Publish

- @strudel/codemirror@1.2.7
 - @strudel/core@1.2.6
 - @strudel/csound@1.2.7
 - @strudel/draw@1.2.6
 - @strudel/embed@1.1.2
 - @strudel/gamepad@1.2.6
 - @strudel/hydra@1.2.6
 - @strudel/midi@1.2.7
 - @strudel/mini@1.2.6
 - mondolang@1.1.2
 - @strudel/mondo@1.1.6
 - @strudel/motion@1.2.6
 - @strudel/mqtt@1.2.6
 - @strudel/osc@1.3.1
 - @strudel/reference@1.2.2
 - @strudel/repl@1.2.8
 - @strudel/sampler@0.2.4
 - @strudel/serial@1.2.6
 - @strudel/soundfonts@1.2.7
 - superdough@1.2.7
 - supradough@1.2.5
 - @strudel/tonal@1.2.6
 - @strudel/transpiler@1.2.6
 - vite-plugin-bundle-audioworklet@0.1.2
 - @strudel/web@1.2.7
 - @strudel/webaudio@1.2.7
 - @strudel/xen@1.2.6

.forgejo/workflows/deploy-warm-beta.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 name: Build and Deploy to beta (warm.strudel.cc)
 
-on: [workflow_dispatch]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
 
 # Allow one concurrent deployment
 concurrency:

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -4,20 +4,13 @@ Thanks for wanting to contribute!!! There are many ways you can add value to thi
 
 ## Move to codeberg
 
-We are currently in the process of moving from github to codeberg -- not everything is working, please bear with us.
-
-To update your local clone, you can run this command:
-
-```
-git remote set-url origin git@codeberg.org:uzu/strudel.git
-```
-
+Along with many other live coding projects, we have moved from Microsoft's Github platform to Codeberg for ethical reasons. Please don't fork the project back to github.
 
 ## Communication Channels
 
-To get in touch with the contributors, either
+To get in touch with the community, either
 
-- [join the Tidal Discord Channel](https://discord.com/invite/HGEdXmRkzT) and go to the #strudel channel
+- [join the Uzulang Discord Server](https://discord.com/invite/HGEdXmRkzT) and go to the strudel channels (Uzulangs are a family of live coding languages inspired by each other, including TidalCycles as well as Strudel)
 - Find related discussions on the [tidal club forum](https://club.tidalcycles.org/)
 
 ## Ask a Question
@@ -36,22 +29,35 @@ Use one of the Communication Channels listed above and drop us a line or two!
 ## Share Music
 
 If you made some music with strudel, you can give back some love and share what you've done!
-Your creation could also be part of the random selection in the REPL if you want.
 Use one of the Communication Channels listed above.
+(There used to be a random selection of contributed patterns in the REPL, but that is unfortunately disabled for now due to abuse)
 
 ## Improve the Docs
 
-If you find some weak spots in the [docs](https://strudel.cc/workshop/getting-started/),
-you can edit each file directly on codeburg. (we are currently fixing the "Edit this page" links in the right sidebar)
+If you find some weak spots in the [docs](https://strudel.cc/workshop/getting-started/), you can edit each file directly on codeberg. There are "Edit this page" links in the right sidebar that take you to the right place.
 
 ## Propose a Feature
 
-If you want a specific feature that is not part of strudel yet, feel free to use one of the communication channels above.
-Maybe you even want to help with the implementation of that feature!
+If you want a specific feature that is not part of strudel yet, feel free to use one of the communication channels above. Please bear in mind that this is a free/open source project, oriented around collaborative discussion. Maybe you even want to help with the implementation of that feature!
+
+## Contribute a feature
+
+Pull requests welcome! Consider starting with discussion or proof-of-concept first, rather than do loads of work on something and then find it doesn't fit the collective goals of the project, or something like that.
+
+At the time of writing we have a PR backlog, and generally prioritise bugfixes and contributions that have arisen through community discussion.
+
+### AI/LLM policy
+
+Strudel is a project handmade by humans, with thought and nuance. 
+
+If you have used LLMs (so called 'AI'), please detail that in the pull request. We are still developing our response to the onslaught of LLM technology, but for practical and legal reasons are currently not accepting wholly LLM-generated code. We are also not accepting PRs that add LLM features to strudel itself.
+
+There are #llm-chat and #llm-share channels on our discord. Please do not discuss or share LLM-related things outside of those channels.
 
 ## Report a Bug
 
 If you've found a bug, or some behaviour that does not seem right, you are welcome to file an [issue](https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/issues).
+
 Please check that it has not been reported before.
 
 ## Fix a Bug
@@ -118,8 +124,7 @@ There are also eslint extensions / plugins for most editors.
 
 ## Running all CI Checks
 
-When opening a PR, the CI runner will automatically check the code style and eslint, as well as run all tests.
-You can run the same check with `pnpm check`
+When opening a PR, the CI runner will (once approved by a human) check the code style and eslint, as well as run all tests. You can run the same check with `pnpm check`.
 
 ## Package Workflow
 

README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 # strudel
 
 Live coding patterns on the web
-https://strudel.cc/
+
 
 - Try it here: <https://strudel.cc>
 - Docs: <https://strudel.cc/learn>
+- Source: https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/
+  * Along with many other live coding projects, we have moved from Microsoft's Github platform to Codeberg for ethical reasons. **Please don't fork the project back to github**.
 - Technical Blog Post: <https://loophole-letters.vercel.app/strudel>
 - 1 Year of Strudel Blog Post: <https://loophole-letters.vercel.app/strudel1year>
 - 2 Years of Strudel Blog Post: <https://strudel.cc/blog/#year-2>
 
+
 ## Running Locally
 
 After cloning the project, you can run the REPL locally:

examples/buildless/web-component-no-iframe.html

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-<script src="https://unpkg.com/@strudel/repl@1.0.2"></script>
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/@strudel/repl@1.2.7"></script>
+<!-- <script src="../../packages/repl/dist/index.js"></script> -->
 <strudel-editor>
   <!--
 // @date 23-08-15

packages/codemirror/codemirror.mjs

@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ import { sliderPlugin, updateSliderWidgets } from './slider.mjs';
 import { activateTheme, initTheme, theme } from './themes.mjs';
 import { isTooltipEnabled } from './tooltip.mjs';
 import { updateWidgets, widgetPlugin } from './widget.mjs';
+import { jumpToCharacter } from './labelJump.mjs';
 
 export { toggleBlockComment, toggleBlockCommentByLine, toggleComment, toggleLineComment } from '@codemirror/commands';
 
-const extensions = {
+export const extensions = {
   isLineWrappingEnabled: (on) => (on ? EditorView.lineWrapping : []),
   isBracketMatchingEnabled: (on) => (on ? bracketMatching({ brackets: '()[]{}<>' }) : []),
   isBracketClosingEnabled: (on) => (on ? closeBrackets() : []),
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ const extensions = {
         ]
       : [],
 };
-const compartments = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(extensions).map((key) => [key, new Compartment()]));
+export const compartments = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(extensions).map((key) => [key, new Compartment()]));
 
 export const defaultSettings = {
   keybindings: 'codemirror',
@@ -119,6 +120,14 @@ export function initEditor({ initialCode = '', onChange, onEvaluate, onStop, roo
             preventDefault: true,
             run: () => onStop?.(),
           },
+          {
+            key: 'Alt-w',
+            run: (view) => jumpToCharacter(view, '$', 1),
+          },
+          {
+            key: 'Alt-q',
+            run: (view) => jumpToCharacter(view, '$', -1),
+          },
           /* {
             key: 'Ctrl-Shift-.',
             run: () => (onPanic ? onPanic() : onStop?.()),
@@ -293,9 +302,9 @@ export class StrudelMirror {
       console.warn('first frame could not be painted');
     }
   }
-  async evaluate() {
+  async evaluate(autostart = true) {
     this.flash();
-    await this.repl.evaluate(this.code);
+    await this.repl.evaluate(this.code, autostart);
   }
   async stop() {
     this.repl.scheduler.stop();
@@ -411,7 +420,7 @@ export class StrudelMirror {
   }
 }
 
-function parseBooleans(value) {
+export function parseBooleans(value) {
   return { true: true, false: false }[value] ?? value;
 }
 

packages/codemirror/index.mjs

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ export * from './flash.mjs';
 export * from './slider.mjs';
 export * from './themes.mjs';
 export * from './widget.mjs';
+export { Vim } from './keybindings.mjs';

packages/codemirror/keybindings.mjs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { defaultKeymap } from '@codemirror/commands';
-import { Prec } from '@codemirror/state';
+import { Prec, EditorState } from '@codemirror/state';
 import { keymap, ViewPlugin } from '@codemirror/view';
 // import { searchKeymap } from '@codemirror/search';
 import { emacs } from '@replit/codemirror-emacs';
@@ -131,7 +131,13 @@ const keymaps = {
   vscode: vscodeExtension,
 };
 
+export { Vim } from '@replit/codemirror-vim';
+
 export function keybindings(name) {
   const active = keymaps[name];
-  return [active ? Prec.high(active()) : []];
+  const extensions = active ? [Prec.high(active())] : [];
+  if (name === 'vim') {
+    extensions.push(EditorState.allowMultipleSelections.of(true));
+  }
+  return extensions;
 }

packages/codemirror/labelJump.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { EditorSelection } from '@codemirror/state';
+import { SearchCursor } from '@codemirror/search';
+
+export function jumpToCharacter(view, character, direction = 1) {
+  const { state, dispatch } = view;
+  const pos = state.selection.main.head;
+  const cursor = new SearchCursor(state.doc, character);
+
+  let characterPositions = [];
+  let jumpPos;
+  while (!cursor.next().done) {
+    characterPositions.push(cursor.value.to);
+  }
+  if (!characterPositions.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (direction > 0) {
+    jumpPos = characterPositions.find((x) => x > pos + 1) ?? characterPositions.at(0); // Loop back around for convenience
+  } else {
+    jumpPos = characterPositions.reverse().find((x) => x < pos + 1) ?? characterPositions.at(0);
+  }
+
+  if (jumpPos == null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  dispatch({
+    selection: EditorSelection.cursor(jumpPos - 1),
+    scrollIntoView: true,
+  });
+  return true;
+}

packages/codemirror/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/codemirror",
-  "version": "1.2.6",
+  "version": "1.2.7",
   "description": "Codemirror Extensions for Strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "publishConfig": {

packages/core/bench/signal.bench.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { describe, bench } from 'vitest';
+
+import { calculateSteps, rand, useRNG } from '../index.mjs';
+
+const testingResolution = 128;
+
+const _generateRandomPattern = () => rand.iter(testingResolution).fast(testingResolution).firstCycle();
+
+describe('old random', () => {
+  calculateSteps(true);
+  bench(
+    '+tactus',
+    () => {
+      useRNG('legacy');
+      _generateRandomPattern();
+    },
+    {
+      time: 1000,
+      teardown() {
+        useRNG('legacy');
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  calculateSteps(false);
+  bench(
+    '-tactus',
+    () => {
+      useRNG('precise');
+      _generateRandomPattern();
+    },
+    {
+      time: 1000,
+      teardown() {
+        useRNG('legacy');
+      },
+    },
+  );
+});
+
+describe('random', () => {
+  calculateSteps(true);
+  bench('+tactus', _generateRandomPattern, { time: 1000 });
+
+  calculateSteps(false);
+  bench('-tactus', _generateRandomPattern, { time: 1000 });
+});
+
+calculateSteps(true);

packages/core/controls.mjs

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ Copyright (C) 2022 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
-import { Pattern, register, reify } from './pattern.mjs';
+import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
+import { Pattern, pure, register, reify } from './pattern.mjs';
 
 export function createParam(names) {
   let isMulti = Array.isArray(names);
@@ -72,6 +73,27 @@ export function registerControl(names, ...aliases) {
   return bag;
 }
 
+export function registerMultiControl(names, maxControls, ...aliases) {
+  names = Array.isArray(names) ? names : [names];
+  let bag = {};
+  for (let i = 1; i <= maxControls; i++) {
+    let theseAliases = [...aliases];
+    let theseNames = [...names];
+    if (i === 1) {
+      // adds e.g. fm1 as an alias for fm
+      const aliases1 = theseAliases.map((a) => `${a}1`);
+      const names1 = theseNames.map((n) => `${n}1`);
+      theseAliases = theseAliases.concat(aliases1).concat(names1);
+    } else {
+      theseAliases = theseAliases.map((a) => `${a}${i}`);
+      theseNames = theseNames.map((n) => `${n}${i}`);
+    }
+    const subBag = registerControl(theseNames, ...theseAliases);
+    bag = { ...bag, ...subBag };
+  }
+  return bag;
+}
+
 /**
  * Select a sound / sample by name. When using mininotation, you can also optionally supply 'n' and 'gain' parameters
  * separated by ':'.
@@ -380,12 +402,13 @@ export const { accelerate } = registerControl('accelerate');
  * Sets the velocity from 0 to 1. Is multiplied together with gain.
  *
  * @name velocity
+ * @synonyms vel
  * @example
  * s("hh*8")
  * .gain(".4!2 1 .4!2 1 .4 1")
  * .velocity(".4 1")
  */
-export const { velocity } = registerControl('velocity');
+export const { velocity, vel } = registerControl('velocity', 'vel');
 /**
  * Controls the gain by an exponential amount.
  *
@@ -435,6 +458,9 @@ export const { attack, att } = registerControl('attack', 'att');
  * Whole numbers and simple ratios sound more natural,
  * while decimal numbers and complex ratios sound metallic.
  *
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the harmonicity of
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fmh2`)
+ *
  * @name fmh
  * @param {number | Pattern} harmonicity
  * @example
@@ -444,25 +470,40 @@ export const { attack, att } = registerControl('attack', 'att');
  * ._scope()
  *
  */
-export const { fmh } = registerControl(['fmh', 'fmi'], 'fmh');
+export const { fmh, fmh1, fmh2, fmh3, fmh4, fmh5, fmh6, fmh7, fmh8 } = registerMultiControl(['fmh', 'fmi'], 8, 'fmh');
+
 /**
  * Sets the Frequency Modulation of the synth.
  * Controls the modulation index, which defines the brightness of the sound.
  *
- * @name fm
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the modulation index of
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fm3`). Also, FMs may be routed into
+ * each other with matrix commands like `fm13`, which would send `fm1` back into
+ * `fm3`
+ *
+ * @name fmi
  * @param {number | Pattern} brightness modulation index
- * @synonyms fmi
+ * @synonyms fm
  * @example
  * note("c e g b g e")
  * .fm("<0 1 2 8 32>")
  * ._scope()
+ * @example
+ * s("sine").note("F1").seg(8)
+ *  .fm(4).fm2(rand.mul(4)).fm3(saw.mul(8).slow(8))
+ *  .fmh(1.06).fmh2(10).fmh3(0.1)
  *
  */
-export const { fmi, fm } = registerControl(['fmi', 'fmh'], 'fm');
+export const { fmi, fmi1, fmi2, fmi3, fmi4, fmi5, fmi6, fmi7, fmi8, fm, fm1, fm2, fm3, fm4, fm5, fm6, fm7, fm8 } =
+  registerMultiControl(['fmi', 'fmh'], 8, 'fm');
+
 // fm envelope
 /**
  * Ramp type of fm envelope. Exp might be a bit broken..
  *
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the envelope of
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fmenv4`)
+ *
  * @name fmenv
  * @param {number | Pattern} type lin | exp
  * @example
@@ -474,11 +515,19 @@ export const { fmi, fm } = registerControl(['fmi', 'fmh'], 'fm');
  * ._scope()
  *
  */
-export const { fmenv } = registerControl('fmenv');
+export const { fmenv, fmenv1, fmenv2, fmenv3, fmenv4, fmenv5, fmenv6, fmenv7, fmenv8 } = registerMultiControl(
+  'fmenv',
+  8,
+);
+
 /**
  * Attack time for the FM envelope: time it takes to reach maximum modulation
  *
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the attack of the envelope of
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fmatt5`)
+ *
  * @name fmattack
+ * @synonyms fmatt
  * @param {number | Pattern} time attack time
  * @example
  * note("c e g b g e")
@@ -487,11 +536,33 @@ export const { fmenv } = registerControl('fmenv');
  * ._scope()
  *
  */
-export const { fmattack } = registerControl('fmattack');
+export const {
+  fmattack,
+  fmattack1,
+  fmattack2,
+  fmattack3,
+  fmattack4,
+  fmattack5,
+  fmattack6,
+  fmattack7,
+  fmattack8,
+  fmatt,
+  fmatt1,
+  fmatt2,
+  fmatt3,
+  fmatt4,
+  fmatt5,
+  fmatt6,
+  fmatt7,
+  fmatt8,
+} = registerMultiControl('fmattack', 8, 'fmatt');
 
 /**
  * Waveform of the fm modulator
  *
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the waveform
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fmwave6`)
+ *
  * @name fmwave
  * @param {number | Pattern} wave waveform
  * @example
@@ -500,12 +571,19 @@ export const { fmattack } = registerControl('fmattack');
  * n("0 1 2 3".fast(4)).chord("<Dm Am F G>").voicing().s("sawtooth").fmwave("brown").fm(.6)
  *
  */
-export const { fmwave } = registerControl('fmwave');
+export const { fmwave, fmwave1, fmwave2, fmwave3, fmwave4, fmwave5, fmwave6, fmwave7, fmwave8 } = registerMultiControl(
+  'fmwave',
+  8,
+);
 
 /**
  * Decay time for the FM envelope: seconds until the sustain level is reached after the attack phase.
  *
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the decay of the envelope of
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fmdec6`)
+ *
  * @name fmdecay
+ * @synonyms fmdec
  * @param {number | Pattern} time decay time
  * @example
  * note("c e g b g e")
@@ -515,11 +593,35 @@ export const { fmwave } = registerControl('fmwave');
  * ._scope()
  *
  */
-export const { fmdecay } = registerControl('fmdecay');
+export const {
+  fmdecay,
+  fmdecay1,
+  fmdecay2,
+  fmdecay3,
+  fmdecay4,
+  fmdecay5,
+  fmdecay6,
+  fmdecay7,
+  fmdecay8,
+  fmdec,
+  fmdec1,
+  fmdec2,
+  fmdec3,
+  fmdec4,
+  fmdec5,
+  fmdec6,
+  fmdec7,
+  fmdec8,
+} = registerMultiControl('fmdecay', 8, 'fmdec');
+
 /**
  * Sustain level for the FM envelope: how much modulation is applied after the decay phase
  *
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the sustain of the envelope of
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fmsus7`)
+ *
  * @name fmsustain
+ * @synonyms fmsus
  * @param {number | Pattern} level sustain level
  * @example
  * note("c e g b g e")
@@ -529,10 +631,69 @@ export const { fmdecay } = registerControl('fmdecay');
  * ._scope()
  *
  */
-export const { fmsustain } = registerControl('fmsustain');
-// these are not really useful... skipping for now
-export const { fmrelease } = registerControl('fmrelease');
-export const { fmvelocity } = registerControl('fmvelocity');
+export const {
+  fmsustain,
+  fmsustain1,
+  fmsustain2,
+  fmsustain3,
+  fmsustain4,
+  fmsustain5,
+  fmsustain6,
+  fmsustain7,
+  fmsustain8,
+  fmsus,
+  fmsus1,
+  fmsus2,
+  fmsus3,
+  fmsus4,
+  fmsus5,
+  fmsus6,
+  fmsus7,
+  fmsus8,
+} = registerMultiControl('fmsustain', 8, 'fmsus');
+
+/**
+ * Release time for the FM envelope: how much modulation is applied after the note is released
+ *
+ * A number may be added afterwards to control the release of the envelope of
+ * any of the 8 individual FMs (e.g. `fmrel8`)
+ *
+ * @name fmrelease
+ * @synonyms fmrel
+ * @param {number | Pattern} time release time
+ *
+ */
+export const {
+  fmrelease,
+  fmrelease1,
+  fmrelease2,
+  fmrelease3,
+  fmrelease4,
+  fmrelease5,
+  fmrelease6,
+  fmrelease7,
+  fmrelease8,
+  fmrel,
+  fmrel1,
+  fmrel2,
+  fmrel3,
+  fmrel4,
+  fmrel5,
+  fmrel6,
+  fmrel7,
+  fmrel8,
+} = registerMultiControl('fmrelease', 8, 'fmrel');
+
+// FM Matrix
+// Note: we do not declare top-level exports here since it would add
+// ~162 more explicit exports. This is likely fine as the most common use-case would be to at least
+// declare one other FM prior to utilizing the matrix functionality, but if we ever decide we need it,
+// TODO to add it explicitly / go with the globalThis approach
+for (let i = 0; i <= 8; i++) {
+  for (let j = 0; j <= 8; j++) {
+    registerControl(`fmi${i}${j}`, `fm${i}${j}`);
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  * Select the sound bank to use. To be used together with `s`. The bank name (+ "_") will be prepended to the value of `s`.
@@ -716,7 +877,7 @@ export const { coarse } = registerControl('coarse');
  * note("d d d# d".fast(4)).s("supersaw").tremolo("<3 2 100> ").tremoloskew("<.5>")
  *
  */
-export const { tremolo } = registerControl(['tremolo', 'tremolodepth', 'tremoloskew', 'tremolophase'], 'trem');
+export const { tremolo, trem } = registerControl(['tremolo', 'tremolodepth', 'tremoloskew', 'tremolophase'], 'trem');
 
 /**
  * Modulate the amplitude of a sound with a continuous waveform
@@ -1323,14 +1484,13 @@ export const { lpdepth } = registerControl('lpdepth');
  * Depth of the LFO for the lowpass filter, in HZ
  *
  * @name lpdepthfrequency
- * @synonyms
- * lpdethfreq
+ * @synonyms lpdepthfreq
  * @param {number | Pattern} depth depth of modulation
  * @example
  * note("<c c c# c c c4>*16").s("sawtooth").lpf(600).lpdepthfrequency("<200 500 100 0>")
  */
 
-export const { lpdepthfrequency } = registerControl('lpdepthfrequency', 'lpdepthfreq');
+export const { lpdepthfrequency, lpdepthfreq } = registerControl('lpdepthfrequency', 'lpdepthfreq');
 
 /**
  * Shape of the LFO for the lowpass filter
@@ -1384,14 +1544,13 @@ export const { bpdepth } = registerControl('bpdepth');
  * Depth of the LFO for the bandpass filter, in HZ
  *
  * @name bpdepthfrequency
- * @synonyms
- * bpdethfreq
+ * @synonyms bpdepthfreq
  * @param {number | Pattern} depth depth of modulation
  * @example
  * note("<c c c# c c c4>*16").s("sawtooth").lpf(600).bpdepthfrequency("<200 500 100 0>")
  */
 
-export const { bpdepthfrequency } = registerControl('bpdepthfrequency', 'bpdepthfreq');
+export const { bpdepthfrequency, bpdepthfreq } = registerControl('bpdepthfrequency', 'bpdepthfreq');
 
 /**
  * Shape of the LFO for the bandpass filter
@@ -1439,20 +1598,19 @@ export const { hpsync } = registerControl('hpsync');
  * @name hpdepth
  * @param {number | Pattern} depth depth of modulation
  */
-export const { hpdepth, hpdepthfreq } = registerControl('hpdepth');
+export const { hpdepth } = registerControl('hpdepth');
 
 /**
  * Depth of the LFO for the hipass filter, in hz
  *
  * @name hpdepthfrequency
- * @synonyms
- * hpdethfreq
+ * @synonyms hpdepthfreq
  * @param {number | Pattern} depth depth of modulation
  * @example
  * note("<c c c# c c c4>*16").s("sawtooth").lpf(600).hpdepthfrequency("<200 500 100 0>")
  */
 
-export const { hpdepthfrequency } = registerControl('hpdepthfrequency', 'hpdepthfreq');
+export const { hpdepthfrequency, hpdepthfreq } = registerControl('hpdepthfrequency', 'hpdepthfreq');
 
