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BFM-decomp/docs/second-oracle.md
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Drew T 867f09221c feat(oracle): main gets its independent second oracle — contract §1.3 closed
The roadmap's completion contract requires both audit oracles green before any
100% claim on main, and main had none: audit-corpus covered overlays and
resident only, and R34 is explicit that the byte gate is a perfect CORRECTNESS
oracle and a NULL COVERAGE oracle — green whether a function was sliced right
or invented, because the .s pieces paste back either way.

sig_image gains multi-range signing, closing all three blockers
docs/second-oracle.md scoped:
  * the 0x800 PS-X EXE header -> --vram-base 0x8000F800 puts file offset 0 at
    vram, so the header falls below the first range
  * interleaved data + linked islands -> --segments derives 28 game-code ranges
    from the splat yaml's SEGMENT rows
  * one text range -> the signer loops ranges, bootstrapping INSIDE each, which
    is what stops the linear partition running through a data island and minting
    functions out of it (the detector manufacturing the class it detects)

INDEPENDENCE IS PRESERVED, NOT WORKED AROUND. Ranges come from segment TYPES,
never from splat's function boundaries; entries are still found by byte-derived
jal-closure. Seeding from splat's symbols would make every phantom look real —
the trap the design doc names. .run/sig.main.jsonl (the splat-SEEDED atlas sig)
is a different file and corpus.ORACLE_SIG keeps the audit off it.

RESULT: 986 functions signed. main audit = 0 PHANTOM, 0 TRUNCATED, 1 PAD-TAIL.
Fleet audit-corpus = 0 + 0, unchanged for resident and overlays.

NEW AUDIT CLASS, from the first real finding. func_80062144: splat .s 65 ins,
oracle 64 — the extra line is a nop one line BELOW endlabel. That is an
alignment pad the matching side already emits from C (§295; two S77 wave agents
did it on func_8005E13C and func_8005D538), not a mis-slice. Lumping it with
TRUNCATED would make the oracle's first finding look like a defect and bury the
class that is one.

COVERAGE ASSERTED both ways before trusting it (R32): all 30 game-code stubs
fall inside a range, and 0 of 199 addr-parseable LINKED stubs do.
2026-09-03 21:58:17 -06:00

