
+  for (const handler of handlers) {
+    const result = handler(context);
+    if (result) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
 };
 
 export const isAutoCompletionEnabled = (enabled) =>
diff --git a/packages/codemirror/package.json b/packages/codemirror/package.json
index 803b33f3d..b4e7d27a8 100644
--- a/packages/codemirror/package.json
+++ b/packages/codemirror/package.json
@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@
     "@replit/codemirror-vscode-keymap": "^6.0.2",
     "@strudel/core": "workspace:*",
     "@strudel/draw": "workspace:*",
+    "@strudel/tonal": "workspace:*",
     "@strudel/transpiler": "workspace:*",
+    "@tonaljs/tonal": "^4.10.0",
+    "superdough": "workspace:*",
     "nanostores": "^0.11.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/packages/core/pattern.mjs b/packages/core/pattern.mjs
index a85226a8f..f5b0c676e 100644
--- a/packages/core/pattern.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/pattern.mjs
@@ -2998,6 +2998,24 @@ export const extend = stepRegister('extend', function (factor, pat) {
   return pat.fast(factor).expand(factor);
 });
 
+/**
+ * *Experimental*
+ *
+ * `replicate` is similar to `fast` in that it increases its density, but it also increases the step count
+ * accordingly. So `stepcat("a b".replicate(2), "c d")` would be the same as `"a b a b c d"`, whereas
+ * `stepcat("a b".fast(2), "c d")` would be the same as `"[a b] [a b] c d"`.
+ *
+ * TODO: find out how this function differs from extend
+ * @example
+ * stepcat(
+ *   sound("bd bd - cp").replicate(2),
+ *   sound("bd - sd -")
+ * ).pace(8)
+ */
+export const replicate = stepRegister('replicate', function (factor, pat) {
+  return pat.repeatCycles(factor).fast(factor).expand(factor);
+});
+
 /**
  * *Experimental*
  *
diff --git a/packages/draw/draw.mjs b/packages/draw/draw.mjs
index a429395ff..95f3aed50 100644
--- a/packages/draw/draw.mjs
+++ b/packages/draw/draw.mjs
@@ -84,9 +84,18 @@ Pattern.prototype.onPaint = function (painter) {
       state.controls.painters = [];
     }
     state.controls.painters.push(painter);
+    return state;
   });
 };
 
+// TODO - Why isn't this pure deep copy not working?
+// Pattern.prototype.onPaint = function (painter) {
+//   return this.withState((state) => {
+//     const painters = state.controls.painters ? [...state.controls.painters, painter] : [painter];
+//     return new State(state.span, { ...state.controls, painters });
+//   });
+// };
+
 Pattern.prototype.getPainters = function () {
   let painters = [];
   this.queryArc(0, 0, { painters });
diff --git a/packages/mondough/mondough.mjs b/packages/mondough/mondough.mjs
index b7ee83787..e2c6dc9ad 100644
--- a/packages/mondough/mondough.mjs
+++ b/packages/mondough/mondough.mjs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   slow,
   seq,
   stepcat,
-  extend,
+  replicate,
   expand,
   pace,
   chooseIn,
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ lib.square = (...args) => stepcat(...args).setSteps(1);
 lib.angle = (...args) => stepcat(...args).pace(1);
 lib['*'] = fast;
 lib['/'] = slow;
-lib['!'] = extend;
+lib['!'] = replicate;
 lib['@'] = expand;
 lib['%'] = pace;
 lib['?'] = degradeBy; // todo: default 0.5 not working..
diff --git a/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs b/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs
index 3232fa476..84bac3582 100644
--- a/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs
+++ b/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs
@@ -129,9 +129,7 @@ function githubPath(base, subpath = '') {
   let repo = components.length >= 2 ? components[1] : 'samples';
   let branch = components.length >= 3 ? components[2] : 'main';
   let other = components.slice(3);
-  if (subpath) {
-    other.push(subpath);
-  }
+  other.push(subpath ? subpath : '');
   other = other.join('/');
 
   return `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${user}/${repo}/${branch}/${other}`;
diff --git a/packages/tonal/index.mjs b/packages/tonal/index.mjs
index a3c0cba39..ebbcf0851 100644
--- a/packages/tonal/index.mjs
+++ b/packages/tonal/index.mjs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import './tonal.mjs';
 import './voicings.mjs';
+import './ireal.mjs';
 
 export * from './tonal.mjs';
 export * from './voicings.mjs';
-
-import './ireal.mjs';
+export * from './ireal.mjs';
 
 export const packageName = '@strudel/tonal';
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index c225057f3..055bb4bc7 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -212,12 +212,21 @@ importers:
       '@strudel/draw':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../draw
+      '@strudel/tonal':
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../tonal
       '@strudel/transpiler':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../transpiler
+      '@tonaljs/tonal':
+        specifier: ^4.10.0
+        version: 4.10.0
       nanostores:
         specifier: ^0.11.3
         version: 0.11.3
+      superdough:
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../superdough
     devDependencies:
       vite:
         specifier: ^6.0.11
diff --git a/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap b/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
index 937d42797..d7e13d4d9 100644
--- a/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
+++ b/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
@@ -8307,6 +8307,33 @@ exports[`runs examples > example "repeatCycles" example index 0 1`] = `
 ]
 `;
 
+exports[`runs examples > example "replicate" example index 0 1`] = `
+[
+  "[ 0/1 → 1/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 1/8 → 1/4 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 3/8 → 1/2 | s:cp ]",
+  "[ 1/2 → 5/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 5/8 → 3/4 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 7/8 → 1/1 | s:cp ]",
+  "[ 1/1 → 9/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 5/4 → 11/8 | s:sd ]",
+  "[ 3/2 → 13/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 13/8 → 7/4 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 15/8 → 2/1 | s:cp ]",
+  "[ 2/1 → 17/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 17/8 → 9/4 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 19/8 → 5/2 | s:cp ]",
+  "[ 5/2 → 21/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 11/4 → 23/8 | s:sd ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 25/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 25/8 → 13/4 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 27/8 → 7/2 | s:cp ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 29/8 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 29/8 → 15/4 | s:bd ]",
+  "[ 31/8 → 4/1 | s:cp ]",
+]
+`;
+
 exports[`runs examples > example "reset" example index 0 1`] = `
 [
   "[ 0/1 → 1/8 | s:hh ]",