 /**
  * Shape of the LFO for the highpass filter
@@ -1887,6 +2045,28 @@ export const { octave, oct } = registerControl('octave', 'oct');
  * )
  */
 export const { orbit } = registerControl('orbit', 'o');
+
+/**
+ * A `bus` is a send which can be used for mixing patterns. It combines with..
+ *   s("bus") to play that bus through another pattern (for, say, applying non-linear
+ *   effects like distortion to multiple signals)
+ *
+ *   otherPat.bmod(..) (to modulate another pattern with the bus)
+ *
+ * @name bus
+ * @param {number | Pattern} number
+ */
+export const { bus } = registerControl('bus');
+
+/**
+ * Postgain multiplier prior to sending the signal to the audio bus.
+ *
+ * @name busgain
+ * @synonyms bgain
+ * @param {number | Pattern} number
+ */
+export const { busgain, bgain } = registerControl('busgain', 'bgain');
+
 // TODO: what is this? not found in tidal doc Answer: gain is limited to maximum of 2. This allows you to go over that
 export const { overgain } = registerControl('overgain');
 // TODO: what is this? not found in tidal doc. Similar to above, but limited to 1
@@ -1931,8 +2111,7 @@ export const { panorient } = registerControl('panorient');
 // ['pitch2'],
 // ['pitch3'],
 // ['portamento'],
-// TODO: LFO rate see https://tidalcycles.org/docs/patternlib/tutorials/synthesizers/#supersquare
-export const { rate } = registerControl('rate');
+
 // TODO: slide param for certain synths
 export const { slide } = registerControl('slide');
 // TODO: detune? https://tidalcycles.org/docs/patternlib/tutorials/synthesizers/#supersquare
@@ -2358,7 +2537,6 @@ export const { curve } = registerControl('curve');
 export const { deltaSlide } = registerControl('deltaSlide');
 export const { pitchJump } = registerControl('pitchJump');
 export const { pitchJumpTime } = registerControl('pitchJumpTime');
-export const { lfo, repeatTime } = registerControl('lfo', 'repeatTime');
 // noise on the frequency or as bubo calls it "frequency fog" :)
 export const { znoise } = registerControl('znoise');
 export const { zmod } = registerControl('zmod');
@@ -2596,8 +2774,13 @@ export const as = register('as', (mapping, pat) => {
   mapping = Array.isArray(mapping) ? mapping : [mapping];
   return pat.fmap((v) => {
     v = Array.isArray(v) ? v : [v];
-    v = Object.fromEntries(mapping.map((prop, i) => [getControlName(prop), v[i]]));
-    return v;
+    const entries = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < mapping.length; ++i) {
+      if (v[i] !== undefined) {
+        entries.push([getControlName(mapping[i]), v[i]]);
+      }
+    }
+    return Object.fromEntries(entries);
   });
 });
 
@@ -2629,3 +2812,267 @@ export const scrub = register(
   },
   false,
 );
+
+const subControlAliases = new Map();
+const registerSubControl = (control, subControl, ...aliases) => {
+  const aliasMap = subControlAliases.get(control) ?? new Map();
+  const allKeys = new Set([subControl, ...aliases]);
+  for (const alias of allKeys) {
+    aliasMap.set(String(alias).toLowerCase(), subControl);
+  }
+  subControlAliases.set(control, aliasMap);
+};
+
+const registerSubControls = (control, subControlAliases = []) => {
+  for (const [subControl, ...aliases] of subControlAliases) {
+    registerSubControl(control, subControl, ...aliases);
+  }
+};
+
+const getMainSubcontrolName = (control, subKey) => {
+  const aliasMap = subControlAliases.get(control);
+  if (!aliasMap) return subKey;
+  return aliasMap.get(String(subKey).toLowerCase()) ?? subKey;
+};
+
+registerSubControls('lfo', [
+  ['control', 'c'],
+  ['subControl', 'sc'],
+  ['rate', 'r'],
+  ['depth', 'dep', 'dr'],
+  ['depthabs', 'da'],
+  ['dcoffset', 'dc'],
+  ['shape', 'sh'],
+  ['skew', 'sk'],
+  ['curve', 'cu'],
+  ['sync', 's'],
+  ['fxi'],
+]);
+registerSubControls('env', [
+  ['control', 'c'],
+  ['subControl', 'sc'],
+  ['attack', 'att', 'a'],
+  ['decay', 'dec', 'd'],
+  ['sustain', 'sus', 's'],
+  ['release', 'rel', 'r'],
+  ['depth', 'dep', 'dr'],
+  ['depthabs', 'da'],
+  ['acurve', 'ac'],
+  ['dcurve', 'dc'],
+  ['rcurve', 'rc'],
+  ['fxi'],
+]);
+registerSubControls('bmod', [
+  ['bus', 'b'],
+  ['control', 'c'],
+  ['subControl', 'sc'],
+  ['depth', 'dep', 'dr'],
+  ['depthabs', 'da'],
+  ['dc'],
+  ['fxi'],
+]);
+
+Pattern.prototype.modulate = function (type, config, idPat) {
+  config = { control: undefined, ...config };
+  const modulatorKeys = ['lfo', 'env', 'bmod'];
+  if (!modulatorKeys.includes(type)) {
+    logger(`[core] Modulation type ${type} not found. Please use one of 'lfo', 'env', 'bmod'`);
+    return this;
+  }
+  let output = this;
+  let defaultValue = undefined;
+  // Copy value into a temporary `v` container and attach a single `id` (to be shared across
+  // each config entry). At the output we destructure and throw away the id
+  output = output.fmap((v) => (id) => ({ v, id })).appLeft(reify(idPat));
+  for (const [rawKey, value] of Object.entries(config)) {
+    const key = getMainSubcontrolName(type, rawKey);
+    const valuePat = reify(value);
+    output = output
+      .fmap(({ v, id }) => (c) => {
+        if (defaultValue === undefined) {
+          // default control to the control set just before this in the chain
+          // e.g. pat.gain(0.5).lfo({..}) will be a gain-LFO
+          let control = getControlName(Object.keys(v).at(-1));
+          if (modulatorKeys.includes(control)) {
+            control = `${control}_${[...v[control].__ids].at(-1)}`;
+          }
+          defaultValue = control;
+        }
+        v[type] ??= { __ids: new Set() };
+        const t = v[type];
+        id ??= t.__ids.size;
+        t[id] ??= { control: defaultValue };
+        t.__ids.add(id); // keeps track of insertion order
+        if (c === undefined) return { v, id };
+        if (key === 'control' || key === 'subControl') {
+          t[id][key] = getControlName(c);
+        } else {
+          t[id][key] = c;
+        }
+        return { v, id };
+      })
+      .appLeft(valuePat);
+  }
+  return output.fmap(({ v }) => v);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Configures an LFO. Can be called in sequence like pat.lfo(...).lfo(...) to set up multiple LFOs.
+ * There are two ways to declare which control will be modulated:
+ * 1. Explicitly put `control` in the config (e.g. `lfo({ c: "lpf" })`)
+ * 2. If the control parameter is absent, the control _immediately before_ the `lfo` call will be used
+ *   (e.g. `s("saw").lpf(500).lfo()` to modulate `lpf`)
+ *
+ * Modulators can be referred to by `id` so that they can be updated later e.g. inside
+ * a `sometimes`. See example below.
+ *
+ * @name lfo
+ * @param {Object} config LFO configuration.
+ * @param {string | Pattern} [config.control] Node to modulate. Aliases: c
+ * @param {string | Pattern} [config.subControl] Sub-control name to append to the control key. Aliases: sc
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.rate] Modulation rate. Aliases: r
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.depth] Relative modulation depth. Aliases: dep, dr
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.depthabs] Absolute modulation depth. Aliases: da
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.dcoffset] DC offset / bias for the waveform. Aliases: dc
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.shape] Shape index. Aliases: sh
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.skew] Skew amount. Aliases: sk
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.curve] Exponential curve amount. Aliases: cu
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.sync] Tempo-synced modulation rate. Aliases: s
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.fxi] FX index to target
+ * @param {string | Pattern} id ID to use for this modulator
+ * @returns Pattern
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("saw").note("F1").lpf(500).lfo()
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("saw").lfo().lpf(500).lfo({ s: 0.3 })
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("saw").lpf(500).diode(0.3)
+ *   .lfo({ c: "lpf" })
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("pulse").lpf(500).lfo()
+ *   .lfo({ c: "s" })
+ *   .diode(0.3)
+ *   .sometimes(x => x.lfo({ s: "8" }, 1)) // lfo #1 (0-indexed)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("pulse").lpf(500).lfo({ depth: 4 }, 'lpf_mod')
+ *   .lfo({ c: "s" })
+ *   .diode(0.3)
+ *   .sometimes(x => x.lfo({ s: "8" }, 'lpf_mod'))
+ */
+Pattern.prototype.lfo = function (config, id) {
+  return this.modulate('lfo', config, id);
+};
+export const lfo = (config) => pure({}).lfo(config);
+
+/**
+ * Configures an envelope. Can be called in sequence like pat.env(...).env(...) to set up multiple envelopes
+ * There are two ways to declare which control will be modulated:
+ * 1. Explicitly put `control` in the config (e.g. `env({ c: "lpf" })`)
+ * 2. If the control parameter is absent, the control _immediately before_ the `env` call will be used
+ *   (e.g. `s("saw").lpf(500).env({ a: 1 })` to modulate `lpf`)
+ *
+ * Modulators can be referred to by `id` so that they can be updated later e.g. inside
+ * a `sometimes`. See example below.
+ *
+ * @name env
+ * @param {Object} config Envelope configuration.
+ * @param {string | Pattern} [config.control] Node to modulate. Aliases: c
+ * @param {string | Pattern} [config.subControl] Sub-control name to append to the control key. Aliases: sc
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.depth] Relative modulation depth. Aliases: dep, dr
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.depthabs] Absolute modulation depth. Aliases: da
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.attack] Time to reach depth. Aliases: att, a
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.decay] Time to reach sustain. Aliases: dec, d
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.sustain] Sustain depth. Aliases: sus, s
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.release] Time to return to nominal value. Aliases: rel, r
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.acurve] Snappiness of attack curve (-1 = relaxed, 1 = snappy). Aliases: ac
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.dcurve] Snappiness of decay curve (-1 = relaxed, 1 = snappy). Aliases: dc
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.rcurve] Snappiness of release curve (-1 = relaxed, 1 = snappy). Aliases: rc
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.fxi] FX index to target
+ * @param {string | Pattern} id ID to use for this modulator
+ * @returns Pattern
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("saw").note("F1").lpf(500).env({ a: 1 })
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("saw").env({ d: 1 }).note("F1")
+ *   .lpq(4).lpf(50)
+ *   .env({ a: 0.1, d: 1, ac: 0.8, dc: 0.3, depth: 50 })
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("saw").lpf(500).diode(0.3)
+ *   .env({ c: "lpf", a: 0.5, d: 0.5 })
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("pulse").lpf(500).env({ a: 1 })
+ *   .env({ c: "s", a: 1 })
+ *   .diode(0.3)
+ *   .sometimes(x => x.env({ a: "0.5" }, 1)) // envelope #1 (0-indexed)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * s("pulse").lpf(500).env({ a: 1 }, 'lpf_mod')
+ *   .env({ c: "s", a: 1 })
+ *   .diode(0.3)
+ *   .sometimes(x => x.env({ a: "0.5" }, 'lpf_mod'))
+ */
+Pattern.prototype.env = function (config, id) {
+  return this.modulate('env', config, id);
+};
+export const env = (config) => pure({}).env(config);
+
+/**
+ * Modulates with the output from a given `bus`.
+ * Can be called in sequence like pat.bmod(...).bmod(...) to set up multiple modulators
+ *
+ * Send to an audio bus with `otherPat.bus(..)`.
+ *
+ * There are two ways to declare which control will be modulated:
+ * 1. Explicitly put `control` in the config (e.g. `bmod({ id: 2, c: "lpf" })`)
+ * 2. If the control parameter is absent, the control _immediately before_ the `bmod` call will be used
+ *   (e.g. `s("saw").lpf(500).bmod({ id: 2 })` to modulate `lpf`)
+ *
+ * Modulators can be referred to by `id` so that they can be updated later e.g. inside
+ * a `sometimes`. See example below.
+ *
+ * @name bmod
+ * @param {Object} config Bus modulation configuration.
+ * @param {string | Pattern} [config.bus] Bus to get modulation signal from
+ * @param {string | Pattern} [config.control] Node to modulate. Aliases: c
+ * @param {string | Pattern} [config.subControl] Sub-control name to append to the control key. Aliases: sc
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.depth] Relative modulation depth. Aliases: dep, dr
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.depthabs] Absolute modulation depth. Aliases: da
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.dc] DC offset prior to application
+ * @param {number | Pattern} [config.fxi] FX index to target
+ * @param {string | Pattern} id ID to use for this modulator
+ * @returns Pattern
+ *
+ * @example
+ * modulator: s("one").seg(64).gain(slider(0, 0, 1)).bus(1).dry(0)
+ * carrier: s("saw").bmod({ b: 1 })
+ *
+ */
+Pattern.prototype.bmod = function (config, id) {
+  return this.modulate('bmod', config, id);
+};
+export const bmod = (config) => pure({}).bmod(config);
+
+/**
+ * Transient shaper. Gives independent control over the emphasis on transients
+ * and sustains
+ *
+ * @name transient
+ * @param {number | Pattern} attack Emphasis on transients; between -1 (deaccentuate) and 1 (accentuate)
+ * @param {number | Pattern} sustain Emphasis on the sustains; between -1 (deaccentuate) and 1 (accentuate)
+ * @example
+ * s("bd").transient("<-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1>")
+ * @example
+ * s("hh*16").bank("tr909").transient("<-1:1 1:-1>")
+ */
+export const { transient } = registerControl(['transient', 'transsustain']);
+
+export const { FXrelease, FXrel, FXr, fxr } = registerControl('FXrelease', 'FXrel', 'FXr', 'fxr');

packages/core/impure.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+stateful.mjs - File of shame for stateful, impure and otherwise illegal pattern methods
+Copyright (C) 2025 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/core/index.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+import { register, reify, Pattern } from './pattern.mjs';
+
+let timelines = {};
+
+export const reset_state = function () {
+  reset_timelines();
+};
+
+export const reset_timelines = function () {
+  timelines = {};
+};
+
+/***
+ * Allows you to switch a pattern between different 'timelines'. This is particularly useful when
+ * live coding, for example when you want to cue a pattern up to play from its start.
+ *
+ * Timelines are specified by number, so that if you had a pattern like
+ * `n("<0 1 2 3>").s("num").timeline(1)` playing, then changed the '1'
+ * to '2', it would always align '0' to the nearest cycle. You will likely want to trigger
+ * an evaluation a little bit before the cycle starts, to avoid missing events.
+ *
+ * After the first use, a timeline will continue with the same 'offset'. That is, if you change
+ * a pattern without changing its timeline number, it will stay on that timeline without resetting.
+ *
+ * Rather than incrementing a timeline to reset it, it's easier to negate it, e.g. by switching between `-2`
+ * and `2`. This is because when you negate a timeline it will always reset.
+ *
+ * You can also pattern the timeline if you want, to create strange resetting patterns.
+ * @param {number | Pattern} timeline The timeline that the pattern should play on.
+ * @example
+ * n("<0 1 2 3>(3,8)")
+ *   .sound("num")
+ *   // resets the timeline every two cycles, by negating the timeline.
+ *   // in a lot of cases this will be edited by a human live coder
+ *   // rather than patterned!
+ *   .timeline("<2 -2>".slow(2))
+ */
+
+export const timeline = register(
+  'timeline',
+  function (tpat, pat) {
+    tpat = reify(tpat);
+    const f = function (state) {
+      // Is this called from the scheduler? (rather than from e.g. the visualiser)
+      const scheduler = !!state.controls.cyclist;
+      const timehaps = tpat.query(state);
+      const result = [];
+      for (const timehap of timehaps) {
+        const tlid = timehap.value;
+        let offset;
+        if (tlid === 0) {
+          offset = 0;
+        } else if (tlid in timelines) {
+          offset = timelines[tlid];
+        } else {
+          const timearc = timehap.wholeOrPart();
+          if (!scheduler || state.span.begin.lt(timearc.midpoint())) {
+            offset = timearc.begin;
+          } else {
+            // Sync to end of timearc if we first see it over halfway into its
+            // timespan. Allows 'cuing up' next timeline when live coding.
+            offset = timearc.end;
+          }
+        }
+        if (scheduler) {
+          // update state
+          timelines[tlid] = offset;
+          if (tlid !== 0) {
+            delete timelines[-tlid];
+          }
+        }
+
+        const pathaps = pat
+          .late(offset)
+          .query(state.setSpan(timehap.part))
+          .map((h) => h.setContext(h.combineContext(timehap)));
+        result.push(...pathaps);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+    return new Pattern(f, pat._steps);
+  },
+  false,
+);

packages/core/index.mjs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
 index.mjs - <short description TODO>
-Copyright (C) 2022 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/core/index.mjs>
+Copyright (C) 2025 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/core/index.mjs>
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
@@ -11,20 +11,21 @@ import createClock from './zyklus.mjs';
 import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
 export { Fraction, controls, createClock };
 export * from './controls.mjs';
-export * from './hap.mjs';
-export * from './pattern.mjs';
-export * from './signal.mjs';
-export * from './pick.mjs';
-export * from './state.mjs';
-export * from './timespan.mjs';
-export * from './util.mjs';
-export * from './speak.mjs';
-export * from './evaluate.mjs';
-export * from './repl.mjs';
 export * from './cyclist.mjs';
+export * from './evaluate.mjs';
+export * from './hap.mjs';
+export * from './impure.mjs';
 export * from './logger.mjs';
-export * from './time.mjs';
+export * from './pattern.mjs';
+export * from './pick.mjs';
+export * from './repl.mjs';
+export * from './signal.mjs';
+export * from './speak.mjs';
+export * from './state.mjs';
+export * from './schedulerState.mjs';
+export * from './timespan.mjs';
 export * from './ui.mjs';
+export * from './util.mjs';
 export { default as drawLine } from './drawLine.mjs';
 // below won't work with runtime.mjs (json import fails)
 /* import * as p from './package.json';

packages/core/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/core",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Port of Tidal Cycles to JavaScript",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://strudel.cc",
   "dependencies": {
+    "@kabelsalat/web": "^0.4.1",
     "fraction.js": "^5.2.1"
   },
   "gitHead": "0e26d4e741500f5bae35b023608f062a794905c2",

packages/core/pattern.mjs

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ import {
   stringifyValues,
 } from './util.mjs';
 import drawLine from './drawLine.mjs';
-import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
+import { errorLogger, logger } from './logger.mjs';
+import { strudelScope } from './evaluate.mjs';
 
 let stringParser;
 
@@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ export class Pattern {
     try {
       return this.query(new State(new TimeSpan(begin, end), controls));
     } catch (err) {
-      logger(`[query]: ${err.message}`, 'error');
+      errorLogger(err, 'query');
       return [];
     }
   }
@@ -574,7 +575,8 @@ export class Pattern {
    * Returns a new Pattern, which only returns haps that meet the given test.
    * @param {Function} hap_test - a function which returns false for haps to be removed from the pattern
    * @returns Pattern
-   * @noAutocomplete
+   * @example
+   * s("bd*8").velocity(rand).filterHaps((h) => (h.whole.begin % 1) < h.value.velocity)
    */
   filterHaps(hap_test) {
     return new Pattern((state) => this.query(state).filter(hap_test));
@@ -585,7 +587,11 @@ export class Pattern {
    * inside haps.
    * @param {Function} value_test
    * @returns Pattern
-   * @noAutocomplete
+   * @example
+   * const drums = s("bd sd bd sd")
+   * kick: drums.filterValues((v) => v.s === 'bd').duck(2)
+   * snare: drums.filterValues((v) => v.s === 'sd')
+   * bass: s("saw!4").note("G#1").lpf(80).lpenv(4).orbit(2)
    */
   filterValues(value_test) {
     return new Pattern((state) => this.query(state).filter((hap) => value_test(hap.value))).setSteps(this._steps);
@@ -1587,7 +1593,13 @@ export const func = curry((a, b) => reify(b).func(a));
  *
  * @param {string | string[]} name name of the function, or an array of names to be used as synonyms
  * @param {function} func function with 1 or more params, where last is the current pattern
- * @noAutocomplete
+ * @param {bool} patternify defaults to true; if set to false, you will have more control over the arguments to `func` as they will be
+ *   in their raw form and it will be up to you to patternify them and/or query them for values
+ * @example
+ * const vlpf = register('vlpf', (freq, pat) => {
+ *   return pat.fmap((v) => ({...v, cutoff: freq * (v.velocity ?? 1) }));
+ * })
+ * s("saw").seg(8).velocity(rand).vlpf(800)
  *
  */
 export function register(name, func, patternify = true, preserveSteps = false, join = (x) => x.innerJoin()) {
@@ -1672,7 +1684,9 @@ export function register(name, func, patternify = true, preserveSteps = false, j
 
   // toplevel functions get curried as well as patternified
   // because pfunc uses spread args, we need to state the arity explicitly!
-  return curry(pfunc, null, arity);
+  const curried = curry(pfunc, null, arity);
+  strudelScope[name] = curried;
+  return curried;
 }
 
 // Like register, but defaults to stepJoin
@@ -2234,7 +2248,7 @@ export const brak = register('brak', function (pat) {
 });
 
 /**
- * Reverse all haps in a pattern
+ * Reverse all cycles in a pattern. See also `revv` for reversing a whole pattern.
  *
  * @name rev
  * @memberof Pattern
@@ -2266,6 +2280,23 @@ export const rev = register(
   true,
 );
 
+/**
+ * Reverse a whole pattern. See also `rev` for reversing each cycle.
+ *
+ * @name revv
+ * @memberof Pattern
+ * @returns Pattern
+ * @example
+ * // This is the same as `<[g e] [d c]>`. If `rev()` is used, you get
+ * // the same as `<[d c] [g e]>`, where each cycle reverses, but the order of
+ * // cycles stays the same.
+ * note("<[c d] [e g]>").revv()
+ */
+export const revv = register('revv', function (pat) {
+  const negateSpan = (span) => new TimeSpan(Fraction(0).sub(span.end), Fraction(0).sub(span.begin));
+  return pat.withQuerySpan(negateSpan).withHapSpan(negateSpan);
+});
+
 /** Like press, but allows you to specify the amount by which each
  * event is shifted. pressBy(0.5) is the same as press, while
  * pressBy(1/3) shifts each event by a third of its timespan.
@@ -2659,8 +2690,13 @@ export const hsl = register('hsl', (h, s, l, pat) => {
 /**
  * Tags each Hap with an identifier. Good for filtering. The function populates Hap.context.tags (Array).
  * @name tag
- * @noAutocomplete
  * @param {string} tag anything unique
+ * @example
+ * s("saw!16").note("F1")
+ *   .lpf(tri.range(40, 80).slow(4)).lpenv(5).lpq(4).lpd(0.15)
+ *   .when(rand.late(0.1).gte(0.5), x => x.transpose("12").tag('altered'))
+ *   .when(rand.late(0.2).gte(0.5), x => x.s("square").tag('altered'))
+ *   .when("<0 1>", x => x.filter((hap) => hap.hasTag('altered')))
  */
 Pattern.prototype.tag = function (tag) {
   return this.withContext((ctx) => ({ ...ctx, tags: (ctx.tags || []).concat([tag]) }));
@@ -2671,15 +2707,16 @@ Pattern.prototype.tag = function (tag) {
  * @name filter
  * @param {Function} test function to test Hap
  * @example
- * s("hh!7 oh").filter(hap => hap.value.s==='hh')
+ * s("hh!7 oh").filter(hap => hap.value.s === 'hh')
  */
 export const filter = register('filter', (test, pat) => pat.withHaps((haps) => haps.filter(test)));
 
 /**
  * Filters haps by their begin time
  * @name filterWhen
- * @noAutocomplete
  * @param {Function} test function to test Hap.whole.begin
+ * @example
+ * oneCycle: s("bd*4").filterWhen((t) => t < 1)
  */
 export const filterWhen = register('filterWhen', (test, pat) => pat.filter((h) => test(h.whole.begin)));
 
@@ -3552,6 +3589,20 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
   return frompat.innerBind((from) => topat.innerBind((to) => bypat.innerBind((by) => _morph(from, to, by))));
 };
 
+const _distortWithAlg = function (name) {
+  const func = function (args, pat) {
+    const argsPat = reify(args).fmap((v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? [...v, name] : [v, 1, name]));
+    if (!pat) {
+      return pure({}).distort(argsPat);
+    }
+    return pat.distort(argsPat);
+  };
+  Pattern.prototype[name] = function (args) {
+    return func(args, this);
+  };
+  return func;
+};
+
 /**
  * Soft-clipping distortion
  *
@@ -3560,6 +3611,8 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
+export const soft = _distortWithAlg('soft');
+
 /**
  * Hard-clipping distortion
  *
@@ -3568,6 +3621,8 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
+export const hard = _distortWithAlg('hard');
+
 /**
  * Cubic polynomial distortion
  *
@@ -3576,6 +3631,8 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
+export const cubic = _distortWithAlg('cubic');
+
 /**
  * Diode-emulating distortion
  *
@@ -3584,6 +3641,8 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
+export const diode = _distortWithAlg('diode');
+
 /**
  * Asymmetrical diode distortion
  *
@@ -3592,6 +3651,8 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
+export const asym = _distortWithAlg('asym');
+
 /**
  * Wavefolding distortion
  *
@@ -3600,6 +3661,8 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
+export const fold = _distortWithAlg('fold');
+
 /**
  * Wavefolding distortion composed with sinusoid
  *
@@ -3608,6 +3671,8 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
+export const sinefold = _distortWithAlg('sinefold');
+
 /**
  * Distortion via Chebyshev polynomials
  *
@@ -3616,14 +3681,7 @@ export const morph = (frompat, topat, bypat) => {
  * @param {number | Pattern} volume linear postgain of the distortion
  *
  */
-const distAlgoNames = ['scurve', 'soft', 'hard', 'cubic', 'diode', 'asym', 'fold', 'sinefold', 'chebyshev'];
-for (const name of distAlgoNames) {
-  // Add aliases for distortion algorithms
-  Pattern.prototype[name] = function (args) {
-    const argsPat = reify(args).fmap((v) => (Array.isArray(v) ? [...v, name] : [v, 1, name]));
-    return this.distort(argsPat);
-  };
-}
+export const chebyshev = _distortWithAlg('chebyshev');
 