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# The second, disagreeing oracle — coverage & the main-EXE deferral (Phase-27 T10)
> **R34:** the whole-binary byte-gate is a perfect CORRECTNESS oracle and a NULL COVERAGE oracle —
> it is green at any decomp %, so it cannot see a function splat mis-sliced or invented (the `.s`
> pieces paste back verbatim, image byte-identical either way). Only a SECOND, INDEPENDENT boundary
> oracle can. `make audit-corpus` (`tools/corpus.py --audit`) is it: it cross-checks splat's function
> boundaries against `sig_image`'s, which are derived from the ORIGINAL bytes without splat or Ghidra.
## Coverage (who the second oracle can see)
| binary | independent sig? | covered | why |
|---|---|---|---|
| 138 overlays | `sig_image` (byte-derived) | ✅ | validated 58,524/58,621 vs spimdisasm |
| resident | `sig_image` (**Phase-27 T10**) | ✅ | `make sig-resident` — 144 fns, all 21 stubs present, 0 phantom/truncated |
| main | `sig_image` multi-range (**P31 S77**) | ✅ | `make sig-main-oracle` — 28 game-code ranges, 986 fns, **0 phantom / 0 truncated / 1 pad-tail** |
`corpus.sig_is_independent()` gates the check to exactly this domain: a boundary cross-check applied
where the two oracles were never measuring the same thing is noise, not thoroughness (the audit's own
R14 lesson — over all 136 it reported 914 "slices"; in-domain, 193, all one real defect).
**Resident (now covered).** `make sig-resident` signs the resident flat blob with `sig_image`
(`--vram-base 0x800CEDF8`) instead of the Ghidra dumper, making its sig independent. Probed clean
(0 phantom + 0 truncated). ⚠️ The check is only valid while `.run/sig.resident.jsonl` IS the sig_image
sig — run `make sig-resident` before `make audit-corpus` (a stale Ghidra sig there resurrects the
"measuring Ghidra's limits" artefact). `h_exact` is raw-byte SHA1, so `weighted_metrics` is unaffected
by the swap (fleet % unchanged to the decimal).
## Main EXE — DELIVERED (P31 S77). The deferral below is kept as the design record.
`make sig-main-oracle` signs the ORIGINAL EXE bytes and `corpus.sig_is_independent("main")` is now
True whenever `.run/sig.main.oracle.jsonl` exists. All three structural blockers are closed:
1. **The 0x800 header** — `--vram-base 0x8000F800` maps file offset 0 to vram, so the header simply
falls below the first code range. No `--skip` needed.
2. **Interleaved data + linked islands** — new `--segments <splat yaml>`
(`sig_image.code_ranges_from_splat`) derives **28 game-code ranges** from the yaml's SEGMENT rows.
It reads `[file_off, type, name]` and NOTHING else: segment *types* are coarse structure, not
splat's *function* boundaries, so the two oracles stay independent exactly where it matters.
`--exclude-subsegs` drops the LINKED PsyQ blocks.
3. **One text range** — the signer now loops ranges, bootstrapping entries INSIDE each. Per-range
discovery is what stops the linear partition running through a data island and minting functions
out of it, i.e. the detector manufacturing the phantom class it exists to detect.
**The trap was avoided, not worked around.** Entries are still found by byte-derived jal-closure;
nothing is seeded from splat's symbols. `.run/sig.main.jsonl` (the splat-SEEDED atlas sig, P31 T3)
is a DIFFERENT file and the audit never reads it — `corpus.ORACLE_SIG` keeps them apart.
**Domain (R14).** The oracle signs game code only, so `audit("main")` filters the LINKED stubs out.
Auditing them against it would report ~960 phantoms that are artefacts of comparing two oracles that
never measured the same thing — the same 914-vs-193 mistake this file already warns about.
**First finding, and it is a real one.** `func_80062144`: splat's `.s` says 65 instructions, the
byte-derived boundary says 64. The extra line is a `nop` at `0x80062244`, emitted one line BELOW
`endlabel`. That is a **PAD-TAIL**, now its own audit class — a known alignment artefact the matching
side handles by emitting the pad from C (cookbook §295; two S77 wave agents did exactly that on
`func_8005E13C` and `func_8005D538`), not a splat mis-slice. Reporting it as TRUNCATED would have
made the oracle's first real finding look like a defect and buried the class that is one.
**Fleet status after wiring:** `make audit-corpus` → **0 PHANTOM + 0 TRUNCATED**, +1 PAD-TAIL.
---
## (Historical) Main EXE — why sig_image could not sign it
`tools/sig_image.py` assumes a flat blob whose file offset 0 IS its vram base, one contiguous code
region, and one `[lo,hi)` text range. The main EXE breaks all three — structurally, not with a flag:
1. **PS-X EXE header.** The EXE has a 0x800 header before the code; `sig_image` maps `off = start −
vram_base`, so file offset 0 must equal vram. Needs a `--file-offset`/`--skip 0x800`.
2. **Interleaved data islands + linked PsyQ regions.** `detect_code_end` stops at the first sustained
invalid run, and `bootstrap_seeds` linear-partitions from one entry — both assume ONE code prefix
then data. main has rodata/data islands and linked libcd/libgs/… regions between code. Needs an
island list, not a single range.
3. **One `--text-lo/--text-hi`.** No multi-range support.
**The trap in the cheap workaround.** Seeding a main sig_image run from splat's symbols destroys
independence *for the PHANTOM class specifically* — a phantom IS a splat-invented address, so seeding
from splat makes every phantom look real. A seeded run still buys the TRUNCATED class (boundaries
re-derived by `func_end`), but it is a half-oracle, and calling it "the second oracle" would be the
exact self-deception R34 exists to prevent. So: **deliver an honest deferral, not a fake oracle.**
**The scoped design (when it's built):** teach `sig_image` (a) a `--file-offset` for the header, (b) a
segment list (from the splat yaml's `[vram, type]` rows — types, not function boundaries, so it stays
independent of splat's *function* slicing) so it signs each code segment and skips data/linked islands,
(c) multiple text ranges. Then `sig_is_independent("main")` → True and the EXE joins the audit.
**Interim (Phase-27):** main's boundary blind spot is DOCUMENTED, not silently green. A cheaper partial
that closes it sooner: a fresh **Ghidra** `make sig-refresh` (R23 — MCP stopped) at least refreshes the
month-stale main sig `weighted_metrics` reports from; it is not independent (Ghidra boundaries), so it
does not serve the audit, but it makes the MAIN game-code weighted number current.
## The completion metrics (roadmap §1 "all three, with main in the denominators")
`tools/progress.py --fleet` reports:
- **fn-count byte-ident** — includes main (×134-inflated; one crack counts per overlay).
- **instr-weighted** — resident + 138 overlays (the decomp.dev-DISPLAY number). Main is NOT folded in.
- **distinct-code** — each h_exact class once.
- **MAIN game-code weighted** *(new, T10)* — reported SEPARATELY, `main_pct`, from main's
LINKED-excluding Ghidra sig. It is game-code-only (LINKED = complete, in fn-count) and PROVISIONAL
(the sig is dated; see `main_sig_date`). It is not folded into the decomp.dev-comparable fleet number
because folding a stale/incomplete value would mislead the flip-timing checkpoint. A fresh/complete
main sig (sig-refresh, or the sig_image-on-main oracle above) makes it authoritative and foldable —
a roadmap decision for when the number is trustworthy.