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236 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
236 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: Synths
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layout: ../../layouts/MainLayout.astro
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---
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import { MiniRepl } from '../../docs/MiniRepl';
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import { JsDoc } from '../../docs/JsDoc';
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# Synths
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In addition to the sampling engine, strudel comes with a synthesizer to create sounds on the fly.
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## Basic Waveforms
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The basic waveforms are `sine`, `sawtooth`, `square` and `triangle`, which can be selected via `sound` (or `s`):
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>".fast(2))
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.sound("<sawtooth square triangle sine>")
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._scope()`}
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/>
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If you don't set a `sound` but a `note` the default value for `sound` is `triangle`!
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## Noise
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You can also use noise as a source by setting the waveform to: `white`, `pink` or `brown`. These are different
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flavours of noise, here written from hard to soft.
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<MiniRepl client:idle tune={`sound("<white pink brown>")._scope()`} />
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Here's a more musical example of how to use noise for hihats:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`sound("bd*2,<white pink brown>*8")
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.decay(.04).sustain(0)._scope()`}
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/>
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Some amount of pink noise can also be added to any oscillator by using the `noise` paremeter:
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<MiniRepl client:idle tune={`note("c3").noise("<0.1 0.25 0.5>")._scope()`} />
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You can also use the `crackle` type to play some subtle noise crackles. You can control noise amount by using the `density` parameter:
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<MiniRepl client:idle tune={`s("crackle*4").density("<0.01 0.04 0.2 0.5>".slow(2))._scope()`} />
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### Additive Synthesis
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Periodic waveforms are composed of several [harmonics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic) above a fundamental frequency, lying at integer multiples. These overtones combine to give a sound its unique timbral quality.
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For the basic waveforms, we offer you control over these harmonics with the `partials` and `phases` functions.
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#### Partials
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`partials` refers to the magnitude of each harmonic relative to the fundamental frequency. They can thus be used to spectrally filter these waveforms and tame some of their harshness:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>".fast(2))
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.sound("sawtooth")
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.partials([1, 1, "<1 0>", "<1 0>", "<1 0>", "<1 0>", "<1 0>"])
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._scope()`}
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/>
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`partials` can also be used to construct _new_ waveforms not present in our basic set with the 'user' sound source:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>".fast(2))
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.sound("user")
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.partials([1, 0, 0.3, 0, 0.1, 0, 0, 0.3])
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._scope()`}
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/>
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We may algorithmically construct lists of magnitudes with Javascript code like:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`const numHarmonics = 22;
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note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>".fast(2))
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.sound("saw")
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.partials(new Array(numHarmonics).fill(1))
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._scope()`}
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/>
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which acts as a spectral filter. Or:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>").fast(2)
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.sound("user")
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.partials(new Array(50).fill(0)
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.map((_, idx) => ((-1) ** (idx + 1)) / (idx + 1))
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)
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._scope()`}
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/>
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which recovers a familiar waveform.
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`partials` is also compatible with pattern functions designed to produce lists, like `randL` or `binaryL`:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>").fast(2)
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.sound("user")
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.partials(randL(10))
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._scope()`}
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/>
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and with lists _of_ patterns:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>".fast(4))
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.sound("user")
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.partials([1, 0, "0 1", "0 1 0.3", rand])
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._scope()`}
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/>
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Note that the first value in the `partials` array controls the magnitude of the fundamental harmonic rather than the DC offset, which is fixed at 0.
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#### Phases
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Earlier, we mentioned that periodic waveforms can be broken into a set of harmonics above a fundamental frequency. Each harmonic has two defining properties: its magnitude (how loud it is) and its phase, which determines where in its cycle that sine wave starts when the waveform is built.
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These phases too can be declared in Strudel and can give your sounds interesting depth.
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`s("saw").seg(16).n(irand(12)).scale("F1:minor")
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.penv(48).panchor(0).pdec(0.05)
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.delay(0.25).room(0.25)
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.compressor(-20).vib(0.3)
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.partials(randL(200))
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.phases(randL(200))`}
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/>
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## Vibrato
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### vib
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<JsDoc client:idle name="vib" h={0} />
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### vibmod
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<JsDoc client:idle name="vibmod" h={0} />
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## FM Synthesis
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FM Synthesis is a technique that changes the frequency of a basic waveform rapidly to alter the timbre.
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You can use fm with any of the above waveforms, although the below examples all use the default triangle wave.
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### fm
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<JsDoc client:idle name="fm" h={0} />
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### fmh
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<JsDoc client:idle name="fmh" h={0} />
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### fmattack
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<JsDoc client:idle name="fmattack" h={0} />
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### fmdecay
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<JsDoc client:idle name="fmdecay" h={0} />
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### fmsustain
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<JsDoc client:idle name="fmsustain" h={0} />
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### fmenv
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<JsDoc client:idle name="fmenv" h={0} />
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## Wavetable Synthesis
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Strudel can also use the sampler to load custom waveforms as a replacement of the default waveforms used by WebAudio for the base synth. A default set of more than 1000 wavetables is accessible by default (coming from the [AKWF](https://www.adventurekid.se/akrt/waveforms/adventure-kid-waveforms/) set). You can also import/use your own. A wavetable is a one-cycle waveform, which is then repeated to create a sound at the desired frequency. It is a classic but very effective synthesis technique.
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Any sample preceded by the `wt_` prefix will be loaded as a wavetable. This means that the `loop` argument will be set to `1` by default. You can scan over the wavetable by using `loopBegin` and `loopEnd` as well.
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`samples('bubo:waveforms');
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note("<[g3,b3,e4]!2 [a3,c3,e4] [b3,d3,f#4]>")
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.n("<1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10>/2").room(0.5).size(0.9)
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.s('wt_flute').velocity(0.25).often(n => n.ply(2))
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.release(0.125).decay("<0.1 0.25 0.3 0.4>").sustain(0)
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.cutoff(2000).cutoff("<1000 2000 4000>").fast(4)
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._scope()
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`}
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/>
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## ZZFX
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The "Zuper Zmall Zound Zynth" [ZZFX](https://github.com/KilledByAPixel/ZzFX) is also integrated in strudel.
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Developed by [Frank Force](https://frankforce.com/), it is a synth and FX engine originally intended to be used for size coding games.
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It has 20 parameters in total, here is a snippet that uses all:
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<MiniRepl
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client:idle
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tune={`note("c2 eb2 f2 g2") // also supports freq
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.s("{z_sawtooth z_tan z_noise z_sine z_square}%4")
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.zrand(0) // randomization
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// zzfx envelope
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.attack(0.001)
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.decay(0.1)
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.sustain(.8)
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.release(.1)
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// special zzfx params
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.curve(1) // waveshape 1-3
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.slide(0) // +/- pitch slide
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.deltaSlide(0) // +/- pitch slide (?)
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.noise(0) // make it dirty
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.zmod(0) // fm speed
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.zcrush(0) // bit crush 0 - 1
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.zdelay(0) // simple delay
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.pitchJump(0) // +/- pitch change after pitchJumpTime
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.pitchJumpTime(0) // >0 time after pitchJump is applied
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.lfo(0) // >0 resets slide + pitchJump + sets tremolo speed
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.tremolo(0.5) // 0-1 lfo volume modulation amount
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//.duration(.2) // overwrite strudel event duration
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//.gain(1) // change volume
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._scope() // vizualise waveform (not zzfx related)
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`}
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/>
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Note that you can also combine zzfx with all the other audio fx (next chapter).
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Next up: [Audio Effects](/learn/effects)...
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