 /**
  * Turns a list of patterns into a single pattern which outputs list-values
@@ -3687,3 +3745,115 @@ Pattern.prototype.phases = function (list) {
 export const phases = (list) => {
   return _ensureListPattern(list).as('phases');
 };
+
+/**
+ * Establishes an FX chain. Can be called by chaining .FX(fx1).FX(fx2)..
+ * calls and/or in a single .FX(fx1, fx2, ..) call. The fx1, .. are _patterns_ which
+ * establish the controls of the given effect. See examples.
+ * @name FX
+ * @memberof Pattern
+ * @returns Pattern
+ * @example
+ * $: s("[sbd <hh [bd | lt | oh]>]*4").dec(.4)
+ *   .FX(
+ *     phaser(0.5).gain(2),
+ *     bpf(800),
+ *     distort(1.3),
+ *     room(0.2),
+ *     delay(0.5).gain(1.25),
+ *     distort(0.3),
+ *   ).fxr(1.7) // sets release time of effects (like delay)
+ * @example
+ * $: s("saw").fm(0.5)
+ *   .delay(0.3) // outer effects are applied *last*
+ *   .FX(coarse(4)) // first coarse
+ *   .FX(lpf(500).lpe(4).lpa(1).lpd(2)) // then lpf
+ *   .FX(distort(1)) // then distort
+ */
+Pattern.prototype.FX = function (...effects) {
+  effects = effects.map(reify);
+  return this.withValue((v) => (vEff) => {
+    const currFX = v.FX ?? [];
+    return { ...v, FX: currFX.concat(vEff) };
+  }).appLeft(parray(effects));
+};
+
+const _asArrayPattern = (pats) => {
+  const pack = (...xs) => xs;
+  let acc = pure(curry(pack, null, pats.length));
+  for (const p of pats) acc = acc.appLeft(p);
+  return acc;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Produces a [Kabelsalat](https://kabel.salat.dev/) modular sound engine.
+ * This can be used as either an effect (by including `audioin()` at the beginning
+ * of your kabel expression) or as a sound source (via any expression which doesn't
+ * start with `audioin()`).
+ *
+ * Some helpers you have available to you:
+ *   * Strudel mini notation works fine in K(..) via "" or ``
+ *   * More complex Strudel expressions (like "0 1 2".fast(4) or irand(24)) can be
+ *     written by wrapping them in `S(..)` inside your Kabel code
+ *   * We expose Strudel's note frequency under `sFreq` and Strudel's gate
+ *     information under `sGate`
+ *   * You can use more complex multi-line expressions (like `let x = a; let y = b; x.lpf(y);`)
+ *     by wrapping them inside a function in K (see example).
+ *
+ * @name K
+ * @param {KabelsalatExpression | Function} expr Kabelsalat graph definition
+ * @memberof Pattern
+ * @returns Pattern
+ *
+ * @example
+ * note("A c e".fast(4)).transpose("<0 2 4 6 8>")
+ *   .scale("F:minor").transpose("12")
+ *   .s("saw")
+ *   .K(
+ *     // audioin().mul(sGate.adsr(0.001, 0.3, 0, 0.2)) // as effect
+ *     saw(saw(sFreq / "2!3 16").mul(8).add(sFreq).lag("0!3 0.1")).mul(0.3) // as source
+ *     .mul(sGate.adsr(0, 0.15, 0.5, "0.1!3 1"))
+ *     .lpf(sGate.adsr(0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2).mul(1).add(0))
+ *     .add(x => x.delay(S("0.3 0.2".fast(2))).mul(0.7))
+ *     .add(x => x.delay("0.03 [0.08 0.01] 0.01 0.013").mul(0.77)).mul(0.7)
+ *     .add(x => x.delay(.13).mul(0.7))
+ *     .out()
+ *   )
+ *
+ * @example
+ * n("<0 1 <2 3 2 4>>*16")
+ *   .scale("G#2:minor").sometimes(x => x.transpose("12 | 24"))
+ *   .K(() => {
+ *     const att = S(rand.range(0, 0.05))
+ *     const dec = S(rand.range(0.05, 0.2))
+ *     let f = n(sFreq);
+ *     const mod = sine(f).mul("0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3")
+ *       .add("[[1.5 1] | 1 | 2 | 4 | [6 4@3]]*2")
+ *     saw(f.mul(mod))
+ *     .mul(sGate.ad(att, dec))
+ *     .add(x => x.delay(0.4).mul(0.3))
+ *     .out()
+ *   }).fxr(1).room(0.3)
+ */
+/**
+ * Creates a worklet effect. Typically derived by writing K(...) in the REPL which will parse
+ * Kabelsalat code.
+ *
+ * @name worklet
+ * @param {string} src Source code of the worklet update function
+ * @param {...number | ...Pattern} inputs Worklet inputs
+ * @memberof Pattern
+ * @returns Pattern
+ * @noAutocomplete
+ */
+Pattern.prototype.worklet = function (src, ...inputs) {
+  inputs = inputs.map(reify);
+  return this.outerBind((v) => {
+    return _asArrayPattern(inputs).withValue((vInput) => {
+      const currInputs = v.workletInputs ?? [];
+      return { ...v, workletSrc: src, workletInputs: currInputs.concat(vInput) };
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+export const worklet = (...args) => pure({}).worklet(...args);

packages/core/repl.mjs

@@ -2,9 +2,17 @@ import { NeoCyclist } from './neocyclist.mjs';
 import { Cyclist } from './cyclist.mjs';
 import { evaluate as _evaluate } from './evaluate.mjs';
 import { errorLogger, logger } from './logger.mjs';
-import { setTime } from './time.mjs';
+import {
+  setCpsFunc,
+  setIsStarted,
+  setPattern as exposeSchedulerPattern,
+  setTime,
+  setTriggerFunc,
+} from './schedulerState.mjs';
 import { evalScope } from './evaluate.mjs';
 import { register, Pattern, isPattern, silence, stack } from './pattern.mjs';
+import { reset_state } from './impure.mjs';
+import { SalatRepl } from '@kabelsalat/web';
 
 export function repl({
   defaultOutput,
@@ -23,6 +31,7 @@ export function repl({
   id,
   mondo = false,
 }) {
+  const kabel = new SalatRepl({ localScope: true });
   const state = {
     schedulerError: undefined,
     evalError: undefined,
@@ -51,7 +60,11 @@ export function repl({
     getTime,
     onToggle: (started) => {
       updateState({ started });
+      setIsStarted(started);
       onToggle?.(started);
+      if (!started) {
+        reset_state();
+      }
     },
     setInterval,
     clearInterval,
@@ -61,6 +74,8 @@ export function repl({
   // NeoCyclist uses a shared worker to communicate between instances, which is not supported on mobile chrome
   const scheduler =
     sync && typeof SharedWorker != 'undefined' ? new NeoCyclist(schedulerOptions) : new Cyclist(schedulerOptions);
+  setTriggerFunc(schedulerOptions.onTrigger);
+  setCpsFunc(() => scheduler.cps);
   let pPatterns = {};
   let anonymousIndex = 0;
   let allTransform;
@@ -74,6 +89,11 @@ export function repl({
     return silence;
   };
 
+  const compileKabel = (code) => {
+    const node = kabel.evaluate(code);
+    return node.compile({ log: false });
+  };
+
   // helper to get a patternified pure value out
   function unpure(pat) {
     if (pat._Pattern) {
@@ -85,6 +105,7 @@ export function repl({
   const setPattern = async (pattern, autostart = true) => {
     pattern = editPattern?.(pattern) || pattern;
     await scheduler.setPattern(pattern, autostart);
+    exposeSchedulerPattern(pattern);
     return pattern;
   };
   setTime(() => scheduler.now()); // TODO: refactor?
@@ -194,6 +215,7 @@ export function repl({
       setcps: setCps,
       setCpm,
       setcpm: setCpm,
+      compileKabel,
     });
   };
 
@@ -244,8 +266,7 @@ export function repl({
       }
 
       if (!isPattern(pattern)) {
-        const message = `got "${typeof evaluated}" instead of pattern`;
-        throw new Error(message + (typeof evaluated === 'function' ? ', did you forget to call a function?' : '.'));
+        pattern = silence;
       }
       logger(`[eval] code updated`);
       pattern = await setPattern(pattern, autostart);

packages/core/schedulerState.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+schedulerState.mjs - Module to pipe out various parameters from the scheduler for global consumption
+Copyright (C) 2026 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/core/schedulerState.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+let time;
+let cpsFunc;
+let pattern;
+let triggerFunc;
+let isStarted;
+export function getTime() {
+  if (!time) {
+    throw new Error('no time set! use setTime to define a time source');
+  }
+  return time();
+}
+
+export function setTime(func) {
+  time = func;
+}
+
+export function setCpsFunc(func) {
+  cpsFunc = func;
+}
+
+export function getCps() {
+  return cpsFunc?.();
+}
+
+export function setPattern(pat) {
+  pattern = pat;
+}
+
+export function getPattern() {
+  return pattern;
+}
+
+export function setTriggerFunc(func) {
+  triggerFunc = func;
+}
+
+export function getTriggerFunc() {
+  return triggerFunc;
+}
+
+export function setIsStarted(val) {
+  isStarted = !!val;
+}
+
+export function getIsStarted() {
+  return isStarted;
+}

packages/core/signal.mjs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export function steady(value) {
 }
 
 export const signal = (func) => {
-  const query = (state) => [new Hap(undefined, state.span, func(state.span.begin))];
+  const query = (state) => [new Hap(undefined, state.span, func(state.span.begin, state.controls))];
   return new Pattern(query);
 };
 
@@ -186,38 +186,97 @@ export const mouseY = signal(() => _mouseY);
 export const mousex = signal(() => _mouseX);
 export const mouseX = signal(() => _mouseX);
 
-// random signals
+// Random number generators
 
-const xorwise = (x) => {
+// Produce "Avalanche effect" where flipping a single bit of x
+// results in all output bits flipping with probability 0.5
+// See e.g. https://github.com/aappleby/smhasher/blob/0ff96f7835817a27d0487325b6c16033e2992eb5/src/MurmurHash3.cpp#L68-L77
+const _murmurHashFinalizer = (x) => {
+  x |= 0;
+  x ^= x >>> 16;
+  x = Math.imul(x, 0x85ebca6b);
+  x ^= x >>> 13;
+  x = Math.imul(x, 0xc2b2ae35);
+  x ^= x >>> 16;
+  return x >>> 0; // unsigned
+};
+
+// Convert t to a 32 bit integer, preserving temporal resolution down to 1/2^29
+const _tToT = (t) => {
+  return Math.floor(t * 536870912);
+};
+
+// Used to decorrelate nearby T, i, and seed prior to hashing
+const _decorrelate = (T, i = 0, seed = 0) => {
+  const lowBits = (T >>> 0) >>> 0;
+  const highBits = Math.floor(T / 4294967296) >>> 0; // 2^32
+  let key = lowBits ^ Math.imul(highBits ^ 0x85ebca6b, 0xc2b2ae35);
+  key ^= Math.imul(i ^ 0x7f4a7c15, 0x9e3779b9);
+  key ^= Math.imul(seed ^ 0x165667b1, 0x27d4eb2d);
+  return key >>> 0;
+};
+
+const randAt = (T, i = 0, seed = 0) => {
+  return _murmurHashFinalizer(_decorrelate(T, i, seed)) / 4294967296; // 2^32
+};
+
+// n samples at time t
+const timeToRands = (t, n, seed = 0) => {
+  const T = _tToT(t);
+  if (n === 1) {
+    return randAt(T, 0, seed);
+  }
+  const out = new Array(n);
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) out[i] = randAt(T, i, seed);
+  return out;
+};
+
+// Old random signals. Currently the default, but can also be chosen via
+// `useRNG('legacy')`
+
+// stretch 300 cycles over the range of [0,2**29 == 536870912) then apply the xorshift algorithm
+const __xorwise = (x) => {
   const a = (x << 13) ^ x;
   const b = (a >> 17) ^ a;
   return (b << 5) ^ b;
 };
-
-// stretch 300 cycles over the range of [0,2**29 == 536870912) then apply the xorshift algorithm
-const _frac = (x) => x - Math.trunc(x);
-
-const timeToIntSeed = (x) => xorwise(Math.trunc(_frac(x / 300) * 536870912));
-
-const intSeedToRand = (x) => (x % 536870912) / 536870912;
-
-const timeToRand = (x) => Math.abs(intSeedToRand(timeToIntSeed(x)));
-
-const timeToRandsPrime = (seed, n) => {
+const __frac = (x) => x - Math.trunc(x);
+const __timeToIntSeed = (x) => __xorwise(Math.trunc(__frac(x / 300) * 536870912));
+const __intSeedToRand = (x) => (x % 536870912) / 536870912;
+const __timeToRandsPrime = (seed, n) => {
+  if (n === 1) {
+    return Math.abs(__intSeedToRand(seed));
+  }
   const result = [];
-  // eslint-disable-next-line
-  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-    result.push(intSeedToRand(seed));
-    seed = xorwise(seed);
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    result.push(__intSeedToRand(seed));
+    seed = __xorwise(seed);
   }
   return result;
 };
+const __timeToRands = (t, n) => __timeToRandsPrime(__timeToIntSeed(t), n);
 
-const timeToRands = (t, n) => timeToRandsPrime(timeToIntSeed(t), n);
+// End old random
+
+let RNG_MODE = 'legacy';
+export const getRandsAtTime = (t, n = 1, seed = 0) => {
+  return RNG_MODE === 'legacy' ? __timeToRands(t + seed, n) : timeToRands(t, n, seed);
+};
 
 /**
+ * Sets which random number generator to use. Historically Strudel would
+ * use `useRNG('legacy')`, which remains the default. To use a new more statistically
+ * precise RNG, try `useRNG('precise')`.
  *
+ * @name useRNG
+ * @param {string} mod - Mode. One of 'legacy', 'precise'
+ * @example
+ * useRNG('legacy')
+ * // Repeats every 300 cycles
+ * $: n(irand(50)).seg(16).scale("C:minor").ribbon(88, 32)
+ * $: n(irand(50)).seg(16).scale("C:minor").ribbon(388, 32)
  */
+export const useRNG = (mode = 'legacy') => (RNG_MODE = mode);
 
 /**
  * A discrete pattern of numbers from 0 to n-1
@@ -300,13 +359,13 @@ export const binaryNL = (n, nBits = 16) => {
  *   .partials(randL(8))
  */
 export const randL = (n) => {
-  return signal((t) => (nVal) => timeToRands(t, nVal).map(Math.abs)).appLeft(reify(n));
+  return signal((t) => (nVal) => getRandsAtTime(t, nVal).map(Math.abs)).appLeft(reify(n));
 };
 
 export const randrun = (n) => {
-  return signal((t) => {
+  return signal((t, controls) => {
     // Without adding 0.5, the first cycle is always 0,1,2,3,...
-    const rands = timeToRands(t.floor().add(0.5), n);
+    const rands = getRandsAtTime(t.floor().add(0.5), n, controls.randSeed);
     const nums = rands
       .map((n, i) => [n, i])
       .sort((a, b) => (a[0] > b[0]) - (a[0] < b[0]))
@@ -347,6 +406,37 @@ export const scramble = register('scramble', (n, pat) => {
   return _rearrangeWith(_irand(n)._segment(n), n, pat);
 });
 
+/**
+ * Modify a pattern by applying a function to the `randomSeed` control if present
+ *
+ * @param {Function} func Function from seed (or undefined) to seed (or undefined)
+ * @param {Pattern} pat Pattern to update
+ * @returns Pattern
+ */
+export const withSeed = (func, pat) => {
+  return new Pattern((state) => {
+    let { randSeed, ...controls } = state.controls;
+    randSeed = func(randSeed);
+    return pat.query(state.setControls({ ...controls, randSeed }));
+  }, pat._steps);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Change the seed for random signals. Normally, random signals depend on time,
+ * so two patterns at the same time will have the same random values. Specifying
+ * a new seed changes the signal output by `rand`. This also affects other functions
+ * that use randomness, like `shuffle` and `sometimes`.
+ *
+ * @name seed
+ * @param {number} n A new seed. Can be any number.
+ * @example
+ * $: s("hh*4").degrade();
+ * $: s("bd*4").degrade().seed(1); // Will degrade different events from the hi-hat
+ */
+export const seed = register('seed', (n, pat) => {
+  return withSeed(() => n, pat);
+});
+
 /**
  * A continuous pattern of random numbers, between 0 and 1.
  *
@@ -356,7 +446,7 @@ export const scramble = register('scramble', (n, pat) => {
  * s("bd*4,hh*8").cutoff(rand.range(500,8000))
  *
  */
-export const rand = signal(timeToRand);
+export const rand = signal((t, controls) => getRandsAtTime(t, 1, controls.randSeed));
 /**
  * A continuous pattern of random numbers, between -1 and 1
  */
@@ -533,36 +623,32 @@ export const wchooseCycles = (...pairs) => _wchooseWith(rand.segment(1), ...pair
 
 export const wrandcat = wchooseCycles;
 
-function _perlin(t) {
+function _perlin(t, seed = 0) {
   let ta = Math.floor(t);
   let tb = ta + 1;
   const smootherStep = (x) => 6.0 * x ** 5 - 15.0 * x ** 4 + 10.0 * x ** 3;
   const interp = (x) => (a) => (b) => a + smootherStep(x) * (b - a);
-  const v = interp(t - ta)(timeToRand(ta))(timeToRand(tb));
+  const ra = getRandsAtTime(ta, 1, seed);
+  const rb = getRandsAtTime(tb, 1, seed);
+  const v = interp(t - ta)(ra)(rb);
   return v;
 }
-export const perlinWith = (tpat) => {
-  return tpat.fmap(_perlin);
-};
 
-function _berlin(t) {
+function _berlin(t, seed = 0) {
   const prevRidgeStartIndex = Math.floor(t);
   const nextRidgeStartIndex = prevRidgeStartIndex + 1;
 
-  const prevRidgeBottomPoint = timeToRand(prevRidgeStartIndex);
-  const nextRidgeTopPoint = timeToRand(nextRidgeStartIndex) + prevRidgeBottomPoint;
+  const prevRidgeBottomPoint = getRandsAtTime(prevRidgeStartIndex, 1, seed);
+  const height = getRandsAtTime(nextRidgeStartIndex, 1, seed);
+  const nextRidgeTopPoint = prevRidgeBottomPoint + height;
 
   const currentPercent = (t - prevRidgeStartIndex) / (nextRidgeStartIndex - prevRidgeStartIndex);
   const interp = (a, b, t) => {
-    return a + (b - a) * t;
+    return a + t * (b - a);
   };
   return interp(prevRidgeBottomPoint, nextRidgeTopPoint, currentPercent) / 2;
 }
 
-export const berlinWith = (tpat) => {
-  return tpat.fmap(_berlin);
-};
-
 /**
  * Generates a continuous pattern of [perlin noise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlin_noise), in the range 0..1.
  *
@@ -572,7 +658,7 @@ export const berlinWith = (tpat) => {
  * s("bd*4,hh*8").cutoff(perlin.range(500,8000))
  *
  */
-export const perlin = perlinWith(time.fmap((v) => Number(v)));
+export const perlin = signal((t, controls) => _perlin(t, controls.randSeed));
 
 /**
  * Generates a continuous pattern of [berlin noise](conceived by Jame Coyne and Jade Rowland as a joke but turned out to be surprisingly cool and useful,
@@ -584,7 +670,7 @@ export const perlin = perlinWith(time.fmap((v) => Number(v)));
  * n("0!16".add(berlin.fast(4).mul(14))).scale("d:minor")
  *
  */
-export const berlin = berlinWith(time.fmap((v) => Number(v)));
+export const berlin = signal((t, controls) => _berlin(t, controls.randSeed));
 
 export const degradeByWith = register(
   'degradeByWith',
@@ -882,3 +968,50 @@ export const whenKey = register('whenKey', function (input, func, pat) {
 export const keyDown = register('keyDown', function (pat) {
   return pat.fmap(_keyDown);
 });
+
+/**
+ * A pattern measuring the duration of events,
+ * in cycles per event. `cyclesPer` doesn't have structure itself, but takes structure, and therefore
+ * event durations, from the pattern that it is combined with.
+ * For example `cyclesPer.struct("1 1 [1 1] 1")` would give the same as `"0.25 0.25 [0.125 0.125] 0.25"`.
+ * See also its reciprocal, `per`, also known as `perCycle`.
+ * @example
+ * // Shorter events are lower in pitch
+ * sound("saw saw [saw saw] saw")
+ *   .note(cyclesPer.range(50, 100))
+ * @example
+ * sound("bd sd [bd bd] sd*4 [- sd] [bd [bd bd]]")
+ *   .note(cyclesPer.add(20))
+ */
+export const cyclesPer = new Pattern(function (state) {
+  return [new Hap(undefined, state.span, state.span.duration)];
+});
+
+/**
+ * A pattern measuring the 'shortness' of events, or in other words, the duration of pattern events,
+ * in events per cycle. `per` doesn't have structure itself, but takes structure, and therefore
+ * event durations, from the pattern that it is combined with.
+ * For example `per.struct("1 1 [1 1] 1")` would give the same as `"4 4 [8 8] 4"`.
+ * See also its reciprocal, `cyclesPer`.
+ * @synonyms perCycle
+ * @example
+ * // Shorter events are more distorted
+ * n("0 0*2 0 0*2 0 [0 0 0]@2").sound("bd")
+ *  .distort(per.div(2))
+ */
+export const per = new Pattern(function (state) {
+  return [new Hap(undefined, state.span, Fraction(1).div(state.span.duration))];
+});
+
+export const perCycle = per;
+
+/**
+ * Like `per` but measures the shortness of events according to an exponential curve. In
+ * particular, where the event duration halves, the
+ * returned value increases by one. `perx.struct("1 1 [1 [1 1]] 1")` would therefore be
+ * the same as `"3 3 [4 [5 5]] 3"`.
+ */
+export const perx = new Pattern(function (state) {
+  const n = Fraction(1).div(state.span.duration);
+  return [new Hap(undefined, state.span, Math.log(n) / Math.log(2) + 1)];
+});

packages/core/test/pattern.test.mjs

@@ -586,6 +586,18 @@ describe('Pattern', () => {
           .map((a) => a.value),
       ).toStrictEqual(['c', 'b', 'a']);
     });
+    it('Does not reverse the order of cycles', () => {
+      expect(fastcat('a', 'b', 'c', 'd').slow(2).rev().fast(2).sortHapsByPart().firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(
+        fastcat('b', 'a', 'd', 'c').firstCycle(),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+  describe('revv()', () => {
+    it('Does reverse the order of cycles', () => {
+      expect(fastcat('a', 'b', 'c', 'd').slow(2).revv().fast(2).sortHapsByPart().firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(
+        fastcat('d', 'c', 'b', 'a').firstCycle(),
+      );
+    });
   });
   describe('sequence()', () => {
     it('Can work like fastcat', () => {
@@ -728,20 +740,6 @@ describe('Pattern', () => {
       );
     });
   });
-  describe('signal()', () => {
-    it('Can make saw/saw2', () => {
-      expect(saw.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(
-        sequence(0, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 3 / 4).firstCycle(),
-      );
-
-      expect(saw2.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(sequence(-1, -0.5, 0, 0.5).firstCycle());
-    });
-    it('Can make isaw/isaw2', () => {
-      expect(isaw.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(sequence(1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25).firstCycle());
-
-      expect(isaw2.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(sequence(1, 0.5, 0, -0.5).firstCycle());
-    });
-  });
   describe('_setContext()', () => {
     it('Can set the hap context', () => {
       expect(

packages/core/test/signal.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+signal.test.mjs - <short description TODO>
+Copyright (C) 2022 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/core/test/pattern.test.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+import Fraction from 'fraction.js';
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { saw, saw2, isaw, isaw2, per, perx, cyclesPer } from '../signal.mjs';
+import { fastcat, sequence, State, TimeSpan, Hap } from '../index.mjs';
+
+const st = (begin, end) => new State(ts(begin, end));
+const ts = (begin, end) => new TimeSpan(Fraction(begin), Fraction(end));
+const hap = (whole, part, value, context = {}) => new Hap(whole, part, value, context);
+
+const third = Fraction(1, 3);
+const twothirds = Fraction(2, 3);
+
+const sameFirst = (a, b) => {
+  return expect(a.sortHapsByPart().firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(b.sortHapsByPart().firstCycle());
+};
+
+describe('signal()', () => {
+  it('Can make saw/saw2', () => {
+    expect(saw.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(
+      sequence(0, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 3 / 4).firstCycle(),
+    );
+
+    expect(saw2.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(sequence(-1, -0.5, 0, 0.5).firstCycle());
+  });
+  it('Can make isaw/isaw2', () => {
+    expect(isaw.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(sequence(1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25).firstCycle());
+
+    expect(isaw2.struct(true, true, true, true).firstCycle()).toStrictEqual(sequence(1, 0.5, 0, -0.5).firstCycle());
+  });
+});
+
+describe('cyclesPer', () => {
+  it('gives cycles per hap', () => {
+    sameFirst(
+      cyclesPer.struct(true, true, true, fastcat(true, true)),
+      sequence(0.25, 0.25, 0.25, fastcat(0.125, 0.125)).fmap(Fraction),
+    );
+  });
+});
+describe('per', () => {
+  it('gives haps per cycle', () => {
+    sameFirst(per.struct(true, true, true, fastcat(true, true)), sequence(4, 4, 4, fastcat(8, 8)).fmap(Fraction));
+  });
+});
+
+describe('perx', () => {
+  it('gives exponential haps per cycle', () => {
+    sameFirst(
+      perx.struct(true, true, true, fastcat(true, fastcat(true, true))),
+      sequence(3, 3, 3, fastcat(4, fastcat(5, 5))),
+    );
+  });
+});

packages/core/time.mjs

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-let time;
-export function getTime() {
-  if (!time) {
-    throw new Error('no time set! use setTime to define a time source');
-  }
-  return time();
-}
-
-export function setTime(func) {
-  time = func;
-}

packages/csound/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/csound",
-  "version": "1.2.6",
+  "version": "1.2.7",
   "description": "csound bindings for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/draw/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/draw",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Helpers for drawing with Strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/embed/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/embed",
-  "version": "1.1.1",
+  "version": "1.1.2",
   "description": "Embeddable Web Component to load a Strudel REPL into an iframe",
   "main": "embed.js",
   "type": "module",

packages/gamepad/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/gamepad",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Gamepad Inputs for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/hydra/hydra.mjs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ export async function initHydra(options = {}) {
       hydra.synth.s0.init({ src: canvas });
     }
   }
+  return hydra;
 }
 
 export function clearHydra() {

packages/hydra/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/hydra",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Hydra integration for strudel",
   "main": "hydra.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/midi/midi.mjs

