[flake8-bugbear] Make fix unsafe if it deletes comments (B014) (#22659)

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## Summary

<!-- What's the purpose of the change? What does it do, and why? -->

## Test Plan

<!-- How was it tested? -->

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_bugbear/B014.py

@@ -88,3 +88,14 @@ try:
     pas
 except(re.error, re.error):
     p
+
+
+try:
+    pass
+except (
+    ValueError,
+    ValueError,
+    # text
+    TypeError,
+):
+    pass

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/duplicate_exceptions.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-
+use ruff_diagnostics::Applicability;
 use ruff_macros::{ViolationMetadata, derive_message_formats};
 use ruff_python_ast::name::UnqualifiedName;
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, ExceptHandler, Expr, ExprContext};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
+use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::fix::edits::pad;
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ use crate::{Edit, Fix};
 ///     ...
 /// ```
 ///
+/// ## Fix safety
+/// This rule's fix is marked as safe, unless the exception handler contains comments.
+///
 /// ## References
 /// - [Python documentation: `except` clause](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#except-clause)
 #[derive(ViolationMetadata)]
@@ -154,22 +157,32 @@ fn duplicate_handler_exceptions<'a>(
                 },
                 expr.range(),
             );
-            diagnostic.set_fix(Fix::safe_edit(Edit::range_replacement(
-                // Single exceptions don't require parentheses, but since we're _removing_
-                // parentheses, insert whitespace as needed.
-                if let [elt] = unique_elts.as_slice() {
-                    pad(
-                        checker.generator().expr(elt),
-                        expr.range(),
-                        checker.locator(),
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    // Multiple exceptions must always be parenthesized. This is done
-                    // manually as the generator never parenthesizes lone tuples.
-                    format!("({})", checker.generator().expr(&type_pattern(unique_elts)))
-                },
-                expr.range(),
-            )));
+
+            let applicability = if checker.comment_ranges().intersects(expr.range()) {
+                Applicability::Unsafe
+            } else {
+                Applicability::Safe
+            };
+
+            diagnostic.set_fix(Fix::applicable_edit(
+                Edit::range_replacement(
+                    // Single exceptions don't require parentheses, but since we're _removing_
+                    // parentheses, insert whitespace as needed.
+                    if let [elt] = unique_elts.as_slice() {
+                        pad(
+                            checker.generator().expr(elt),
+                            expr.range(),
+                            checker.locator(),
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        // Multiple exceptions must always be parenthesized. This is done
+                        // manually as the generator never parenthesizes lone tuples.
+                        format!("({})", checker.generator().expr(&type_pattern(unique_elts)))
+                    },
+                    expr.range(),
+                ),
+                applicability,
+            ));
         }
     }
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_bugbear__tests__B014_B014.py.snap

@@ -96,3 +96,34 @@ help: De-duplicate exceptions
    - except(re.error, re.error):
 89 + except re.error:
 90 |     p
+91 | 
+92 | 
+
+B014 [*] Exception handler with duplicate exception: `ValueError`
+   --> B014.py:95:8
+    |
+ 93 |   try:
+ 94 |       pass
+ 95 |   except (
+    |  ________^
+ 96 | |     ValueError,
+ 97 | |     ValueError,
+ 98 | |     # text
+ 99 | |     TypeError,
+100 | | ):
+    | |_^
+101 |       pass
+    |
+help: De-duplicate exceptions
+92 | 
+93 | try:
+94 |     pass
+   - except (
+   -     ValueError,
+   -     ValueError,
+   -     # text
+   -     TypeError,
+   - ):
+95 + except (ValueError, TypeError):
+96 |     pass
+note: This is an unsafe fix and may change runtime behavior