@@ -5,9 +5,23 @@ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under th
 */
 
 import * as _WebMidi from 'webmidi';
-import { Pattern, isPattern, logger, ref } from '@strudel/core';
+import {
+  Hap,
+  Pattern,
+  TimeSpan,
+  getCps,
+  getIsStarted,
+  getPattern,
+  getTime,
+  getTriggerFunc,
+  isPattern,
+  logger,
+  ref,
+  reify,
+} from '@strudel/core';
 import { noteToMidi, getControlName } from '@strudel/core';
 import { Note } from 'webmidi';
+import { getAudioContext } from '@strudel/webaudio';
 import { scheduleAtTime } from '../superdough/helpers.mjs';
 
 // if you use WebMidi from outside of this package, make sure to import that instance:
@@ -477,21 +491,13 @@ Pattern.prototype.midi = function (midiport, options = {}) {
   });
 };
 
-let listeners = {};
-const refs = {};
-
 /**
- * MIDI input: Opens a MIDI input port to receive MIDI control change messages.
- * @param {string | number} input MIDI device name or index defaulting to 0
- * @returns {Function}
- * @example
- * let cc = await midin('IAC Driver Bus 1')
- * note("c a f e").lpf(cc(0).range(0, 1000)).lpq(cc(1).range(0, 10)).sound("sawtooth")
+ * Initialize a midi device
  */
-export async function midin(input) {
+async function _initialize(input) {
   if (isPattern(input)) {
     throw new Error(
-      `midin: does not accept Pattern as input. Make sure to pass device name with single quotes. Example: midin('${
+      `[midi] Midi input cannot be a pattern. Make sure to pass device name with single quotes. Example: midin('${
         WebMidi.outputs?.[0]?.name || 'IAC Driver Bus 1'
       }')`,
     );
@@ -500,29 +506,191 @@ export async function midin(input) {
   const device = getDevice(input, WebMidi.inputs);
   if (!device) {
     throw new Error(
-      `midiin: device "${input}" not found.. connected devices: ${getMidiDeviceNamesString(WebMidi.inputs)}`,
+      `[midi] Midi device "${input}" not found.. connected devices: ${getMidiDeviceNamesString(WebMidi.inputs)}`,
     );
   }
   if (initial) {
     const otherInputs = WebMidi.inputs.filter((o) => o.name !== device.name);
     logger(
-      `Midi enabled! Using "${device.name}". ${
+      `[midi] Midi enabled! Using "${device.name}". ${
         otherInputs?.length ? `Also available: ${getMidiDeviceNamesString(otherInputs)}` : ''
       }`,
     );
   }
-  // ensure refs for this input are initialized
-  if (!refs[input]) {
-    refs[input] = {};
-  }
-  const cc = (cc) => ref(() => refs[input][cc] || 0);
+  return device;
+}
+
+/**
+ * MIDI input: Opens a MIDI input port to receive MIDI control change messages.
+ *
+ * The output is a function that accepts a midi cc value to query as well as (optionally) a midi channel
+ *
+ * @name midin
+ * @param {string | number} input MIDI device name or index defaulting to 0
+ * @returns {function(number, number=): Pattern} A function from (cc, channel?) to a pattern.
+ *   When queried, the pattern will produces the most recently received midi value (normalized to 0 to 1)
+ *   that came through that cc number (and channel, if provided)
+ * @example
+ * const cc = await midin('IAC Driver Bus 1')
+ * note("c a f e").lpf(cc(0).range(0, 1000)).lpq(cc(1).range(0, 10)).sound("sawtooth")
+ * @example
+ * const allCC = await midin('IAC Driver Bus 1')
+ * const cc = (ccNum) => allCC(ccNum, 2) // just channel 2
+ * note("c a f e").s("saw")
+ *   .when(cc(0).gt(0), x => x.postgain(0))
+ */
+let listeners = {};
+const refs = {};
+const refsByChan = {};
+export async function midin(input) {
+  const device = await _initialize(input);
+  refs[input] ??= {};
+  refsByChan[input] ??= {};
+  const cc = (cc, chan) => {
+    if (chan !== undefined) {
+      return ref(() => refsByChan[input][cc]?.[chan] || 0);
+    }
+    return ref(() => refs[input][cc] || 0);
+  };
 
   listeners[input] && device.removeListener('midimessage', listeners[input]);
   listeners[input] = (e) => {
-    const cc = e.dataBytes[0];
-    const v = e.dataBytes[1];
-    refs[input] && (refs[input][cc] = v / 127);
+    const [ccNum, v] = e.dataBytes;
+    const chan = e.message.channel;
+    const scaled = v / 127;
+    refsByChan[input][ccNum] ??= {};
+    refsByChan[input][ccNum][chan] = scaled;
+    refs[input][ccNum] = scaled;
   };
   device.addListener('midimessage', listeners[input]);
   return cc;
 }
+
+/**
+ * MIDI keyboard: Opens a MIDI input port to receive MIDI keyboard messages.
+ *
+ * The note length is fixed as Superdough is not currently set up for undetermined
+ * note durations
+ *
+ * @name midikeys
+ * @param {string | number} input MIDI device name or index defaulting to 0
+ * @returns {function((number | Pattern)=): Pattern} A function that produces a pattern.
+ *   When queried, the pattern will produces the most recently played midi notes and velocities,
+ *   lasting for the specified duration
+ * @example
+ * const kb = await midikeys('Arturia KeyStep 32')
+ * kb().s("tri").lpf(80).lpe(6).lpd(0.1).room(2).delay(0.35)
+ * @example
+ * const kb = await midikeys('Arturia KeyStep 32')
+ * kb("0.5 1")
+ *   .s("saw")
+ *   .add(note(rand.mul(0.3)))
+ *   .lpf(1000).lpe(2).room(0.5)
+ */
+const kHaps = {};
+const kListeners = {};
+
+function _triggerKeyboard(input, cps, now, latencyCycles) {
+  const pattern = getPattern();
+  const trigger = getTriggerFunc();
+  if (!pattern || !trigger) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const t = now + latencyCycles;
+  const eps = 1e-6;
+  const haps = pattern.queryArc(t - eps, t + eps, { _cps: cps });
+  // Only keep haps coming from `midikeys`
+  const kbHaps = haps.filter((hap) => hap.value?.midikey?.startsWith(`${input}_`));
+  const ctxNow = getAudioContext().currentTime;
+  if (!kbHaps.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  kbHaps.forEach((hap) => {
+    if (!hap.hasOnset()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const t = ctxNow + (hap.whole.begin - now) / cps;
+    const duration = hap.duration / cps;
+    trigger(hap, t - ctxNow, duration, cps, t);
+  });
+
+  return true;
+}
+export async function midikeys(input) {
+  const device = await _initialize(input);
+  if (!kHaps[input]) {
+    kHaps[input] = [];
+  }
+  kListeners[input] && device.removeListener('midimessage', kListeners[input]);
+  kListeners[input] = (e) => {
+    const { dataBytes, message } = e;
+    const noteon = message.command === 9;
+    let noteoff = message.command === 8;
+    // Don't enqueue or trigger midi notes if scheduler is not started
+    const notStarted = !getIsStarted();
+    // Ignore non-note messages (e.g. CC, pitchbend, modwheel, etc.)
+    const notANote = !noteon && !noteoff;
+    if (notStarted || notANote) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const [note, velocity] = dataBytes;
+    noteoff ||= noteon && velocity === 0; // handle devices which may use velocity = 0 to signal noteoff
+    const key = `${input}_${note}`;
+    const cps = getCps() ?? 0.5;
+    const triggerAvailable = !!(getPattern() && getTriggerFunc());
+    const latencySeconds = triggerAvailable ? 0.01 : 0.06; // avoid missing notes due to cyclist / trigger latency
+    const now = getTime();
+    const t = now + latencySeconds * cps;
+    const span = new TimeSpan(t, t);
+    let value = { midikey: key };
+    if (noteoff) {
+      /* TODO: It's a big effort, but we could modify superdough to allow for situations where
+      we don't know the hap duration in advance. This would mean, for example, that if the hap
+      is flagged as such a special note-on event, we have all effects be persistent & all ADSR
+      envelopes stop at the S stage [and store references to them by `midikey`]
+      If this is implemented, then getting full keyboard functionality should be as simple
+      as sending the corresponding note-off event below and triggering `release` on each of those
+      referenced effects/envelopes
+      
+      value = { ...value, noteoff: true };
+  
+      If this is achieved, we can remove the noteLength parameter
+      */
+      return;
+    } else {
+      value = { ...value, note: Math.round(note), velocity: velocity / 127 };
+    }
+    kHaps[input].push(new Hap(span, span, value, {}));
+    if (!noteoff && triggerAvailable) {
+      // If we have access to a trigger function, we call it to immediately
+      // dispatch to the audio engine, rather than waiting for cyclist to catch these haps
+      const triggered = _triggerKeyboard(input, cps, now, latencySeconds * cps);
+      if (triggered) {
+        kHaps[input] = [];
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  device.addListener('midimessage', kListeners[input]);
+  const kb = (noteLength = 0.5) => {
+    const nlPat = reify(noteLength);
+    const query = (state) => {
+      const haps = kHaps[input].flatMap((hap) => {
+        const lenHaps = nlPat.query(state.setSpan(hap.wholeOrPart()));
+        return lenHaps.map((lenHap) => {
+          const nl = lenHap.value ?? 0.5;
+          const whole = new TimeSpan(hap.whole.begin, hap.whole.begin.add(nl));
+          const part = new TimeSpan(hap.part.begin, hap.part.begin.add(nl));
+          const context = hap.combineContext(lenHap);
+          return new Hap(whole, part, hap.value, context);
+        });
+      });
+      if (state.controls.cyclist) {
+        // Notes have been sent; clear them
+        kHaps[input] = [];
+      }
+      return haps;
+    };
+    return new Pattern(query);
+  };
+  return kb;
+}

packages/midi/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/midi",
-  "version": "1.2.6",
+  "version": "1.2.7",
   "description": "Midi API for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/mini/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/mini",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Mini notation for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/mondo/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "mondolang",
-  "version": "1.1.1",
+  "version": "1.1.2",
   "description": "a language for functional composition that translates to js",
   "main": "mondo.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/mondough/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/mondo",
-  "version": "1.1.5",
+  "version": "1.1.6",
   "description": "mondo notation for strudel",
   "main": "mondough.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/motion/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/motion",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "DeviceMotion API for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/mqtt/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/mqtt",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "MQTT API for strudel",
   "main": "mqtt.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/osc/README.md

@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ all(osc)
 
 [open in repl](https://strudel.cc/#JDogcygiYmQqNCIpCgphbGwob3NjKQ%3D%3D)
 
-You can read more about [how to use Superdirt with Strudel the Tutorial](https://strudel.cc/learn/input-output/#superdirt-api)
+You can read more about [how to use Superdirt with Strudel](https://strudel.cc/learn/input-output/#oscsuperdirtstrudeldirt) in  the tutorial.

packages/osc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/osc",
-  "version": "1.3.0",
+  "version": "1.3.1",
   "description": "OSC messaging for strudel",
   "main": "osc.mjs",
   "bin": "./server.js",

packages/reference/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/reference",
-  "version": "1.2.1",
+  "version": "1.2.2",
   "description": "Headless reference of all strudel functions",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/repl/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/repl",
-  "version": "1.2.7",
+  "version": "1.2.8",
   "description": "Strudel REPL as a Web Component",
   "module": "index.mjs",
   "publishConfig": {

packages/repl/repl-component.mjs

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { silence } from '@strudel/core';
 import { getDrawContext } from '@strudel/draw';
 import { transpiler } from '@strudel/transpiler';
-import { getAudioContext, webaudioOutput } from '@strudel/webaudio';
+import { getAudioContext, webaudioOutput, initAudioOnFirstClick } from '@strudel/webaudio';
 import { StrudelMirror, codemirrorSettings } from '@strudel/codemirror';
 import { prebake } from './prebake.mjs';
 
 if (typeof HTMLElement !== 'undefined') {
+  initAudioOnFirstClick();
   class StrudelRepl extends HTMLElement {
     static observedAttributes = ['code'];
     settings = codemirrorSettings.get();

packages/sampler/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/sampler",
-  "version": "0.2.3",
+  "version": "0.2.4",
   "description": "",
   "keywords": [
     "tidalcycles",

packages/serial/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/serial",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Webserial API for strudel",
   "main": "serial.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/serial/serial.mjs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Pattern.prototype.serial = function (br = 115200, sendcrc = false, singlecharids
     if (!(name in writeMessagers)) {
       getWriter(name, br);
     }
-    const onTrigger = (t_deprecate, hap, currentTime, cps, targetTime) => {
+    const onTrigger = (hap, currentTime, _cps, targetTime) => {
       var message = '';
       var chk = 0;
       if (typeof hap.value === 'object') {

packages/soundfonts/fontloader.mjs

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import {
   getADSRValues,
   getPitchEnvelope,
   getVibratoOscillator,
+  onceEnded,
+  releaseAudioNode,
 } from '@strudel/webaudio';
 import gm from './gm.mjs';
 
@@ -164,19 +166,18 @@ export function registerSoundfonts() {
         let envEnd = holdEnd + release + 0.01;
 
         // vibrato
-        let vibratoOscillator = getVibratoOscillator(bufferSource.detune, value, time);
+        const vibratoHandle = getVibratoOscillator(bufferSource.detune, value, time);
         // pitch envelope
         getPitchEnvelope(bufferSource.detune, value, time, holdEnd);
 
         bufferSource.stop(envEnd);
         const stop = (releaseTime) => {};
-        bufferSource.onended = () => {
-          bufferSource.disconnect();
-          vibratoOscillator?.stop();
-          node.disconnect();
+        onceEnded(bufferSource, () => {
+          releaseAudioNode(bufferSource);
+          vibratoHandle?.stop();
           onended();
-        };
-        return { node, stop };
+        });
+        return { node, stop, nodes: { source: [bufferSource], ...vibratoHandle?.nodes } };
       },
       { type: 'soundfont', prebake: true, fonts },
     );

packages/soundfonts/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/soundfonts",
-  "version": "1.2.6",
+  "version": "1.2.7",
   "description": "Soundsfont support for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "publishConfig": {

packages/superdough/audioContext.mjs

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+/*
+audioContext.mjs - Audio Context manager
+
+Sets up a common and accessible audio context for all superdough operations
+
+Copyright (C) 2025 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/superdough/audiocontext.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
 let audioContext;
 
 export const setDefaultAudioContext = () => {
@@ -5,6 +14,11 @@ export const setDefaultAudioContext = () => {
   return audioContext;
 };
 
+export const setAudioContext = (context) => {
+  audioContext = context;
+  return audioContext;
+};
+
 export const getAudioContext = () => {
   if (!audioContext) {
     return setDefaultAudioContext();

packages/superdough/feedbackdelay.mjs

@@ -5,19 +5,18 @@ if (typeof DelayNode !== 'undefined') {
       wet = Math.abs(wet);
       this.delayTime.value = time;
 
-      const feedbackGain = ac.createGain();
-      feedbackGain.gain.value = Math.min(Math.abs(feedback), 0.995);
-      this.feedback = feedbackGain.gain;
+      this.feedbackGain = ac.createGain();
+      this.feedbackGain.gain.value = Math.min(Math.abs(feedback), 0.995);
+      this.feedback = this.feedbackGain.gain;
 
-      const delayGain = ac.createGain();
-      delayGain.gain.value = wet;
-      this.delayGain = delayGain;
+      this.delayGain = ac.createGain();
+      this.delayGain.gain.value = wet;
 
-      this.connect(feedbackGain);
-      this.connect(delayGain);
-      feedbackGain.connect(this);
+      this.connect(this.feedbackGain);
+      this.connect(this.delayGain);
+      this.feedbackGain.connect(this);
 
-      this.connect = (target) => delayGain.connect(target);
+      this.connect = (target) => this.delayGain.connect(target);
       return this;
     }
     start(t) {
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ if (typeof DelayNode !== 'undefined') {
     }
   }
 
-  AudioContext.prototype.createFeedbackDelay = function (wet, time, feedback) {
+  BaseAudioContext.prototype.createFeedbackDelay = function (wet, time, feedback) {
     return new FeedbackDelayNode(this, wet, time, feedback);
   };
 }

packages/superdough/helpers.mjs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { getAudioContext } from './audioContext.mjs';
-import { clamp, nanFallback, midiToFreq, noteToMidi } from './util.mjs';
-import { getNoiseBuffer } from './noise.mjs';
 import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
+import { getNoiseBuffer } from './noise.mjs';
+import { getNodeFromPool } from './nodePools.mjs';
+import { clamp, nanFallback, midiToFreq, noteToMidi } from './util.mjs';
 
 export const noises = ['pink', 'white', 'brown', 'crackle'];
 
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ export const getParamADSR = (
   decay,
   sustain,
   release,
+  // min = value at start of attack, max = value at end of attack; it is possible that max < min
   min,
   max,
   begin,
@@ -59,17 +61,15 @@ export const getParamADSR = (
     max = max === 0 ? 0.001 : max;
   }
   const range = max - min;
-  const peak = max;
   const sustainVal = min + sustain * range;
   const duration = end - begin;
 
   const envValAtTime = (time) => {
     let val;
     if (attack > time) {
-      let slope = getSlope(min, peak, 0, attack);
-      val = time * slope + (min > peak ? min : 0);
+      val = time * getSlope(min, max, 0, attack) + min;
     } else {
-      val = (time - attack) * getSlope(peak, sustainVal, 0, decay) + peak;
+      val = (time - attack) * getSlope(max, sustainVal, 0, decay) + max;
     }
     if (curve === 'exponential') {
       val = val || 0.001;
@@ -105,22 +105,40 @@ function getModulationShapeInput(val) {
   return { tri: 0, triangle: 0, sine: 1, ramp: 2, saw: 3, square: 4 }[val] ?? 0;
 }
 
-export function getLfo(audioContext, begin, end, properties = {}) {
-  const { shape = 0, ...props } = properties;
-  const { dcoffset = -0.5, depth = 1 } = properties;
+export function getEnvelope(audioContext, properties = {}) {
+  return getWorklet(audioContext, 'envelope-processor', properties);
+}
+
+export function getLfo(audioContext, properties = {}) {
+  const {
+    shape = 0,
+    begin = 0,
+    end = 0,
+    time,
+    depth = 1,
+    dcoffset = -0.5,
+    frequency = 1,
+    skew = 0.5,
+    phaseoffset = 0,
+    curve = 1,
+    min,
+    max,
+    ...props
+  } = properties;
+
   const lfoprops = {
-    frequency: 1,
-    depth,
-    skew: 0.5,
-    phaseoffset: 0,
-    time: begin,
     begin,
     end,
-    shape: getModulationShapeInput(shape),
+    time: time ?? begin,
+    depth,
     dcoffset,
-    min: dcoffset * depth,
-    max: dcoffset * depth + depth,
-    curve: 1,
+    frequency,
+    skew,
+    phaseoffset,
+    curve,
+    shape: getModulationShapeInput(shape),
+    min: min ?? dcoffset * depth,
+    max: max ?? dcoffset * depth + depth,
     ...props,
   };
 
@@ -128,6 +146,7 @@ export function getLfo(audioContext, begin, end, properties = {}) {
 }
 
 export function getCompressor(ac, threshold, ratio, knee, attack, release) {
+  const node = getNodeFromPool('compressor', () => new DynamicsCompressorNode(ac, {}));
   const options = {
     threshold: threshold ?? -3,
     ratio: ratio ?? 10,
@@ -135,7 +154,10 @@ export function getCompressor(ac, threshold, ratio, knee, attack, release) {
     attack: attack ?? 0.005,
     release: release ?? 0.05,
   };
-  return new DynamicsCompressorNode(ac, options);
+  Object.entries(options).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+    node[key].value = value;
+  });
+  return node;
 }
 
 // changes the default values of the envelope based on what parameters the user has defined
@@ -162,7 +184,9 @@ export function getParamLfo(audioContext, param, start, end, lfoValues) {
   }
   let lfo;
   if (depth) {
-    lfo = getLfo(audioContext, start, end, {
+    lfo = getLfo(audioContext, {
+      begin: start,
+      end,
       depth,
       dcoffset,
       ...getLfoInputs,
@@ -189,7 +213,7 @@ export function applyParameterModulators(audioContext, param, start, end, envelo
     getParamADSR(param, attack, decay, sustain, release, min, max, start, holdEnd, curve);
   }
   const lfo = getParamLfo(audioContext, param, start, end, lfoValues);
-  return { lfo, disconnect: () => lfo?.disconnect() };
+  return lfo;
 }
 export function createFilter(context, start, end, params, cps, cycle) {
   let {
@@ -214,10 +238,12 @@ export function createFilter(context, start, end, params, cps, cycle) {
     filter = getWorklet(context, 'ladder-processor', { frequency, q, drive });
     frequencyParam = filter.parameters.get('frequency');
   } else {
-    filter = context.createBiquadFilter();
+    const factory = () => context.createBiquadFilter();
+    filter = getNodeFromPool('filter', factory);
     filter.type = type;
-    filter.Q.value = q;
-    filter.frequency.value = frequency;
+    Object.entries({ Q: q, frequency }).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+      filter[key].value = value;
+    });
     frequencyParam = filter.frequency;
   }
   const envelopeValues = [params.attack, params.decay, params.sustain, params.release];
@@ -240,6 +266,7 @@ export function createFilter(context, start, end, params, cps, cycle) {
     rate = cps * sync;
   }
   const hasLFO = [depth, depthfrequency, skew, shape, rate].some((v) => v !== undefined);
+  let lfo;
   if (hasLFO) {
     depth = depth ?? 1;
     const time = cycle / cps;
@@ -255,10 +282,10 @@ export function createFilter(context, start, end, params, cps, cycle) {
       time,
       curve: 1,
     };
-    getParamLfo(context, frequencyParam, start, end, lfoValues);
+    lfo = getParamLfo(context, frequencyParam, start, end, lfoValues);
   }
 
-  return filter;
+  return { filter, lfo };
 }
 
 // stays 1 until .5, then fades out
@@ -282,9 +309,12 @@ export function drywet(dry, wet, wetAmount = 0) {
   wet_gain.connect(mix);
   return {
     node: mix,
-    onended: () => {
-      dry_gain.disconnect(mix);
-      wet_gain.disconnect(mix);
+    teardown: () => {
+      releaseAudioNode(dry_gain);
+      releaseAudioNode(wet_gain);
+      // it is not the responsability of drywet
+      // to call `releaseAudioNode` on
+      // the 2 external args dry and wet
       dry.disconnect(dry_gain);
       wet.disconnect(wet_gain);
     },
@@ -323,12 +353,12 @@ export function getVibratoOscillator(param, value, t) {
     gain.gain.value = vibmod * 100;
     vibratoOscillator.connect(gain);
     gain.connect(param);
-    vibratoOscillator.onended = () => {
-      gain.disconnect(param);
-      vibratoOscillator.disconnect(gain);
-    };
+    onceEnded(vibratoOscillator, () => {
+      releaseAudioNode(gain);
+      releaseAudioNode(vibratoOscillator);
+    });
     vibratoOscillator.start(t);
-    return vibratoOscillator;
+    return { stop: (t) => vibratoOscillator.stop(t), nodes: { vib: [vibratoOscillator], vib_gain: [gain] } };
   }
 }
 
@@ -348,25 +378,17 @@ export function webAudioTimeout(audioContext, onComplete, startTime, stopTime) {
   constantNode.connect(zeroGain);
 
   // Schedule the `onComplete` callback to occur at `stopTime`
-  constantNode.onended = () => {
-    // Ensure garbage collection
-    try {
-      zeroGain.disconnect();
-    } catch {
-      // pass
-    }
-    try {
-      constantNode.disconnect();
-    } catch {
-      // pass
-    }
+  onceEnded(constantNode, () => {
+    releaseAudioNode(zeroGain);
+    releaseAudioNode(constantNode);
     onComplete();
-  };
+  });
   constantNode.start(startTime);
   constantNode.stop(stopTime);
   return constantNode;
 }
-const mod = (freq, range = 1, type = 'sine') => {
+
+const mod = (freq, type = 'sine') => {
   const ctx = getAudioContext();
   let osc;
   if (noises.includes(type)) {
@@ -378,69 +400,94 @@ const mod = (freq, range = 1, type = 'sine') => {
     osc.type = type;
     osc.frequency.value = freq;
   }
-
   osc.start();
-  const g = gainNode(range);
-  osc.connect(g); // -range, range
-  return { node: g, stop: (t) => osc.stop(t), osc: osc };
+  return osc;
 };
-const fm = (frequencyparam, harmonicityRatio, modulationIndex, wave = 'sine') => {
+
+const fm = (frequencyparam, harmonicityRatio, wave = 'sine') => {
   const carrfreq = frequencyparam.value;
   const modfreq = carrfreq * harmonicityRatio;
-  const modgain = modfreq * modulationIndex;
-  return mod(modfreq, modgain, wave);
+  return { osc: mod(modfreq, wave), freq: modfreq };
 };
+
 export function applyFM(param, value, begin) {
-  const {
-    fmh: fmHarmonicity = 1,
-    fmi: fmModulationIndex,
-    fmenv: fmEnvelopeType = 'exp',
-    fmattack: fmAttack,
-    fmdecay: fmDecay,
-    fmsustain: fmSustain,
-    fmrelease: fmRelease,
-    fmvelocity: fmVelocity,
-    fmwave: fmWaveform = 'sine',
-    duration,
-  } = value;
-  let modulator;
-  let stop = () => {};
-
-  if (fmModulationIndex) {
-    const ac = getAudioContext();
-    const envGain = ac.createGain();
-    const fmmod = fm(param, fmHarmonicity, fmModulationIndex, fmWaveform);
-
-    modulator = fmmod.node;
-    stop = fmmod.stop;
-    if (![fmAttack, fmDecay, fmSustain, fmRelease, fmVelocity].some((v) => v !== undefined)) {
-      // no envelope by default
-      modulator.connect(param);
-    } else {
-      const [attack, decay, sustain, release] = getADSRValues([fmAttack, fmDecay, fmSustain, fmRelease]);
-      const holdEnd = begin + duration;
-      getParamADSR(
-        envGain.gain,
-        attack,
-        decay,
-        sustain,
-        release,
-        0,
-        1,
-        begin,
-        holdEnd,
-        fmEnvelopeType === 'exp' ? 'exponential' : 'linear',
-      );
-      modulator.connect(envGain);
-      envGain.connect(param);
+  const ac = getAudioContext();
+  const toStop = []; // fm oscillators we will expose `stop` for
+  const fms = {};
+  const nodes = {};
+  // Matrix
+  for (let i = 1; i <= 8; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j <= 8; j++) {
+      let control;
+      if (i === j + 1) {
+        // Standard fm3 -> fm2 -> fm1 -> param usage
+        const iS = i === 1 ? '' : i;
+        control = `fmi${iS}`;
+      } else {
+        control = `fmi${i}${j}`;
+      }
+      const amt = value[control];
+      if (!amt) continue;
+      let io = [];
+      for (let [isMod, idx] of [
+        [true, i], // source
+        [false, j], // target
+      ]) {
+        if (idx === 0) {
+          io.push(param);
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!fms[idx]) {
+          const idxS = idx === 1 ? '' : idx;
+          const { osc, freq } = fm(param, value[`fmh${idxS}`] ?? 1, value[`fmwave${idxS}`] ?? 'sine');
+          toStop.push(osc);
+          const toCleanup = [osc]; // nodes we want to cleanup after oscillator `stop`
+          const adsr = ['attack', 'decay', 'sustain', 'release'].map((s) => value[`fm${s}${idxS}`]);
+          let output = osc;
+          if (adsr.some((v) => v !== undefined)) {
+            const envGain = ac.createGain();
+            const [attack, decay, sustain, release] = getADSRValues(adsr);
+            const holdEnd = begin + value.duration;
+            const fmEnvelopeType = value[`fmenv${idxS}`] ?? 'exp';
+            getParamADSR(
+              envGain.gain,
+              attack,
+              decay,
+              sustain,
+              release,
+              0,
+              1,
+              begin,
+              holdEnd,
+              fmEnvelopeType === 'exp' ? 'exponential' : 'linear',
+            );
+            toCleanup.push(envGain);
+            output = osc.connect(envGain);
+          }
+          fms[idx] = { input: osc.frequency, output, freq, osc, toCleanup };
+          nodes[`fm_${idx}`] = [osc];
+        }
+        const { input, output, freq, osc, toCleanup } = fms[idx];
+        const gAmt = gainNode(amt);
+        const gFreq = gainNode(freq);
+        io.push(isMod ? output.connect(gAmt).connect(gFreq) : input);
+        cleanupOnEnd(osc, [...toCleanup, gAmt, gFreq]);
+        nodes[`fm_${idx}_gain`] = [gAmt];
+      }
+      if (!io[1]) {
+        logger(
+          `[superdough] control ${control} failed to connect FM ${i} to target ${j} due to missing frequency parameter (likely because fm${j} is noise)`,
+          'warning',
+        );
+        continue;
+      }
+      io[0].connect(io[1]);
     }
-    fmmod.osc.onended = () => {
-      envGain.disconnect();
-      modulator.disconnect();
-      fmmod.osc.disconnect();
-    };
   }
-  return { stop };
+  return {
+    nodes,
+    stop: (t) => toStop.forEach((m) => m?.stop(t)),
+  };
 }
 
 // Saturation curves
@@ -553,10 +600,60 @@ export const getFrequencyFromValue = (value, defaultNote = 36) => {
   return Number(freq);
 };
 
-export const destroyAudioWorkletNode = (node) => {
-  if (node == null) {
-    return;
-  }
-  node.disconnect();
-  node.parameters.get('end')?.setValueAtTime(0, 0);
+// This helper should be used instead of the `node.onended = callback` pattern
+// It adds a mechanism to help minimize gc retention
+export const onceEnded = (node, callback) => {
+  const onended = callback;
+  node.onended = function cleanup() {
+    onended && onended();
+    this.onended = null;
+  };
+};
+
+export const releaseAudioNode = (node) => {
+  if (node == null) return;
+
+  // check we received an AudioNode
+  if (!(node instanceof AudioNode)) {
+    throw new Error('releaseAudioNode can only release an AudioNode');
+  }
+
+  // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AudioNode/disconnect
+  node.disconnect();
+
+  // make sure all AudioScheduledSourceNodes are in a stopped state
+  // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AudioScheduledSourceNode
+  if (node instanceof AudioScheduledSourceNode) {
+    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' && node.onended && node.onended.name !== 'cleanup') {
+      logger(
+        `[superdough] Deprecation warning: it seems your code path is setting 'node.onended = callback' instead of using the onceEnded helper`,
+      );
+    }
+    try {
+      node.stop();
+    } catch (e) {
+      // At the stage, `start` was not called on the node
+      // but an `onended` callback releasing resources may exist
+      // and we want it to fire :
+      // - we force a start/stop cycle so that `onended` gets called
+      // - we `lock` the node so that no-one can start it
+      node.start(node.context.currentTime + 5); // will never happen
+      node.stop();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // https://www.w3.org/TR/webaudio-1.1/#AudioNode-actively-processing
+  // An AudioWorkletNode is actively processing when its AudioWorkletProcessor's [[callable process]]
+  // returns true and either its active source flag is true or
+  // any AudioNode connected to one of its inputs is actively processing.
+  if (node instanceof AudioWorkletNode) {
+    // while `end` is not native to the web audio API, it is common practice in superdough
+    // to use that param in the worklets to trigger returning false from the processor
+    node.parameters.get('end')?.setValueAtTime(0, 0);
+  }
+};
+
+// Once the `anchor` node has ended, release all nodes in `toCleanup`
+export const cleanupOnEnd = (anchor, toCleanup) => {
+  onceEnded(anchor, () => toCleanup.forEach((n) => releaseAudioNode(n)));
 };

packages/superdough/index.mjs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ export * from './helpers.mjs';
 export * from './synth.mjs';
 export * from './zzfx.mjs';
 export * from './logger.mjs';
+export * from './modulators.mjs';
 export * from './dspworklet.mjs';
 export * from './audioContext.mjs';
 export * from './wavetable.mjs';

packages/superdough/modulators.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/*
+modulators.mjs - Helpers for constructing modulators (envelopes, LFOs, etc.)
+Copyright (C) 2025 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/superdough/modulators.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+import { getAudioContext } from './audioContext.mjs';
+import { gainNode, getEnvelope, getLfo, webAudioTimeout } from './helpers.mjs';
+import { errorLogger } from './logger.mjs';
+import { getSuperdoughControlTargets } from './superdoughdata.mjs';
+import { clamp } from './util.mjs';
+
+const getNodeParam = (node, name) => {
+  // Worklet case
+  if (node?.parameters) {
+    const p = node.parameters.get(name);
+    if (p instanceof AudioParam) {
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+  // Built-in node case
+  let p = node?.[name];
+  if (p === undefined && name === 'frequency') {
+    // Fallbacks for source nodes without 'frequency' params (e.g. soundfonts)
+    p = node?.['detune'] ?? node?.['playbackRate'];
+  }
+  if (p instanceof AudioParam) {
+    return p;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const controlTargets = getSuperdoughControlTargets();
+
+const getControlData = (control, subControl) => {
+  const controlNoIdx = control.split('_')[0];
+  return controlTargets[`${controlNoIdx}_${subControl}`] ?? controlTargets[controlNoIdx];
+};
+
+const getRangeForParam = (paramName, currentValue) => {
+  // We clamp the frequency to a reasonable range unless the currentValue
+  // is low, which indicates this may be an LFO
+  if (paramName === 'frequency' && currentValue >= 30) {
+    return { min: 20 - currentValue, max: 24000 - currentValue };
+  }
+  return { min: undefined, max: undefined };
+};
+
+const clampWithWaveShaper = (modulator, min, max) => {
+  const ac = getAudioContext();
+  const curve = new Float32Array(256);
+  for (let i = 0; i < curve.length; i++) {
+    const x = (i / (curve.length - 1)) * 2 - 1;
+    curve[i] = clamp(x * max, min, max);
+  }
+  const shaper = new WaveShaperNode(ac, { curve });
+  const scaleGain = gainNode(1 / max);
+  modulator.connect(scaleGain).connect(shaper);
+  return { modulator, toCleanup: [shaper, scaleGain] };
+};
+
+const getTargetParamsForControl = (control, nodes, subControl) => {
+  const targetInfo = getControlData(control, subControl);
+  if (!targetInfo) {
+    errorLogger(
+      new Error(`Could not find control data for target '${control}'. It may not be modulatable.`),
+      'superdough',
+    );
+    return { targetParams: [], paramName: control };
+  }
+  const paramName = targetInfo.param;
+  const nodeKey = nodes[targetInfo.node] ? targetInfo.node : control;
+  const targetNodes = nodes[nodeKey];
+  if (!targetNodes) {
+    const keys = Object.keys(nodes);
+    errorLogger(
+      new Error(`Could not connect to target '${nodeKey}' — it does not exist. Available targets: ${keys.join(', ')}`),
+      'superdough',
+    );
+    return { targetParams: [], paramName };
+  }
+  const audioParams = [];
+  targetNodes.forEach((targetNode) => {
+    const targetParam = getNodeParam(targetNode, paramName);
+    audioParams.push(targetParam);
+  });
+  return { targetParams: audioParams, paramName };
+};
+
+export const connectLFO = (id, params, nodeTracker) => {
+  const {
+    rate = 1,
+    sync,
+    cps,
+    cycle,
+    control = 'lfo',
+    subControl,
+    fxi = 'main',
+    depth = 1,
+    depthabs,
+    ...filteredParams
+  } = params;
+  const { targetParams, paramName } = getTargetParamsForControl(control, nodeTracker[fxi], subControl);
+  if (!targetParams.length) return;
+  let currentValue = targetParams[0].value;
+  currentValue = currentValue === 0 ? 1 : currentValue;
+  const { min, max } = getRangeForParam(paramName, currentValue);
+  const depthValue = depthabs != null ? depthabs : depth * currentValue;
+  const modParams = {
+    ...filteredParams,
+    frequency: sync !== undefined ? sync * cps : rate,
+    time: cycle / cps,
+    depth: depthValue,
+    min,
+    max,
+  };
+  const lfoNode = getLfo(getAudioContext(), modParams);
+  nodeTracker.main[`lfo_${id}`] = [lfoNode];
+  targetParams.forEach((t) => lfoNode.connect(t));
+  return lfoNode;
+};
+
+export const connectEnvelope = (id, params, nodeTracker) => {
+  const { control, subControl, acurve, dcurve, rcurve, depth = 1, depthabs, fxi = 'main', ...filteredParams } = params;
+  const { targetParams, paramName } = getTargetParamsForControl(control, nodeTracker[fxi], subControl);
+  if (!targetParams.length) return;
+  let currentValue = targetParams[0].value;
+  currentValue = currentValue === 0 ? 1 : currentValue;
+  const { min, max } = getRangeForParam(paramName, currentValue);
+  const depthValue = depthabs != null ? depthabs : depth * currentValue;
+  const envNode = getEnvelope(getAudioContext(), {
+    ...filteredParams,
+    depth: depthValue,
+    min,
+    max,
+    attackCurve: acurve,
+    decayCurve: dcurve,
+    releaseCurve: rcurve,
+  });
+  nodeTracker.main[`env_${id}`] = [envNode];
+  targetParams.forEach((t) => envNode.connect(t));
+  return envNode;
+};
+
+export const connectBusModulator = (params, nodeTracker, controller) => {
+  const ac = getAudioContext();
+  const { control, subControl, depth = 1, depthabs, fxi = 'main' } = params;
+  const { targetParams, paramName } = getTargetParamsForControl(control, nodeTracker[fxi], subControl);
+  if (!targetParams.length) return { toCleanup: [] };
+  const signal = controller.getBus(params.bus);
+  const dc = new ConstantSourceNode(ac, { offset: params.dc ?? 0 });
+  dc.start(params.begin);
+  const shifted = dc.connect(gainNode(1));
+  signal.connect(shifted);
+  let currentValue = targetParams[0].value;
+  currentValue = currentValue === 0 ? 1 : currentValue;
+  const { min, max } = getRangeForParam(paramName, currentValue);
+  const depthValue = depthabs != null ? depthabs : depth * currentValue;
+  const depthGain = gainNode((Math.sign(depthValue) * Math.abs(depthValue)) / 0.3);
+  const unClamped = shifted.connect(depthGain);
+  const toCleanup = [];
+  let modulator = unClamped;
+  if (min !== undefined && max !== undefined) {
+    const wsData = clampWithWaveShaper(unClamped, min, max);
+    modulator = wsData.modulator;
+    toCleanup.push(...wsData.toCleanup);
+  }
+  webAudioTimeout(
+    ac,
+    () => {
+      targetParams.forEach((t) => modulator.connect(t));
+    },
+    0,
+    params.begin,
+  );
+  toCleanup.push(dc, shifted, depthGain);
+  return { modulator, toCleanup };
+};

packages/superdough/nodePools.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+nodePools.mjs - Helper functions related to pooling and re-using audio nodes
+
+Copyright (C) 2025 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/superdough/nodePools.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+const nodePools = new Map();
+const POOL_KEY = Symbol('nodePoolKey');
+
+export const isPoolable = (node) => !!node[POOL_KEY];
+
+const getNodeTime = (node) => {
+  return node.context?.currentTime ?? 0;
+};
+
+const getParams = (node) => {
+  const params = new Set();
+  node.parameters?.forEach((param) => params.add(param));
+  const visited = new Set(); // prioritize deepest definition
+  let proto = node;
+  // Move up the prototype chain
+  while (proto !== Object.prototype) {
+    for (const key of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(proto)) {
+      if (visited.has(key)) continue;
+      visited.add(key);
+      const value = node[key];
+      if (value instanceof AudioParam) {
+        params.add(value);
+      }
+    }
+    proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proto);
+  }
+  return params;
+};
+
+export const releaseNodeToPool = (node) => {
+  node.disconnect();
+  if (node instanceof AudioScheduledSourceNode) {
+    // not reusable
+    return;
+  }
+  const key = node[POOL_KEY];
+  if (key == null) return;
+  const now = getNodeTime(node);
+  getParams(node).forEach((param) => param.cancelScheduledValues(now));
+  const pool = nodePools.get(key) ?? [];
+  pool.push(new WeakRef(node));
+  nodePools.set(key, pool);
+};
+
+// Audio worklets are given a grace period to survive (`return true`) after
+// being released. This concludes at time `end + 0.5`. We test here whether we are
+// within some safe distance of that (`end + 0.45`) and if so, permit the node to be
+// released. This helps to prevent race conditions between node termination and node
+// re-use
+const isNodeAlive = (node) => {
+  // Skip check if node is not a worklet
+  if (!(node instanceof AudioWorkletNode)) return true;
+  const now = getNodeTime(node);
+  const end = node?.parameters?.get('end').value ?? 0;
+  return now < end + 0.45;
+};
+
+// Attempt to get node from the pool. If this fails, fall back
+// to building it with the factory
+export const getNodeFromPool = (key, factory) => {
+  const pool = nodePools.get(key) ?? [];
+  let node;
+  let found = false;
+  while (pool.length) {
+    const ref = pool.pop();
+    node = ref?.deref();
+    if (node != null && isNodeAlive(node)) {
+      found = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!found) {
+    node = factory();
+  }
+  node[POOL_KEY] = key;
+  return node;
+};

packages/superdough/noise.mjs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { drywet } from './helpers.mjs';
+import { drywet, onceEnded, releaseAudioNode } from './helpers.mjs';
 import { getAudioContext } from './audioContext.mjs';
 
 let noiseCache = {};
@@ -65,9 +65,12 @@ export function getNoiseOscillator(type = 'white', t, density = 0.02) {
 export function getNoiseMix(inputNode, wet, t) {
   const noiseOscillator = getNoiseOscillator('pink', t);
   const noiseMix = drywet(inputNode, noiseOscillator.node, wet);
-  noiseOscillator.node.onended = () => noiseMix.onended();
+  onceEnded(noiseOscillator.node, () => {
+    releaseAudioNode(noiseOscillator.node);
+  });
   return {
     node: noiseMix.node,
     stop: (time) => noiseOscillator?.stop(time),
+    teardown: noiseMix.teardown,
   };
 }

packages/superdough/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "superdough",
-  "version": "1.2.6",
+  "version": "1.2.7",
   "description": "simple web audio synth and sampler intended for live coding. inspired by superdirt and webdirt.",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     "vite-plugin-bundle-audioworklet": "workspace:*"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@kabelsalat/lib": "^0.4.1",
     "nanostores": "^0.11.3"
   },
   "engines": {

packages/superdough/reverb.mjs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import reverbGen from './reverbGen.mjs';
 import { clamp } from './util.mjs';
 
 if (typeof AudioContext !== 'undefined') {
-  AudioContext.prototype.adjustLength = function (duration, buffer, speed = 1, offsetAmount = 0) {
+  BaseAudioContext.prototype.adjustLength = function (duration, buffer, speed = 1, offsetAmount = 0) {
     const sampleOffset = Math.floor(clamp(offsetAmount, 0, 1) * buffer.length);
     const newLength = buffer.sampleRate * duration;
     const newBuffer = this.createBuffer(buffer.numberOfChannels, buffer.length, buffer.sampleRate);
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ if (typeof AudioContext !== 'undefined') {
     return newBuffer;
   };
 
-  AudioContext.prototype.createReverb = function (duration, fade, lp, dim, ir, irspeed, irbegin) {
+  BaseAudioContext.prototype.createReverb = function (duration, fade, lp, dim, ir, irspeed, irbegin) {
     const convolver = this.createConvolver();
     convolver.generate = (d = 2, fade = 0.1, lp = 15000, dim = 1000, ir, irspeed, irbegin) => {
       convolver.duration = d;

packages/superdough/reverbGen.mjs

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+import { releaseAudioNode } from './helpers.mjs';
+
 var reverbGen = {};
 
 /** Generates a reverb impulse response.
@@ -104,8 +106,8 @@ var applyGradualLowpass = function (input, lpFreqStart, lpFreqEnd, lpFreqEndAt,
   player.start();
   context.oncomplete = function (event) {
     callback(event.renderedBuffer);
-    filter.disconnect();
-    player.disconnect();
+    releaseAudioNode(filter);
+    releaseAudioNode(player);
   };
   context.startRendering();
 

packages/superdough/sampler.mjs

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 import { getBaseURL, getCommonSampleInfo } from './util.mjs';
 import { registerSound, registerWaveTable } from './index.mjs';
 import { getAudioContext } from './audioContext.mjs';
-import { getADSRValues, getParamADSR, getPitchEnvelope, getVibratoOscillator } from './helpers.mjs';
+import {
+  getADSRValues,
+  getParamADSR,
+  getPitchEnvelope,
+  getVibratoOscillator,
+  onceEnded,
+  releaseAudioNode,
+} from './helpers.mjs';
 import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
 
 const bufferCache = {}; // string: Promise<ArrayBuffer>
@@ -58,21 +65,22 @@ export const getSampleBufferSource = async (hapValue, bank, resolveUrl) => {
   bufferSource.playbackRate.value = playbackRate;
 
   const { loopBegin = 0, loopEnd = 1, begin = 0, end = 1 } = hapValue;
+  const bufferDuration = bufferSource.buffer.duration;
 
-  // "The computation of the offset into the sound is performed using the sound buffer's natural sample rate,
-  // rather than the current playback rate, so even if the sound is playing at twice its normal speed,
-  // the midway point through a 10-second audio buffer is still 5."
-  const offset = begin * bufferSource.buffer.duration;
+  // The computation of the offset into the sound is performed using the sound buffer's natural duration,
+  // rather than the playback duration, so that even if the sound is playing at twice its normal speed,
+  // the midway point through a 10-second audio buffer is still 5.
+  const offset = begin * bufferDuration;
 
   const loop = hapValue.loop;
   if (loop) {
     bufferSource.loop = true;
-    bufferSource.loopStart = loopBegin * bufferSource.buffer.duration - offset;
-    bufferSource.loopEnd = loopEnd * bufferSource.buffer.duration - offset;
+    bufferSource.loopStart = loopBegin * bufferDuration;
+    bufferSource.loopEnd = loopEnd * bufferDuration;
   }
-  const bufferDuration = bufferSource.buffer.duration / bufferSource.playbackRate.value;
-  const sliceDuration = (end - begin) * bufferDuration;
-  return { bufferSource, offset, bufferDuration, sliceDuration };
+  const playbackDuration = bufferDuration / bufferSource.playbackRate.value;
+  const sliceDuration = (end - begin) * playbackDuration;
+  return { bufferSource, offset, bufferDuration, playbackDuration, sliceDuration };
 };
 
 export const loadBuffer = (url, ac, s, n = 0) => {
@@ -236,12 +244,6 @@ export async function fetchSampleMap(url) {
  *  sd: '808sd/SD0010.WAV'
  *  }, 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tidalcycles/Dirt-Samples/master/');
  * s("[bd ~]*2, [~ hh]*2, ~ sd")
- * @example
- * samples('shabda:noise,chimp:2')
- * s("noise <chimp:0*2 chimp:1>")
- * @example
- * samples('shabda/speech/fr-FR/f:chocolat')
- * s("chocolat*4")
  */
 
 export const samples = async (sampleMap, baseUrl = sampleMap._base || '', options = {}) => {
@@ -286,19 +288,21 @@ export async function onTriggerSample(t, value, onended, bank, resolveUrl) {
 
   const { bufferSource, sliceDuration, offset } = await getSampleBufferSource(value, bank, resolveUrl);
 
-  // asny stuff above took too long?
-  if (ac.currentTime > t) {
-    logger(`[sampler] still loading sound "${s}:${n}"`, 'highlight');
-    // console.warn('sample still loading:', s, n);
-    return;
-  }
   if (!bufferSource) {
     logger(`[sampler] could not load "${s}:${n}"`, 'error');
     return;
   }
 
+  // async stuff above took too long?
+  if (ac.currentTime > t) {
+    logger(`[sampler] loading sound "${s}:${n}" took too long`, 'highlight');
+    // AudioBufferSourceNode will never be used. discard it
+    releaseAudioNode(bufferSource);
+    return;
+  }
+
   // vibrato
-  let vibratoOscillator = getVibratoOscillator(bufferSource.detune, value, t);
+  const vibratoHandle = getVibratoOscillator(bufferSource.detune, value, t);
 
   const time = t + nudge;
   bufferSource.start(time, offset);
@@ -319,19 +323,19 @@ export async function onTriggerSample(t, value, onended, bank, resolveUrl) {
 
   const out = ac.createGain(); // we need a separate gain for the cutgroups because firefox...
   node.connect(out);
-  bufferSource.onended = function () {
-    bufferSource.disconnect();
-    vibratoOscillator?.stop();
-    node.disconnect();
-    out.disconnect();
+  onceEnded(bufferSource, function () {
+    releaseAudioNode(bufferSource);
+    vibratoHandle?.stop();
+    releaseAudioNode(node);
+    releaseAudioNode(out);
     onended();
-  };
+  });
   let envEnd = holdEnd + release + 0.01;
   bufferSource.stop(envEnd);
   const stop = (endTime) => {
     bufferSource.stop(endTime);
   };
-  const handle = { node: out, bufferSource, stop };
+  const handle = { node: out, nodes: { source: [bufferSource], ...vibratoHandle?.nodes }, stop };
 
   // cut groups
   if (cut !== undefined) {

packages/superdough/superdough.mjs

@@ -7,25 +7,50 @@ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under th
 import './feedbackdelay.mjs';
 import './reverb.mjs';
 import './vowel.mjs';
-import { nanFallback, _mod, cycleToSeconds, pickAndRename } from './util.mjs';
+import { clamp, nanFallback, _mod, cycleToSeconds, pickAndRename } from './util.mjs';
 import workletsUrl from './worklets.mjs?audioworklet';
-import { createFilter, gainNode, getCompressor, getDistortion, getLfo, getWorklet, effectSend } from './helpers.mjs';
+import { getNodeFromPool, isPoolable, releaseNodeToPool } from './nodePools.mjs';
+import {
+  createFilter,
+  effectSend,
+  gainNode,
+  getCompressor,
+  getDistortion,
+  getFrequencyFromValue,
+  getLfo,
+  getWorklet,
+  releaseAudioNode,
+  webAudioTimeout,
+} from './helpers.mjs';
 import { map } from 'nanostores';
 import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
+import { connectLFO, connectEnvelope, connectBusModulator } from './modulators.mjs';
 import { loadBuffer } from './sampler.mjs';
 import { getAudioContext } from './audioContext.mjs';
 import { SuperdoughAudioController } from './superdoughoutput.mjs';
+import { resetSeenKeys } from './wavetable.mjs';
 
 export const DEFAULT_MAX_POLYPHONY = 128;
 const DEFAULT_AUDIO_DEVICE_NAME = 'System Standard';
 
-let maxPolyphony = DEFAULT_MAX_POLYPHONY;
+export let maxPolyphony = DEFAULT_MAX_POLYPHONY;
 
+/**
+ * Set the max polyphony. If notes are ringing out via `release` then they will
+ * start to die out in first-in-first-out order once the max polyphony has been hit
+ *
+ * @name setMaxPolyphony
+ * @param {number} Max polyphony. Defaults to 128
+ * @example
+ * setMaxPolyphony(4)
+ * n(irand(24).seg(8)).scale("C#3:minor").room(1).release(4).gain(0.5)
+ *
+ */
 export function setMaxPolyphony(polyphony) {
   maxPolyphony = parseInt(polyphony) ?? DEFAULT_MAX_POLYPHONY;
 }
 
-let multiChannelOrbits = false;
+export let multiChannelOrbits = false;
 export function setMultiChannelOrbits(bool) {
   multiChannelOrbits = bool == true;
 }
@@ -43,6 +68,17 @@ export function applyGainCurve(val) {
   return gainCurveFunc(val);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Apply a function to all gains provided in patterns. Can be used to rescale gain to be
+ * quadratic, exponential, etc. rather than linear
+ *
+ * @name setGainCurve
+ * @param {Function} function to apply to all gain values
+ * @example
+ * setGainCurve((x) => x * x) // quadratic gain
+ * s("bd*4").gain(0.5) // equivalent to 0.25 gain normally
+ *
+ */
 export function setGainCurve(newGainCurveFunc) {
   gainCurveFunc = newGainCurveFunc;
 }
@@ -152,6 +188,7 @@ let defaultDefaultValues = {
   distortvol: 1,
   distorttype: 0,
   delay: 0,
+  busgain: 1,
   byteBeatExpression: '0',
   delayfeedback: 0.5,
   delaysync: 3 / 16,
@@ -159,6 +196,9 @@ let defaultDefaultValues = {
   i: 1,
   velocity: 1,
   fft: 8,
+  tremolodepth: 1,
+  tremolophase: 0,
+  release: 0.01,
 };
 
 const defaultDefaultDefaultValues = Object.freeze({ ...defaultDefaultValues });
@@ -203,11 +243,13 @@ export function registerWorklet(url) {
 }
 
 let workletsLoading;
-function loadWorklets() {
+export function loadWorklets() {
   if (!workletsLoading) {
     const audioCtx = getAudioContext();
     const allWorkletURLs = externalWorklets.concat([workletsUrl]);
-    workletsLoading = Promise.all(allWorkletURLs.map((workletURL) => audioCtx.audioWorklet.addModule(workletURL)));
+    workletsLoading = Promise.all(allWorkletURLs.map((workletURL) => audioCtx.audioWorklet.addModule(workletURL))).then(
+      () => (workletsLoading = undefined),
+    );
   }
 
   return workletsLoading;
@@ -224,6 +266,7 @@ export async function initAudio(options = {}) {
 
   setMaxPolyphony(maxPolyphony);
   setMultiChannelOrbits(multiChannelOrbits);
+  resetSeenKeys();
   if (typeof window === 'undefined') {
     return;
   }
@@ -245,8 +288,9 @@ export async function initAudio(options = {}) {
       logger('[superdough] failed to set audio interface', 'warning');
     }
   }
-
-  await audioCtx.resume();
+  if ((!audioCtx) instanceof OfflineAudioContext) {
+    await audioCtx.resume();
+  }
   if (disableWorklets) {
     logger('[superdough]: AudioWorklets disabled with disableWorklets');
     return;
@@ -263,8 +307,8 @@ let audioReady;
 export async function initAudioOnFirstClick(options) {
   if (!audioReady) {
     audioReady = new Promise((resolve) => {
-      document.addEventListener('click', async function listener() {
-        document.removeEventListener('click', listener);
+      document.addEventListener('mousedown', async function listener() {
+        document.removeEventListener('mousedown', listener);
         await initAudio(options);
         resolve();
       });
@@ -274,40 +318,43 @@ export async function initAudioOnFirstClick(options) {
 }
 
 let controller;
-function getSuperdoughAudioController() {
+export function getSuperdoughAudioController() {
   if (controller == null) {
     controller = new SuperdoughAudioController(getAudioContext());
   }
   return controller;
 }
+
+export function setSuperdoughAudioController(newController) {
+  controller = newController;
+  return controller;
+}
+
 export function connectToDestination(input, channels) {
   const controller = getSuperdoughAudioController();
   controller.output.connectToDestination(input, channels);
 }
 
-function getPhaser(time, end, frequency = 1, depth = 0.5, centerFrequency = 1000, sweep = 2000) {
+function getPhaser(begin, end, frequency = 1, depth = 0.5, centerFrequency = 1000, sweep = 2000) {
   const ac = getAudioContext();
-  const lfoGain = getLfo(ac, time, end, { frequency, depth: sweep * 2 });
+  const lfo = getLfo(ac, { frequency, depth: sweep * 2, begin, end });
 
   //filters
-  const numStages = 2; //num of filters in series
-  let fOffset = 0;
+  const numStages = 1; //num of filters in series
+  let fOffset = 282; //for backward compat in #1800
   const filterChain = [];
   for (let i = 0; i < numStages; i++) {
-    const filter = ac.createBiquadFilter();
+    const filter = getNodeFromPool('filter', () => ac.createBiquadFilter());
     filter.type = 'notch';
     filter.gain.value = 1;
     filter.frequency.value = centerFrequency + fOffset;
     filter.Q.value = 2 - Math.min(Math.max(depth * 2, 0), 1.9);
 
-    lfoGain.connect(filter.detune);
+    lfo.connect(filter.detune);
     fOffset += 282;
-    if (i > 0) {
-      filterChain[i - 1].connect(filter);
-    }
     filterChain.push(filter);
   }
-  return filterChain[filterChain.length - 1];
+  return { filterChain, lfo };
 }
 
 function getFilterType(ftype) {
@@ -320,7 +367,7 @@ export let analysers = {},
   analysersData = {};
 
 export function getAnalyserById(id, fftSize = 1024, smoothingTimeConstant = 0.5) {
-  if (!analysers[id]) {
+  if (!analysers[id] || analysers[id].context != getAudioContext()) {
     // make sure this doesn't happen too often as it piles up garbage
     const analyserNode = getAudioContext().createAnalyser();
     analyserNode.fftSize = fftSize;
@@ -361,7 +408,37 @@ function mapChannelNumbers(channels) {
   return (Array.isArray(channels) ? channels : [channels]).map((ch) => ch - 1);
 }
 
+class Chain {
+  constructor() {
+    this.audioNodes = [];
+    this.tails = [];
+  }
+  connect(...nodes) {
+    nodes.forEach((node) => {
+      this.tails.forEach((tail) => {
+        tail.connect(node);
+      });
+    });
+    this.tails = nodes;
+    this.audioNodes.push(...nodes);
+    return this;
+  }
+  connectOne(idx, node) {
+    this.tails[idx].connect(node);
+    this.tails[idx] = node;
+    this.audioNodes.push(node);
+    return this;
+  }
+  releaseNodes() {
+    this.audioNodes.forEach((n) => (isPoolable(n) ? releaseNodeToPool(n) : releaseAudioNode(n)));
+    this.audioNodes = [];
+    this.tails = [];
+  }
+}
+
 export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5) => {
+  // mapping from main FX and numbered FX chains to nodes
+  const nodes = { main: {} };
   // new: t is always expected to be the absolute target onset time
   const ac = getAudioContext();
   const audioController = getSuperdoughAudioController();
@@ -382,7 +459,6 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
   // duration is passed as value too..
   value.duration = hapDuration;
   // calculate absolute time
-
   if (t < ac.currentTime) {
     console.warn(
       `[superdough]: cannot schedule sounds in the past (target: ${t.toFixed(2)}, now: ${ac.currentTime.toFixed(2)})`,
@@ -391,49 +467,24 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
   }
   // destructure
   let {
-    tremolo,
-    tremolosync,
-    tremolodepth = 1,
-    tremoloskew,
-    tremolophase = 0,
-    tremoloshape,
     s = getDefaultValue('s'),
     bank,
     source,
-    gain = getDefaultValue('gain'),
     postgain = getDefaultValue('postgain'),
-    density = getDefaultValue('density'),
     duckorbit,
     duckonset,
     duckattack,
     duckdepth,
     djf,
-    // filters
-    fanchor = getDefaultValue('fanchor'),
-    release = 0,
-
-    //phaser
-    phaserrate: phaser,
-    phaserdepth = getDefaultValue('phaserdepth'),
-    phasersweep,
-    phasercenter,
-    //
-    coarse,
-
-    crush,
+    release = getDefaultValue('release'),
     dry,
-    shape,
-    shapevol = getDefaultValue('shapevol'),
-    distort,
-    distortvol = getDefaultValue('distortvol'),
-    distorttype = getDefaultValue('distorttype'),
-    pan,
-    vowel,
     delay = getDefaultValue('delay'),
     delayfeedback = getDefaultValue('delayfeedback'),
     delaysync = getDefaultValue('delaysync'),
     delaytime,
     orbit = getDefaultValue('orbit'),
+    bus,
+    busgain = getDefaultValue('busgain'),
     room,
     roomfade,
     roomlp,
@@ -443,14 +494,10 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
     irspeed,
     irbegin,
     i = getDefaultValue('i'),
-    velocity = getDefaultValue('velocity'),
     analyze, // analyser wet
     fft = getDefaultValue('fft'), // fftSize 0 - 10
-    compressor: compressorThreshold,
-    compressorRatio,
-    compressorKnee,
-    compressorAttack,
-    compressorRelease,
+    FX = [],
+    FXrelease,
   } = value;
 
   delaytime = delaytime ?? cycleToSeconds(delaysync, cps);
@@ -465,17 +512,13 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
     audioController.duck(duckorbit, t, duckonset, duckattack, duckdepth);
   }
 
-  gain = applyGainCurve(nanFallback(gain, 1));
   postgain = applyGainCurve(postgain);
-  shapevol = applyGainCurve(shapevol);
-  distortvol = applyGainCurve(distortvol);
   delay = applyGainCurve(delay);
-  velocity = applyGainCurve(velocity);
-  tremolodepth = applyGainCurve(tremolodepth);
-  gain *= velocity; // velocity currently only multiplies with gain. it might do other things in the future
+  busgain = applyGainCurve(busgain);
 
   const end = t + hapDuration;
-  const endWithRelease = end + release;
+  const fullRelease = Math.max(release, FXrelease ?? 0);
+  const endWithRelease = end + fullRelease;
   const chainID = Math.round(Math.random() * 1000000);
 
   // oldest audio nodes will be destroyed if maximum polyphony is exceeded
@@ -489,8 +532,6 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
     activeSoundSources.delete(chainID);
   }
 
-  let audioNodes = [];
-
   if (['-', '~', '_'].includes(s)) {
     return;
   }
@@ -499,21 +540,33 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
     value.s = s;
   }
 
+  const chain = new Chain(); // connection manager which tracks audio nodes for releasing
+
   // get source AudioNode
   let sourceNode;
   if (source) {
     sourceNode = source(t, value, hapDuration, cps);
+    nodes.main['source'] = [sourceNode];
   } else if (getSound(s)) {
     const { onTrigger } = getSound(s);
-    const onEnded = () => {
-      audioNodes.forEach((n) => n?.disconnect());
-      activeSoundSources.delete(chainID);
-    };
+
+    const onEnded = () =>
+      webAudioTimeout(
+        ac,
+        () => {
+          chain.releaseNodes();
+          activeSoundSources.delete(chainID);
+        },
+        0,
+        endWithRelease,
+      );
+
     const soundHandle = await onTrigger(t, value, onEnded, cps);
 
     if (soundHandle) {
       sourceNode = soundHandle.node;
       activeSoundSources.set(chainID, new WeakRef(soundHandle)); // allow GC
+      nodes.main = { ...nodes.main, ...soundHandle.nodes };
     }
   } else {
     throw new Error(`sound ${s} not found! Is it loaded?`);
@@ -528,176 +581,358 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
     logger('[webaudio] skip hap: still loading', ac.currentTime - t);
     return;
   }
-  const chain = []; // audio nodes that will be connected to each other sequentially
-  chain.push(sourceNode);
-  stretch !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'phase-vocoder-processor', { pitchFactor: stretch }));
 
-  // gain stage
-  chain.push(gainNode(gain));
+  chain.connect(sourceNode);
 
-  // filter
-  const ftype = getFilterType(value.ftype);
+  FX = [...FX, value]; // run through the FX chain and then run through all FX outside of it as well
+  for (let [idx, fx] of Object.entries(FX)) {
+    const key = idx == FX.length - 1 ? 'main' : idx;
+    nodes[key] ??= {};
+    const fxNodes = nodes[key];
+    let {
+      gain = getDefaultValue('gain'),
+      velocity = getDefaultValue('velocity'),
+      shapevol = getDefaultValue('shapevol'),
+      distorttype = getDefaultValue('distorttype'),
+      distortvol = getDefaultValue('distortvol'),
+      tremolodepth = getDefaultValue('tremolodepth'),
+      phaserdepth = getDefaultValue('phaserdepth'),
+      delay = getDefaultValue('delay'),
+      delayfeedback = getDefaultValue('delayfeedback'),
+      delaysync = getDefaultValue('delaysync'),
+      delaytime,
+      i = getDefaultValue('i'),
+    } = fx;
+    gain = applyGainCurve(nanFallback(gain, 1));
+    shapevol = applyGainCurve(shapevol);
+    distortvol = applyGainCurve(distortvol);
+    velocity = applyGainCurve(velocity);
+    tremolodepth = applyGainCurve(tremolodepth);
+    gain *= velocity; // velocity currently only multiplies with gain. it might do other things in the future
+    delaytime = delaytime ?? cycleToSeconds(delaysync, cps);
 
-  if (value.cutoff !== undefined) {
-    const lpMap = {
-      frequency: 'cutoff',
-      q: 'resonance',
-      attack: 'lpattack',
-      decay: 'lpdecay',
-      sustain: 'lpsustain',
-      release: 'lprelease',
-      env: 'lpenv',
-      anchor: 'fanchor',
-      model: 'ftype',
-      drive: 'drive',
-      rate: 'lprate',
-      sync: 'lpsync',
-      depth: 'lpdepth',
-      depthfrequency: 'lpdepthfrequency',
-      shape: 'lpshape',
-      dcoffset: 'lpdc',
-      skew: 'lpskew',
-    };
-    const lpParams = pickAndRename(value, lpMap);
-    lpParams.type = 'lowpass';
-    let lp = () => createFilter(ac, t, end, lpParams, cps, cycle);
-    chain.push(lp());
-    if (ftype === '24db') {
-      chain.push(lp());
+    // Kabelsalat
+    if (fx.workletSrc !== undefined) {
+      const workletNode = getWorklet(ac, 'generic-processor', {}, { outputChannelCount: [2] });
+      chain.connect(workletNode);
+      const workletSrc = fx.workletSrc
+        .replace(/\bpat\[(\d+)\]/g, (_, i) => fx.workletInputs[i])
+        .replaceAll('sFreq', getFrequencyFromValue(value))
+        .replaceAll('sGate', `cc('strudel-gate-${chainID}')`);
+      /* global compileKabel */
+      const { src, ugens, registers } = compileKabel(workletSrc);
+      workletNode.port.postMessage({ src, schema: { ugens, registers }, start: t, gateEnd: end, end: endWithRelease });
+    }
+
+    if (fx.stretch !== undefined) {
+      const phaseVocoder = getWorklet(ac, 'phase-vocoder-processor', { pitchFactor: fx.stretch });
+      chain.connect(phaseVocoder);
+      fxNodes['stretch'] = [phaseVocoder];
+    }
+
+    if (fx.transient !== undefined) {
+      const transProcessor = getWorklet(
+        ac,
+        'transient-processor',
+        {},
+        {
+          processorOptions: {
+            attack: fx.transient,
+            sustain: fx.transsustain,
+            begin: t,
+            end: endWithRelease,
+          },
+        },
+      );
+      chain.connect(transProcessor);
+      fxNodes['transient'] = transProcessor;
+    }
+
+    // gain stage
+    const initialGain = gainNode(gain);
+    fxNodes['gain'] = [initialGain];
+    chain.connect(initialGain);
+
+    // filter
+    const ftype = getFilterType(value.ftype);
+
+    const filt = (params) => createFilter(ac, t, end, params, cps, cycle);
+    if (fx.cutoff !== undefined) {
+      const lpMap = {
+        frequency: 'cutoff',
+        q: 'resonance',
+        attack: 'lpattack',
+        decay: 'lpdecay',
+        sustain: 'lpsustain',
+        release: 'lprelease',
+        env: 'lpenv',
+        anchor: 'fanchor',
+        model: 'ftype',
+        drive: 'drive',
+        rate: 'lprate',
+        sync: 'lpsync',
+        depth: 'lpdepth',
+        depthfrequency: 'lpdepthfrequency',
+        shape: 'lpshape',
+        dcoffset: 'lpdc',
+        skew: 'lpskew',
+      };
+      const lpParams = pickAndRename(fx, lpMap);
+      lpParams.type = 'lowpass';
+      const { filter: lpf1, lfo: lfo1 } = filt(lpParams);
+      fxNodes['lpf'] = [lpf1];
+      fxNodes['lpf_lfo'] = [lfo1];
+      chain.connect(lpf1);
+      lfo1 && chain.audioNodes.push(lfo1);
+      if (ftype === '24db') {
+        const { filter: lpf2, lfo: lfo2 } = filt(lpParams);
+        fxNodes['lpf'].push(lpf2);
+        fxNodes['lpf_lfo'].push(lfo2);
+        chain.connect(lpf2);
+        lfo2 && chain.audioNodes.push(lfo2);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (fx.hcutoff !== undefined) {
+      const hpMap = {
+        frequency: 'hcutoff',
+        q: 'hresonance',
+        attack: 'hpattack',
+        decay: 'hpdecay',
+        sustain: 'hpsustain',
+        release: 'hprelease',
+        env: 'hpenv',
+        anchor: 'fanchor',
+        model: 'ftype',
+        drive: 'drive',
+        rate: 'hprate',
+        sync: 'hpsync',
+        depth: 'hpdepth',
+        depthfrequency: 'hpdepthfrequency',
+        shape: 'hpshape',
+        dcoffset: 'hpdc',
+        skew: 'hpskew',
+      };
+      const hpParams = pickAndRename(fx, hpMap);
+      hpParams.type = 'highpass';
+      const { filter: hpf1, lfo: lfo1 } = filt(hpParams);
+      fxNodes['hpf'] = [hpf1];
+      fxNodes['hpf_lfo'] = [lfo1];
+      lfo1 && chain.audioNodes.push(lfo1);
+      chain.connect(hpf1);
+      if (ftype === '24db') {
+        const { filter: hpf2, lfo: lfo2 } = filt(hpParams);
+        fxNodes['hpf'].push(hpf2);
+        fxNodes['hpf_lfo'].push(lfo2);
+        chain.connect(hpf2);
+        lfo2 && chain.audioNodes.push(lfo2);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (fx.bandf !== undefined) {
+      const bpMap = {
+        frequency: 'bandf',
+        q: 'bandq',
+        attack: 'bpattack',
+        decay: 'bpdecay',
+        sustain: 'bpsustain',
+        release: 'bprelease',
+        env: 'bpenv',
+        anchor: 'fanchor',
+        model: 'ftype',
+        drive: 'drive',
+        rate: 'bprate',
+        sync: 'bpsync',
+        depth: 'bpdepth',
+        depthfrequency: 'bpdepthfrequency',
+        shape: 'bpshape',
+        dcoffset: 'bpdc',
+        skew: 'bpskew',
+      };
+      const bpParams = pickAndRename(fx, bpMap);
+      bpParams.type = 'bandpass';
+      const { filter: bpf1, lfo: lfo1 } = filt(bpParams);
+      fxNodes['bpf'] = [bpf1];
+      fxNodes['bpf_lfo'] = [lfo1];
+      chain.connect(bpf1);
+      lfo1 && chain.audioNodes.push(lfo1);
+      if (ftype === '24db') {
+        const { filter: bpf2, lfo: lfo2 } = filt(bpParams);
+        fxNodes['bpf'].push(bpf2);
+        fxNodes['bpf_lfo'].push(lfo2);
+        chain.connect(bpf2);
+        lfo2 && chain.audioNodes.push(lfo2);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (fx.vowel !== undefined) {
+      const vowelNode = ac.createVowelFilter(fx.vowel);
+      fxNodes['vowel'] = vowelNode.filters;
+      chain.connect(vowelNode);
+    }
+
+    // effects
+    if (fx.coarse !== undefined) {
+      const coarseNode = getWorklet(ac, 'coarse-processor', { coarse: fx.coarse });
+      fxNodes['coarse'] = [coarseNode];
+      chain.connect(coarseNode);
+    }
+    if (fx.crush !== undefined) {
+      const crushNode = getWorklet(ac, 'crush-processor', { crush: fx.crush });
+      fxNodes['crush'] = [crushNode];
+      chain.connect(crushNode);
+    }
+    if (fx.shape !== undefined) {
+      const shapeNode = getWorklet(ac, 'shape-processor', { shape: fx.shape, postgain: shapevol });
+      fxNodes['shape'] = [shapeNode];
+      chain.connect(shapeNode);
+    }
+    if (fx.distort !== undefined) {
+      const distortNode = getDistortion(fx.distort, distortvol, distorttype);
+      fxNodes['distort'] = [distortNode];
+      chain.connect(distortNode);
+    }
+
+    let tremolo = fx.tremolo;
+    if (fx.tremolosync != null) {
+      tremolo = cps * fx.tremolosync;
+    }
+
+    if (tremolo !== undefined) {
+      // Allow clipping of modulator for more dynamic possiblities, and to prevent speaker overload
+      // EX:  a triangle waveform will clip like this /-\ when the depth is above 1
+      const gain = Math.max(1 - tremolodepth, 0);
+      const amGain = new GainNode(ac, { gain });
+
+      const time = cycle / cps;
+      const lfo = getLfo(ac, {
+        skew: fx.tremoloskew ?? (fx.tremoloshape != null ? 0.5 : 1),
+        frequency: tremolo,
+        depth: tremolodepth,
+        time,
+        dcoffset: 0,
+        shape: fx.tremoloshape,
+        phaseoffset: fx.tremolophase,
+        min: 0,
+        max: 1,
+        curve: 1.5,
+        begin: t,
+        end: endWithRelease,
+      });
+      fxNodes['tremolo'] = [lfo];
+      fxNodes['tremolo_gain'] = [amGain];
+      lfo.connect(amGain.gain);
+      chain.audioNodes.push(lfo);
+      chain.connect(amGain);
+    }
+
+    if (fx.compressor !== undefined) {
+      const compressorNode = getCompressor(
+        ac,
+        fx.compressor,
+        fx.compressorRatio,
+        fx.compressorKnee,
+        fx.compressorAttack,
+        fx.compressorRelease,
+      );
+      fxNodes['compressor'] = [compressorNode];
+      chain.connect(compressorNode);
+    }
+
+    // panning
+    if (fx.pan !== undefined) {
+      const panner = ac.createStereoPanner();
+      fxNodes['pan'] = [panner];
+      panner.pan.value = 2 * fx.pan - 1;
+      chain.connect(panner);
+    }
+    // phaser
+    if (fx.phaserrate !== undefined && phaserdepth > 0) {
+      const { filterChain, lfo } = getPhaser(
+        t,
+        endWithRelease,
+        fx.phaserrate,
+        phaserdepth,
+        fx.phasercenter,
+        fx.phasersweep,
+      );
+      fxNodes['phaser'] = [...filterChain];
+      fxNodes['phaser_lfo'] = [lfo];
+      filterChain.forEach((f) => chain.connect(f));
+      chain.audioNodes.push(lfo);
+    }
+    // delay
+    if (key !== 'main' && delay > 0 && delaytime > 0 && delayfeedback > 0) {
+      const dry = gainNode(1);
+      delayfeedback = clamp(delayfeedback, 0, 0.98);
+      const delayNode = ac.createFeedbackDelay(1, delaytime, delayfeedback);
+      const wetDelay = gainNode(delay);
+      const dryDelay = gainNode(fx.dry ?? 1);
+      const sum = new GainNode(ac, { gain: 1, channelCount: 2, channelCountMode: 'explicit' });
+      chain
+        .connect(dry)
+        .connect(dryDelay, delayNode)
+        .connectOne(1, wetDelay) // connect delayNode -> wetDelay
+        .connect(sum);
+      chain.audioNodes.push(delayNode.feedbackGain, delayNode.delayGain);
+      fxNodes['delay'] = [delayNode];
+      fxNodes['delay_mix'] = [wetDelay];
+    }
+    // reverb
+    if (key !== 'main' && fx.room > 0) {
+      let roomIR;
+      if (fx.ir !== undefined) {
+        let url;
+        let sample = getSound(fx.ir);
+        if (Array.isArray(sample)) {
+          url = sample.data.samples[fx.i % sample.data.samples.length];
+        } else if (typeof sample === 'object') {
+          url = Object.values(sample.data.samples).flat()[i % Object.values(sample.data.samples).length];
+        }
+        roomIR = await loadBuffer(url, ac, fx.ir, 0);
+      }
+      const dry = gainNode(1);
+      const reverbNode = ac.createReverb(
+        fx.roomsize,
+        fx.roomfade,
+        fx.roomlp,
+        fx.roomdim,
+        roomIR,
+        fx.irspeed,
+        fx.irbegin,
+      );
+      const wetReverb = gainNode(fx.room);
+      const dryReverb = gainNode(fx.dry ?? 1);
+      const sum = new GainNode(ac, { gain: 1, channelCount: 2, channelCountMode: 'explicit' });
+      chain
+        .connect(dry)
+        .connect(dryReverb, reverbNode)
+        .connectOne(1, wetReverb) // connect reverbNode -> wetReverb
+        .connect(sum);
+      fxNodes['room'] = [reverbNode];
+      fxNodes['room_mix'] = [wetReverb];
     }
   }
 
-  if (value.hcutoff !== undefined) {
-    const hpMap = {
-      frequency: 'hcutoff',
-      q: 'hresonance',
-      attack: 'hpattack',
-      decay: 'hpdecay',
-      sustain: 'hpsustain',
-      release: 'hprelease',
-      env: 'hpenv',
-      anchor: 'fanchor',
-      model: 'ftype',
-      drive: 'drive',
-      rate: 'hprate',
-      sync: 'hpsync',
-      depth: 'hpdepth',
-      depthfrequency: 'hpdepthfrequency',
-      shape: 'hpshape',
-      dcoffset: 'hpdc',
-      skew: 'hpskew',
-    };
-    const hpParams = pickAndRename(value, hpMap);
-    hpParams.type = 'highpass';
-    let hp = () => createFilter(ac, t, end, hpParams, cps, cycle);
-    chain.push(hp());
-    if (ftype === '24db') {
-      chain.push(hp());
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (value.bandf !== undefined) {
-    const bpMap = {
-      frequency: 'bandf',
-      q: 'bandq',
-      attack: 'bpattack',
-      decay: 'bpdecay',
-      sustain: 'bpsustain',
-      release: 'bprelease',
-      env: 'bpenv',
-      anchor: 'fanchor',
-      model: 'ftype',
-      drive: 'drive',
-      rate: 'bprate',
-      sync: 'bpsync',
-      depth: 'bpdepth',
-      depthfrequency: 'bpdepthfrequency',
-      shape: 'bpshape',
-      dcoffset: 'bpdc',
-      skew: 'bpskew',
-    };
-    const bpParams = pickAndRename(value, bpMap);
-    bpParams.type = 'bandpass';
-    let bp = () => createFilter(ac, t, end, bpParams, cps, cycle);
-    chain.push(bp());
-    if (ftype === '24db') {
-      chain.push(bp());
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (vowel !== undefined) {
-    const vowelFilter = ac.createVowelFilter(vowel);
-    chain.push(vowelFilter);
-  }
-
-  // effects
-  coarse !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'coarse-processor', { coarse }));
-  crush !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'crush-processor', { crush }));
-  shape !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'shape-processor', { shape, postgain: shapevol }));
-  distort !== undefined && chain.push(getDistortion(distort, distortvol, distorttype));
-
-  if (tremolosync != null) {
-    tremolo = cps * tremolosync;
-  }
-
-  if (value.wtPosSynced != null) {
-    value.wtPosRate /= cps;
-  }
-
-  if (value.wtWarpSynced != null) {
-    value.wtWarpRate /= cps;
-  }
-
-  if (tremolo !== undefined) {
-    // Allow clipping of modulator for more dynamic possiblities, and to prevent speaker overload
-    // EX:  a triangle waveform will clip like this /-\ when the depth is above 1
-    const gain = Math.max(1 - tremolodepth, 0);
-    const amGain = new GainNode(ac, { gain });
-
-    const time = cycle / cps;
-    const lfo = getLfo(ac, t, endWithRelease, {
-      skew: tremoloskew ?? (tremoloshape != null ? 0.5 : 1),
-      frequency: tremolo,
-      depth: tremolodepth,
-      time,
-      dcoffset: 0,
-      shape: tremoloshape,
-      phaseoffset: tremolophase,
-      min: 0,
-      max: 1,
-      curve: 1.5,
-    });
-    lfo.connect(amGain.gain);
-    audioNodes.push(lfo);
-    chain.push(amGain);
-  }
-
-  compressorThreshold !== undefined &&
-    chain.push(
-      getCompressor(ac, compressorThreshold, compressorRatio, compressorKnee, compressorAttack, compressorRelease),
-    );
-
-  // panning
-  if (pan !== undefined) {
-    const panner = ac.createStereoPanner();
-    panner.pan.value = 2 * pan - 1;
-    chain.push(panner);
-  }
-  // phaser
-  if (phaser !== undefined && phaserdepth > 0) {
-    const phaserFX = getPhaser(t, endWithRelease, phaser, phaserdepth, phasercenter, phasersweep);
-    chain.push(phaserFX);
+  if (FXrelease !== undefined && FXrelease > release) {
+    const releaseNode = gainNode(1);
+    releaseNode.gain.setValueAtTime(1, end + release);
+    releaseNode.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0, endWithRelease);
+    chain.connect(releaseNode);
   }
 
   // last gain
   const post = new GainNode(ac, { gain: postgain });
-  chain.push(post);
+  nodes.main['post'] = [post];
+  chain.connect(post);
 
   // delay
   if (delay > 0 && delaytime > 0 && delayfeedback > 0) {
-    orbitBus.getDelay(delaytime, delayfeedback, t);
-    const send = orbitBus.sendDelay(post, delay);
-    audioNodes.push(send);
+    const delayNode = orbitBus.getDelay(delaytime, delayfeedback, t);
+    nodes.main['delay'] = [delayNode];
+    const delaySend = orbitBus.sendDelay(post, delay);
+    nodes.main['delay_mix'] = [delaySend];
+    chain.audioNodes.push(delaySend);
   }
   // reverb
   if (room > 0) {
@@ -712,33 +947,84 @@ export const superdough = async (value, t, hapDuration, cps = 0.5, cycle = 0.5)
       }
       roomIR = await loadBuffer(url, ac, ir, 0);
     }
-    orbitBus.getReverb(roomsize, roomfade, roomlp, roomdim, roomIR, irspeed, irbegin);
-    const send = orbitBus.sendReverb(post, room);
-    audioNodes.push(send);
+    const roomNode = orbitBus.getReverb(roomsize, roomfade, roomlp, roomdim, roomIR, irspeed, irbegin);
+    nodes.main['room'] = [roomNode];
+    const reverbSend = orbitBus.sendReverb(post, room);
+    nodes.main['room_mix'] = [reverbSend];
+    chain.audioNodes.push(reverbSend);
+  }
+  if (bus != null) {
+    const busNode = audioController.getBus(bus);
+    const busSend = effectSend(post, busNode, busgain);
+    chain.audioNodes.push(busSend);
   }
 
   if (djf != null) {
-    orbitBus.getDjf(djf, t);
+    const djfNode = orbitBus.getDjf(djf, t);
+    nodes.main['djf'] = [djfNode];
   }
 
   // analyser
-  if (analyze) {
+  if (analyze && !(ac instanceof OfflineAudioContext)) {
     const analyserNode = getAnalyserById(analyze, 2 ** (fft + 5));
     const analyserSend = effectSend(post, analyserNode, 1);
-    audioNodes.push(analyserSend);
+    chain.audioNodes.push(analyserSend);
   }
   if (dry != null) {
     dry = applyGainCurve(dry);
     const dryGain = new GainNode(ac, { gain: dry });
-    chain.push(dryGain);
+    chain.connect(dryGain);
     orbitBus.connectToOutput(dryGain);
   } else {
     orbitBus.connectToOutput(post);
   }
 
-  // connect chain elements together
-  chain.slice(1).reduce((last, current) => last.connect(current), chain[0]);
-  audioNodes = audioNodes.concat(chain);
+  // finally, now that `nodes` is populated, set up modulators
+  FX.forEach((fx, idx) => {
+    const key = idx === FX.length - 1 ? 'main' : idx;
+    if (fx.lfo) {
+      for (const id of fx.lfo.__ids) {
+        const params = fx.lfo[id];
+        params.fxi ??= key;
+        const lfo = connectLFO(
+          id,
+          {
+            ...params,
+            cps,
+            cycle,
+            begin: t,
+            end: endWithRelease,
+          },
+          nodes,
+        );
+        lfo && chain.audioNodes.push(lfo);
+      }
+    }
+    if (fx.env) {
+      for (const id of fx.env.__ids) {
+        const params = fx.env[id];
+        params.fxi ??= key;
+        const env = connectEnvelope(
+          id,
+          {
+            ...params,
+            begin: t,
+            end: endWithRelease,
+          },
+          nodes,
+        );
+        env && chain.audioNodes.push(env);
+      }
+    }
+    if (fx.bmod) {
+      for (const id of fx.bmod.__ids) {
+        const params = fx.bmod[id];
+        params.fxi ??= key;
+        const { toCleanup } = connectBusModulator({ ...params, begin: t, end: endWithRelease }, nodes, controller);
+        chain.audioNodes.push(...toCleanup);
+      }
+    }
+  });
 };
 
 export const superdoughTrigger = (t, hap, ct, cps) => {

packages/superdough/superdoughdata.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+superdoughdata.mjs - Data needed for running superdough (defaults, mappings, etc.)
+Copyright (C) 2025 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/superdough/superdoughdata.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+// Mapping from control name to webaudio node and parameter
+const CONTROL_TARGETS = {
+  stretch: { node: 'stretch', param: 'pitchFactor' },
+  gain: { node: 'gain', param: 'gain' },
+  postgain: { node: 'post', param: 'gain' },
+  pan: { node: 'pan', param: 'pan' },
+  tremolo: { node: 'tremolo', param: 'frequency' },
+  tremolosync: { node: 'tremolo', param: 'frequency' },
+  tremolodepth: { node: 'tremolo_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  tremoloskew: { node: 'tremolo', param: 'skew' },
+  tremolophase: { node: 'tremolo', param: 'phase' },
+  tremoloshape: { node: 'tremolo', param: 'shape' },
+
+  // MODULATORS
+  lfo: { node: 'lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  lfo_rate: { node: 'lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  lfo_sync: { node: 'lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  lfo_depth: { node: 'lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  lfo_depthabs: { node: 'lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  lfo_skew: { node: 'lfo', param: 'skew' },
+  lfo_curve: { node: 'lfo', param: 'curve' },
+  lfo_dcoffset: { node: 'lfo', param: 'dcoffset' },
+  env: { node: 'env', param: 'depth' },
+  env_attack: { node: 'env', param: 'attack' },
+  env_decay: { node: 'env', param: 'decay' },
+  env_sustain: { node: 'env', param: 'sustain' },
+  env_release: { node: 'env', param: 'release' },
+  bmod: { node: 'bmod', param: 'depth' },
+  bmod_depth: { node: 'bmod', param: 'depth' },
+  bmod_depthabs: { node: 'bmod', param: 'depth' },
+
+  // LPF
+  cutoff: { node: 'lpf', param: 'frequency' },
+  resonance: { node: 'lpf', param: 'Q' },
+  lprate: { node: 'lpf_lfo', param: 'rate' },
+  lpsync: { node: 'lpf_lfo', param: 'sync' },
+  lpdepth: { node: 'lpf_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  lpdepthfrequency: { node: 'lpf_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  lpshape: { node: 'lpf_lfo', param: 'shape' },
+  lpdc: { node: 'lpf_lfo', param: 'dcoffset' },
+  lpskew: { node: 'lpf_lfo', param: 'skew' },
+
+  // HPF
+  hcutoff: { node: 'hpf', param: 'frequency' },
+  hresonance: { node: 'hpf', param: 'Q' },
+  hprate: { node: 'hpf_lfo', param: 'rate' },
+  hpsync: { node: 'hpf_lfo', param: 'sync' },
+  hpdepth: { node: 'hpf_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  hpdepthfrequency: { node: 'hpf_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  hpshape: { node: 'hpf_lfo', param: 'shape' },
+  hpdc: { node: 'hpf_lfo', param: 'dcoffset' },
+  hpskew: { node: 'hpf_lfo', param: 'skew' },
+
+  // BPF
+  bandf: { node: 'bpf', param: 'frequency' },
+  bandq: { node: 'bpf', param: 'Q' },
+  bprate: { node: 'bpf_lfo', param: 'rate' },
+  bpsync: { node: 'bpf_lfo', param: 'sync' },
+  bpdepth: { node: 'bpf_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  bpdepthfrequency: { node: 'bpf_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  bpshape: { node: 'bpf_lfo', param: 'shape' },
+  bpdc: { node: 'bpf_lfo', param: 'dcoffset' },
+  bpskew: { node: 'bpf_lfo', param: 'skew' },
+
+  vowel: { node: 'vowel', param: 'frequency' },
+
+  // DISTORTION
+  coarse: { node: 'coarse', param: 'coarse' },
+  crush: { node: 'crush', param: 'crush' },
+  shape: { node: 'shape', param: 'shape' },
+  shapevol: { node: 'shape', param: 'postgain' },
+  distort: { node: 'distort', param: 'distort' },
+  distortvol: { node: 'distort', param: 'postgain' },
+  distorttype: { node: 'distort', param: 'distort' },
+
+  // COMPRESSOR
+  compressor: { node: 'compressor', param: 'threshold' },
+  compressorRatio: { node: 'compressor', param: 'ratio' },
+  compressorKnee: { node: 'compressor', param: 'knee' },
+  compressorAttack: { node: 'compressor', param: 'attack' },
+  compressorRelease: { node: 'compressor', param: 'release' },
+
+  // PHASER
+  phaserrate: { node: 'phaser_lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  phasersweep: { node: 'phaser_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  phasercenter: { node: 'phaser', param: 'frequency' },
+  phaserdepth: { node: 'phaser', param: 'Q' },
+
+  // ORBIT EFFECTS
+  delay: { node: 'delay_mix', param: 'gain' },
+  delaytime: { node: 'delay', param: 'delayTime' },
+  delayfeedback: { node: 'delay', param: 'feedback' },
+  delaysync: { node: 'delay', param: 'delayTime' },
+  dry: { node: 'dry', param: 'gain' },
+  room: { node: 'room_mix', param: 'gain' },
+  djf: { node: 'djf', param: 'value' },
+  busgain: { node: 'bus', param: 'gain' },
+
+  // SYNTHS
+  s: { node: 'source', param: 'frequency' },
+  detune: { node: 'source', param: 'freqspread' },
+  wt: { node: 'source', param: 'position' },
+  warp: { node: 'source', param: 'warp' },
+  freq: { node: 'source', param: 'frequency' },
+  note: { node: 'source', param: 'frequency' },
+  wtdc: { node: 'wt_lfo', param: 'dc' },
+  wtskew: { node: 'wt_lfo', param: 'skew' },
+  wtrate: { node: 'wt_lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  wtsync: { node: 'wt_lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  wtdepth: { node: 'wt_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  warpdc: { node: 'warp_lfo', param: 'dc' },
+  warpskew: { node: 'warp_lfo', param: 'skew' },
+  warprate: { node: 'warp_lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  warpsync: { node: 'warp_lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  warpdepth: { node: 'warp_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  fmi: { node: 'fm_1_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmi2: { node: 'fm_2_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmi3: { node: 'fm_3_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmi4: { node: 'fm_4_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmi5: { node: 'fm_5_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmi6: { node: 'fm_6_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmi7: { node: 'fm_7_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmi8: { node: 'fm_8_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  fmh: { node: 'fm_1', param: 'frequency' },
+  fmh2: { node: 'fm_2', param: 'frequency' },
+  fmh3: { node: 'fm_3', param: 'frequency' },
+  fmh4: { node: 'fm_4', param: 'frequency' },
+  fmh5: { node: 'fm_5', param: 'frequency' },
+  fmh6: { node: 'fm_6', param: 'frequency' },
+  fmh7: { node: 'fm_7', param: 'frequency' },
+  fmh8: { node: 'fm_8', param: 'frequency' },
+  pw: { node: 'source', param: 'pulsewidth' },
+  pwrate: { node: 'pw_lfo', param: 'frequency' },
+  pwsweep: { node: 'pw_lfo', param: 'depth' },
+  vib: { node: 'vib', param: 'frequency' },
+  vibmod: { node: 'vib_gain', param: 'gain' },
+  byteBeatStartTime: { node: 'source', param: 'byteBeatStartTime' },
+  spread: { node: 'source', param: 'panspread' },
+  transient: { node: 'transient', param: 'attack' },
+};
+
+export function getSuperdoughControlTargets() {
+  return CONTROL_TARGETS;
+}

packages/superdough/superdoughoutput.mjs

@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
+/*
+superdoughoutput.mjs - Output controller for superdough
+
+Handles setting up and mixing to the outputs as well as all global (orbit) effects
+
+Copyright (C) 2025 Strudel contributors - see <https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/packages/superdough/superdoughoutput.mjs>
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
 import { effectSend, getWorklet, webAudioTimeout } from './helpers.mjs';
 import { errorLogger } from './logger.mjs';
 import { clamp } from './util.mjs';
 
-let hasChanged = (now, before) => now !== undefined && now !== before;
+const hasChanged = (now, before) => now !== undefined && now !== before;
+// Node with fixed stereo channel count to prevent clicking when the input signal
+// switches from mono to stereo
+const getStereoNode = (ac) => new GainNode(ac, { gain: 1, channelCount: 2, channelCountMode: 'explicit' });
 
 export class Orbit {
   reverbNode;
@@ -11,10 +23,11 @@ export class Orbit {
   summingNode;
   djfNode;
   audioContext;
+
   constructor(audioContext) {
     this.audioContext = audioContext;
-    this.output = new GainNode(audioContext, { gain: 1, channelCount: 2, channelCountMode: 'explicit' });
-    this.summingNode = new GainNode(audioContext, { gain: 1, channelCount: 2, channelCountMode: 'explicit' });
+    this.output = getStereoNode(audioContext);
+    this.summingNode = getStereoNode(audioContext);
     this.summingNode.connect(this.output);
   }
 
@@ -34,6 +47,7 @@ export class Orbit {
     }
     const val = this.djfNode.parameters.get('value');
     val.setValueAtTime(value, t);
+    return this.djfNode;
   }
 
   getDelay(delaytime = 0, feedback = 0.5, t) {
@@ -164,6 +178,7 @@ export class SuperdoughAudioController {
   audioContext;
   output;
   nodes = {};
+  buses = {};
 
   constructor(audioContext) {
     this.audioContext = audioContext;
@@ -171,10 +186,14 @@ export class SuperdoughAudioController {
   }
 
   reset() {
-    Array.from(this.nodes).forEach((node) => {
+    Object.values(this.nodes).forEach((node) => {
       node.disconnect();
     });
+    Object.values(this.buses).forEach((bus) => {
+      bus.disconnect();
+    });
     this.nodes = {};
+    this.buses = {};
     this.output.reset();
   }
 
@@ -206,4 +225,11 @@ export class SuperdoughAudioController {
     }
     return this.nodes[orbitNum];
   }
+
+  getBus(busNum) {
+    if (this.buses[busNum] == null) {
+      this.buses[busNum] = getStereoNode(this.audioContext);
+    }
+    return this.buses[busNum];
+  }
 }

packages/superdough/synth.mjs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import { clamp } from './util.mjs';
-import { registerSound, soundMap } from './superdough.mjs';
+import { getSuperdoughAudioController, registerSound, soundMap } from './superdough.mjs';
 import { getAudioContext } from './audioContext.mjs';
 import {
   applyFM,
-  destroyAudioWorkletNode,
   gainNode,
   getADSRValues,
   getFrequencyFromValue,
@@ -13,12 +12,15 @@ import {
   getVibratoOscillator,
   getWorklet,
   noises,
+  onceEnded,
+  releaseAudioNode,
   webAudioTimeout,
 } from './helpers.mjs';
 import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
 import { getNoiseMix, getNoiseOscillator } from './noise.mjs';
+import { getNodeFromPool, releaseNodeToPool } from './nodePools.mjs';
 
-const waveforms = ['triangle', 'square', 'sawtooth', 'sine', 'user'];
+const waveforms = ['triangle', 'square', 'sawtooth', 'sine', 'user', 'one'];
 const waveformAliases = [
   ['tri', 'triangle'],
   ['sqr', 'square'],
@@ -51,17 +53,17 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
         // turn down
         const g = gainNode(0.3);
 
-        let sound = getOscillator(s, t, value, () => {
-          g.disconnect();
+        const sound = getOscillator(s, t, value, () => {
+          releaseAudioNode(g);
           onended();
         });
 
-        let { node: o, stop, triggerRelease } = sound;
+        const { node: o, nodes, stop, triggerRelease } = sound;
 
         const { duration } = value;
 
         const envGain = gainNode(1);
-        let node = o.connect(g).connect(envGain);
+        const node = o.connect(g).connect(envGain);
         const holdEnd = t + duration;
         getParamADSR(node.gain, attack, decay, sustain, release, 0, 1, t, holdEnd, 'linear');
         const envEnd = holdEnd + release + 0.01;
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
         stop(envEnd);
         return {
           node,
+          nodes,
           stop: (endTime) => {
             stop(endTime);
           },
@@ -110,15 +113,15 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
 
       const mix = gainNode(mixGain);
 
-      o.onended = () => {
-        o.disconnect();
-        g.disconnect();
-        sat.disconnect();
-        noise.node.disconnect();
-        noiseGain.disconnect();
-        mix.disconnect();
+      onceEnded(o, () => {
+        releaseAudioNode(o);
+        releaseAudioNode(g);
+        releaseAudioNode(sat);
+        releaseAudioNode(noise.node);
+        releaseAudioNode(noiseGain);
+        releaseAudioNode(mix);
         onended();
-      };
+      });
 
       const node = o.connect(sat).connect(g).connect(mix);
       noise.node.connect(noiseGain).connect(mix);
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
 
       return {
         node,
+        nodes: { source: [o] },
         stop: (endTime) => {
           o.stop(endTime);
         },
@@ -164,26 +168,26 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
       const end = holdend + release + 0.01;
       const voices = clamp(unison, 1, 100);
       let panspread = voices > 1 ? clamp(spread, 0, 1) : 0;
-      let o = getWorklet(
-        ac,
-        'supersaw-oscillator',
-        {
-          frequency,
-          begin,
-          end,
-          freqspread: detune,
-          voices,
-          panspread,
-        },
-        {
-          outputChannelCount: [2],
-        },
-      );
-
+      const params = {
+        frequency,
+        begin,
+        end,
+        freqspread: detune,
+        voices,
+        panspread,
+      };
+      const factory = () => new AudioWorkletNode(ac, 'supersaw-oscillator', { outputChannelCount: [2] });
+      const o = getNodeFromPool('supersaw', factory);
+      Object.entries(params).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        const param = o.parameters.get(key);
+        const target = value !== undefined ? value : param.defaultValue;
+        param.value = target;
+      });
+      o.port.postMessage({ type: 'initialize' });
       const gainAdjustment = 1 / Math.sqrt(voices);
       getPitchEnvelope(o.parameters.get('detune'), value, begin, holdend);
-      const vibratoOscillator = getVibratoOscillator(o.parameters.get('detune'), value, begin);
-      const fm = applyFM(o.parameters.get('frequency'), value, begin);
+      const vibratoHandle = getVibratoOscillator(o.parameters.get('detune'), value, begin);
+      const fmHandle = applyFM(o.parameters.get('frequency'), value, begin);
       let envGain = gainNode(1);
       envGain = o.connect(envGain);
 
@@ -192,11 +196,10 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
       let timeoutNode = webAudioTimeout(
         ac,
         () => {
-          destroyAudioWorkletNode(o);
-          envGain.disconnect();
+          releaseNodeToPool(o);
           onended();
-          fm?.stop();
-          vibratoOscillator?.stop();
+          fmHandle?.stop();
+          vibratoHandle?.stop();
         },
         begin,
         end,
@@ -204,6 +207,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
 
       return {
         node: envGain,
+        nodes: { source: [o], ...fmHandle?.nodes, ...vibratoHandle?.nodes },
         stop: (time) => {
           timeoutNode.stop(time);
         },
@@ -270,8 +274,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
       let timeoutNode = webAudioTimeout(
         ac,
         () => {
-          destroyAudioWorkletNode(o);
-          envGain.disconnect();
+          releaseAudioNode(o);
           onended();
         },
         begin,
@@ -280,6 +283,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
 
       return {
         node: envGain,
+        source: o,
         stop: (time) => {
           timeoutNode.stop(time);
         },
@@ -330,26 +334,25 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
       );
 
       getPitchEnvelope(o.parameters.get('detune'), value, begin, holdend);
-      const vibratoOscillator = getVibratoOscillator(o.parameters.get('detune'), value, begin);
-      const fm = applyFM(o.parameters.get('frequency'), value, begin);
+      const vibratoHandle = getVibratoOscillator(o.parameters.get('detune'), value, begin);
+      const fmHandle = applyFM(o.parameters.get('frequency'), value, begin);
       let envGain = gainNode(1);
       envGain = o.connect(envGain);
 
       getParamADSR(envGain.gain, attack, decay, sustain, release, 0, 1, begin, holdend, 'linear');
-      let lfo;
+      let pw_lfo;
       if (pwsweep != 0) {
-        lfo = getLfo(ac, begin, end, { frequency: pwrate, depth: pwsweep });
-        lfo.connect(o.parameters.get('pulsewidth'));
+        pw_lfo = getLfo(ac, { frequency: pwrate, depth: pwsweep, begin, end });
+        pw_lfo.connect(o.parameters.get('pulsewidth'));
       }
       let timeoutNode = webAudioTimeout(
         ac,
         () => {
-          destroyAudioWorkletNode(o);
-          destroyAudioWorkletNode(lfo);
-          envGain.disconnect();
+          releaseAudioNode(o);
+          releaseAudioNode(pw_lfo);
           onended();
-          fm?.stop();
-          vibratoOscillator?.stop();
+          fmHandle?.stop();
+          vibratoHandle?.stop();
         },
         begin,
         end,
@@ -357,6 +360,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
 
       return {
         node: envGain,
+        nodes: { source: [o], pw_lfo: [pw_lfo], ...fmHandle?.nodes, ...vibratoHandle?.nodes },
         stop: (time) => {
           timeoutNode.stop(time);
         },
@@ -365,6 +369,41 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
     { prebake: true, type: 'synth' },
   );
 
+  registerSound(
+    'bus',
+    (begin, value, onended) => {
+      const ac = getAudioContext();
+      const [attack, decay, sustain, release] = getADSRValues(
+        [value.attack, value.decay, value.sustain, value.release],
+        'linear',
+        [0.001, 0.05, 1, 0.01],
+      );
+      const holdend = begin + value.duration;
+      const end = holdend + release + 0.01;
+      const bus = getSuperdoughAudioController().getBus(value.n ?? 0);
+      const envGain = bus.connect(gainNode(0));
+      getParamADSR(envGain.gain, attack, decay, sustain, release, 0, 1, begin, holdend, 'linear');
+      const timeoutNode = webAudioTimeout(
+        ac,
+        () => {
+          bus.disconnect(envGain);
+          onended();
+        },
+        begin,
+        end,
+      );
+
+      return {
+        node: envGain,
+        nodes: { source: [bus] },
+        stop: (time) => {
+          timeoutNode.stop(time);
+        },
+      };
+    },
+    { prebake: true, type: 'input' },
+  );
+
   [...noises].forEach((s) => {
     registerSound(
       s,
@@ -387,11 +426,11 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
 
         const { duration } = value;
 
-        o.onended = () => {
-          o.disconnect();
-          g.disconnect();
+        onceEnded(o, () => {
+          releaseAudioNode(o);
+          releaseAudioNode(g);
           onended();
-        };
+        });
 
         const envGain = gainNode(1);
         let node = o.connect(g).connect(envGain);
@@ -402,6 +441,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
         stop(envEnd);
         return {
           node,
+          nodes: { source: [o] },
           stop: (endTime) => {
             stop(endTime);
           },
@@ -469,8 +509,17 @@ export function getOscillator(s, t, value, onended) {
     s = 'triangle';
   }
   s = s === 'user' && !partials ? 'triangle' : s;
-  // If no partials are given, use stock waveforms
-  if (!partials || partials?.length === 0 || s === 'sine') {
+  if (s === 'one') {
+    // Constant 1 oscillator (used for modulation)
+    o = new ConstantSourceNode(getAudioContext(), { offset: 1 });
+    o.start(t);
+    return {
+      node: o,
+      nodes: { source: o },
+      stop: (time) => o?.stop(time),
+    };
+  } else if (!partials || partials?.length === 0 || s === 'sine') {
+    // If no partials are given, use stock waveforms
     o = getAudioContext().createOscillator();
     o.type = s || 'triangle';
   }
@@ -481,29 +530,31 @@ export function getOscillator(s, t, value, onended) {
   // set frequency
   o.frequency.value = getFrequencyFromValue(value);
 
-  let vibratoOscillator = getVibratoOscillator(o.detune, value, t);
+  const vibratoHandle = getVibratoOscillator(o.detune, value, t);
 
   // pitch envelope
   getPitchEnvelope(o.detune, value, t, t + duration);
-  const fmModulator = applyFM(o.frequency, value, t);
+  const fmHandle = applyFM(o.frequency, value, t);
 
   let noiseMix;
   if (noise) {
     noiseMix = getNoiseMix(o, noise, t);
   }
 
-  o.onended = () => {
-    o.disconnect();
-    noiseMix?.node.disconnect();
+  onceEnded(o, () => {
+    noiseMix?.teardown();
+    releaseAudioNode(o);
+    releaseAudioNode(noiseMix?.node);
     onended();
-  };
+  });
   o.start(t);
 
   return {
     node: noiseMix?.node || o,
+    nodes: { source: [o], ...vibratoHandle?.nodes, ...fmHandle?.nodes },
     stop: (time) => {
-      fmModulator.stop(time);
-      vibratoOscillator?.stop(time);
+      fmHandle.stop(time);
+      vibratoHandle?.stop(time);
       noiseMix?.stop(time);
       o.stop(time);
     },

packages/superdough/vowel.mjs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { releaseAudioNode } from './helpers.mjs';
+
 // credits to webdirt: https://github.com/dktr0/WebDirt/blob/41342e81d6ad694a2310d491fef7b7e8b0929efe/js-src/Graph.js#L597
 export var vowelFormant = {
   a: { freqs: [660, 1120, 2750, 3000, 3350], gains: [1, 0.5012, 0.0708, 0.0631, 0.0126], qs: [80, 90, 120, 130, 140] },
@@ -45,7 +47,9 @@ if (typeof GainNode !== 'undefined') {
         throw new Error('vowel: unknown vowel ' + letter);
       }
       const { gains, qs, freqs } = vowelFormant[letter];
-      const makeupGain = ac.createGain();
+      this.makeupGain = ac.createGain();
+      this.filters = [];
+      this.gains = [];
       for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
         const gain = ac.createGain();
         gain.gain.value = gains[i];
@@ -53,17 +57,30 @@ if (typeof GainNode !== 'undefined') {
         filter.type = 'bandpass';
         filter.Q.value = qs[i];
         filter.frequency.value = freqs[i];
-        this.connect(filter);
+        super.connect(filter);
         filter.connect(gain);
-        gain.connect(makeupGain);
+        this.filters.push(filter);
+        gain.connect(this.makeupGain);
+        this.gains.push(gain);
       }
-      makeupGain.gain.value = 8; // how much makeup gain to add?
-      this.connect = (target) => makeupGain.connect(target);
+      this.makeupGain.gain.value = 8; // how much makeup gain to add?
       return this;
     }
+    connect(target) {
+      this.makeupGain.connect(target);
+    }
+    disconnect() {
+      releaseAudioNode(this.makeupGain);
+      this.filters.forEach(releaseAudioNode);
+      this.gains.forEach(releaseAudioNode);
+      super.disconnect();
+      this.makeupGain = null;
+      this.filters = null;
+      this.gains = null;
+    }
   }
 
-  AudioContext.prototype.createVowelFilter = function (letter) {
+  BaseAudioContext.prototype.createVowelFilter = function (letter) {
     return new VowelNode(this, letter);
   };
 }

packages/superdough/wavetable.mjs

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ import { getBaseURL, getCommonSampleInfo } from './util.mjs';
 import {
   applyFM,
   applyParameterModulators,
-  destroyAudioWorkletNode,
   getADSRValues,
   getFrequencyFromValue,
   getParamADSR,
   getPitchEnvelope,
   getVibratoOscillator,
-  getWorklet,
   webAudioTimeout,
+  releaseAudioNode,
 } from './helpers.mjs';
+import { getNodeFromPool, releaseNodeToPool } from './nodePools.mjs';
 import { logger } from './logger.mjs';
 
 export const Warpmode = Object.freeze({
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ export const Warpmode = Object.freeze({
 });
 
 const seenKeys = new Set();
+
+export function resetSeenKeys() {
+  seenKeys.clear();
+}
+
 async function getPayload(url, label, frameLen = 2048) {
   const key = `${url},${frameLen}`;
   if (!seenKeys.has(key)) {
@@ -225,24 +230,26 @@ export async function onTriggerSynth(t, value, onended, tables, cps, frameLen) {
   }
   const endWithRelease = holdEnd + release;
   const envEnd = endWithRelease + 0.01;
-  const source = getWorklet(
-    ac,
-    'wavetable-oscillator-processor',
-    {
-      begin: t,
-      end: envEnd,
-      frequency,
-      freqspread: value.detune,
-      position: value.wt,
-      warp: value.warp,
-      warpMode: warpmode,
-      voices: Math.max(value.unison ?? 1, 1),
-      panspread: value.spread,
-      phaserand: (value.wtphaserand ?? value.unison > 1) ? 1 : 0,
-    },
-    { outputChannelCount: [2] },
-  );
-  source.port.postMessage({ type: 'table', payload });
+  const params = {
+    begin: t,
+    end: envEnd,
+    frequency,
+    freqspread: value.detune,
+    position: value.wt,
+    warp: value.warp,
+    warpMode: warpmode,
+    voices: Math.max(value.unison ?? 1, 1),
+    panspread: value.spread,
+    phaserand: (value.wtphaserand ?? value.unison > 1) ? 1 : 0,
+  };
+  const factory = () => new AudioWorkletNode(ac, 'wavetable-oscillator-processor', { outputChannelCount: [2] });
+  const source = getNodeFromPool('wavetable', factory);
+  Object.entries(params).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+    const param = source.parameters.get(key);
+    const target = value !== undefined ? value : param.defaultValue;
+    param.value = target;
+  });
+  source.port.postMessage({ type: 'initialize', payload });
   if (ac.currentTime > t) {
     logger(`[wavetable] still loading sound "${s}:${n}"`, 'highlight');
     return;
@@ -309,22 +316,30 @@ export async function onTriggerSynth(t, value, onended, tables, cps, frameLen) {
       dcoffset: value.warpdc ?? 0,
     },
   );
-  const vibratoOscillator = getVibratoOscillator(source.parameters.get('detune'), value, t);
-  const fm = applyFM(source.parameters.get('frequency'), value, t);
+  const vibratoHandle = getVibratoOscillator(source.parameters.get('detune'), value, t);
+  const fmHandle = applyFM(source.parameters.get('frequency'), value, t);
   const envGain = ac.createGain();
   const node = source.connect(envGain);
   getParamADSR(node.gain, attack, decay, sustain, release, 0, 0.3, t, holdEnd, 'linear');
   getPitchEnvelope(source.parameters.get('detune'), value, t, holdEnd);
-  const handle = { node, source };
+  const handle = {
+    node,
+    nodes: {
+      source: [source],
+      wt_lfo: [wtPosModulators],
+      warp_lfo: [wtWarpModulators],
+      ...fmHandle?.nodes,
+      ...vibratoHandle?.nodes,
+    },
+  };
   const timeoutNode = webAudioTimeout(
     ac,
     () => {
-      destroyAudioWorkletNode(source);
-      vibratoOscillator?.stop();
-      fm?.stop();
-      node.disconnect();
-      wtPosModulators?.disconnect();
-      wtWarpModulators?.disconnect();
+      releaseNodeToPool(source);
+      vibratoHandle?.stop();
+      fmHandle?.stop();
+      releaseAudioNode(wtPosModulators);
+      releaseAudioNode(wtWarpModulators);
       onended();
     },
     t,

packages/superdough/worklets.mjs

@@ -5,12 +5,18 @@
 import OLAProcessor from './ola-processor';
 import FFT from './fft.js';
 import { getDistortionAlgorithm } from './helpers.mjs';
+import * as ugens from '@kabelsalat/lib/src/ugens.js';
+
+const UGENS = new Map(Object.entries(ugens));
 
 const blockSize = 128;
 const PI = Math.PI;
 const TWO_PI = 2 * PI;
 const INVSR = 1 / sampleRate;
 
+const timeToCoeff = (t) => 1 - Math.exp(-INVSR / t);
+const dbToLin = (db) => Math.pow(10, db / 20);
+
 const clamp = (num, min, max) => Math.min(Math.max(num, min), max);
 const mod = (n, m) => ((n % m) + m) % m;
 const lerp = (a, b, n) => n * (b - a) + a;
@@ -121,8 +127,8 @@ class LFOProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
       { name: 'shape', defaultValue: 0 },
       { name: 'curve', defaultValue: 1 },
       { name: 'dcoffset', defaultValue: 0 },
-      { name: 'min', defaultValue: 0 },
-      { name: 'max', defaultValue: 1 },
+      { name: 'min', defaultValue: -1e9 },
+      { name: 'max', defaultValue: 1e9 },
     ];
   }
 
@@ -140,7 +146,8 @@ class LFOProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
 
   process(_inputs, outputs, parameters) {
     const begin = parameters['begin'][0];
-    if (currentTime >= parameters.end[0]) {
+    const end = parameters['end'][0];
+    if (currentTime >= end) {
       return false;
     }
     if (currentTime <= begin) {
@@ -158,6 +165,7 @@ class LFOProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
     const curve = parameters['curve'][0];
 
     const dcoffset = parameters['dcoffset'][0];
+
     const min = parameters['min'][0];
     const max = parameters['max'][0];
     const shape = waveShapeNames[parameters['shape'][0]];
@@ -458,22 +466,31 @@ registerProcessor('distort-processor', DistortProcessor);
 class SuperSawOscillatorProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
   constructor() {
     super();
+    this.port.onmessage = (e) => {
+      const { type, payload } = e.data || {};
+      if (type === 'initialize') {
+        this.initialize(payload);
+      }
+    };
+    this.initialize();
+  }
+  initialize(_options) {
     this.phase = [];
   }
   static get parameterDescriptors() {
     return [
       {
         name: 'begin',
-        defaultValue: 0,
+        defaultValue: -1,
         max: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
-        min: 0,
+        min: -1,
       },
 
       {
         name: 'end',
-        defaultValue: 0,
+        defaultValue: -1,
         max: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
-        min: 0,
+        min: -1,
       },
 
       {
@@ -508,12 +525,18 @@ class SuperSawOscillatorProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
     ];
   }
   process(_input, outputs, params) {
-    if (currentTime <= params.begin[0]) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    if (currentTime >= params.end[0]) {
-      // this.port.postMessage({ type: 'onended' });
+    const begin = params.begin[0];
+    const end = params.end[0];
+    const beginDefined = begin >= 0;
+    const endDefined = end >= 0;
+    // We give a 0.5s grace period (for node pooling) before termination
+    const shouldTerminate = endDefined && currentTime >= end + 0.5;
+    const ended = endDefined && currentTime >= end;
+    const notStarted = currentTime <= begin;
+    if (shouldTerminate) {
       return false;
+    } else if (ended || notStarted || !beginDefined) {
+      return true;
     }
     const output = outputs[0];
     const voices = params.voices[0]; // k-rate
@@ -963,7 +986,9 @@ class EnvelopeProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
       { name: 'attackCurve', defaultValue: 0, minValue: -1, maxValue: 1 },
       { name: 'decayCurve', defaultValue: 0, minValue: -1, maxValue: 1 },
       { name: 'releaseCurve', defaultValue: 0, minValue: -1, maxValue: 1 },
-      { name: 'peak', defaultValue: 1 },
+      { name: 'depth', defaultValue: 1 },
+      { name: 'min', defaultValue: -1e9 },
+      { name: 'max', defaultValue: 1e9 },
       { name: 'retrigger', defaultValue: 1, minValue: 0, maxValue: 1 },
     ];
   }
@@ -1005,9 +1030,15 @@ class EnvelopeProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
   }
 
   process(_inputs, outputs, params) {
+    const begin = params['begin'][0];
+    const end = params['end'][0];
+    if (currentTime >= end) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (currentTime <= begin) {
+      return true;
+    }
     const out = outputs[0][0];
-    if (!out) return true;
-    const begin = pv(params.begin, 0);
     const retrigger = pv(params.retrigger, 0) >= 0.5; // convert to bool
     if (begin !== this.beginTime && (this.state === 0 || retrigger)) {
       // triggered
@@ -1025,7 +1056,9 @@ class EnvelopeProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
       const aCurve = pv(params.attackCurve, i);
       const dCurve = pv(params.decayCurve, i);
       const rCurve = pv(params.releaseCurve, i);
-      const peak = pv(params.peak, i);
+      const depth = pv(params.depth, i);
+      const min = pv(params.min, i);
+      const max = pv(params.max, i);
       const states = [
         { time: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, start: 0, target: 0 }, // idle
         { time: attack, start: this.attackStart, target: 1, curve: aCurve },
@@ -1039,7 +1072,7 @@ class EnvelopeProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
         this.state = (this.state + 1) % states.length;
         time = states[this.state].time;
       }
-      out[i] = this.val * peak;
+      out[i] = clamp(this.val * depth, min, max);
     }
     return true;
   }
@@ -1118,8 +1151,8 @@ const tablesCache = {};
 class WavetableOscillatorProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
   static get parameterDescriptors() {
     return [
-      { name: 'begin', defaultValue: 0, min: 0, max: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY },
-      { name: 'end', defaultValue: 0, min: 0, max: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY },
+      { name: 'begin', defaultValue: -1, min: -1, max: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY },
+      { name: 'end', defaultValue: -1, min: -1, max: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY },
       { name: 'frequency', defaultValue: 440, min: Number.EPSILON },
       { name: 'detune', defaultValue: 0 },
       { name: 'freqspread', defaultValue: 0.18, min: 0 },
@@ -1134,37 +1167,28 @@ class WavetableOscillatorProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
 
   constructor(options) {
     super(options);
-    this.frameLen = 0;
-    this.numFrames = 0;
-    this.phase = [];
-
     this.port.onmessage = (e) => {
       const { type, payload } = e.data || {};
-      if (type === 'table') {
-        const key = payload.key;
-        this.frameLen = payload.frameLen;
-        if (!tablesCache[key]) {
-          const tables = [payload.frames];
-          let table = tables[0];
-          for (let level = 1; level < 1; level++) {
-            const nextLen = table.length >> 1;
-            const nextTable = table.map((frame) => {
-              const avg = new Float32Array(nextLen);
-              for (let i = 0; i < nextLen; i++) {
-                avg[i] = (frame[2 * i] + frame[2 * i + 1]) / 2;
-              }
-              return avg;
-            });
-            tables.push(nextTable);
-            table = nextTable;
-            if (nextLen <= 32) break;
-          }
-          tablesCache[key] = tables;
-        }
-        this.tables = tablesCache[key];
-        this.numFrames = this.tables[0].length;
+      if (type === 'initialize') {
+        this.initialize(payload);
       }
     };
+    this.initialize();
+  }
+  initialize(options) {
+    this.table = null;
+    this.frameLen = null;
+    this.numFrames = null;
+    this.phase = [];
+    if (options?.key) {
+      const key = options.key;
+      this.frameLen = options.frameLen;
+      if (!tablesCache[key]) {
+        tablesCache[key] = options.frames;
+      }
+      this.table = tablesCache[key];
+      this.numFrames = this.table.length;
+    }
   }
 
   _mirror(x) {
@@ -1309,25 +1333,23 @@ class WavetableOscillatorProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
     return a + (b - a) * frac;
   }
 
-  _chooseMip(dphi) {
-    const approxHarm = clamp(dphi, 1e-6, 64);
-    let level = 0;
-    while (level + 1 < (this.tables?.length || 1) && approxHarm < this.tables[level][0].length / 8) {
-      level++;
-    }
-    return level;
-  }
-
   process(_inputs, outputs, parameters) {
-    if (currentTime >= parameters.end[0]) {
+    const begin = parameters.begin[0];
+    const end = parameters.end[0];
+    const beginDefined = begin >= 0;
+    const endDefined = end >= 0;
+    // We give a 0.5s grace period (for node pooling) before termination
+    const shouldTerminate = endDefined && currentTime >= end + 0.5;
+    const ended = endDefined && currentTime >= end;
+    const notStarted = currentTime <= begin;
+    if (shouldTerminate) {
       return false;
-    }
-    if (currentTime <= parameters.begin[0]) {
+    } else if (ended || notStarted || !beginDefined) {
       return true;
     }
     const outL = outputs[0][0];
     const outR = outputs[0][1] || outputs[0][0];
-    if (!this.tables) {
+    if (!this.table) {
       outL.fill(0);
       if (outR !== outL) outR.set(outL);
       return true;
@@ -1361,14 +1383,12 @@ class WavetableOscillatorProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
         }
         const fVoice = applySemitoneDetuneToFrequency(f, detuner(n)); // voice detune
         const dPhase = fVoice * INVSR;
-        const level = this._chooseMip(dPhase);
-        const table = this.tables[level];
 
         // warp phase then sample
         this.phase[n] = this.phase[n] ?? Math.random() * phaseRand;
         const ph = this._warpPhase(this.phase[n], warpAmount, warpMode);
-        const s0 = this._sampleFrame(table[fIdx], ph);
-        const s1 = this._sampleFrame(table[Math.min(this.numFrames - 1, fIdx + 1)], ph);
+        const s0 = this._sampleFrame(this.table[fIdx], ph);
+        const s1 = this._sampleFrame(this.table[Math.min(this.numFrames - 1, fIdx + 1)], ph);
         let s = lerp(s0, s1, interpT);
         if (warpMode === WarpMode.FLIP && this.phase[n] < warpAmount) {
           s = -s;
@@ -1383,3 +1403,160 @@ class WavetableOscillatorProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
 }
 
 registerProcessor('wavetable-oscillator-processor', WavetableOscillatorProcessor);
+
+class TransientProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
+  static get parameterDescriptors() {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  constructor(options) {
+    super();
+    this.gainCoeff = timeToCoeff(0.2);
+    this.avgGain = 1;
+    let {
+      attackTime = 0.003,
+      sustainTime = 0.08,
+      attack = 0,
+      sustain = 0,
+      sensitivity = 0.1,
+      mix = 1,
+      begin = 0,
+      end = 0,
+    } = options.processorOptions;
+    attackTime = clamp(attackTime, 0.0005, 0.05);
+    sustainTime = clamp(sustainTime, 0.01, 0.5);
+    this.attackCoeff = timeToCoeff(attackTime);
+    this.sustainCoeff = timeToCoeff(sustainTime);
+    this.attackAmt = clamp(attack, -1, 1);
+    this.sustainAmt = clamp(sustain, -1, 1);
+    this.scaling = 0.5 + 5 * clamp(sensitivity, 0, 1);
+    this.mix = clamp(mix, 0, 1);
+    this.begin = begin;
+    this.end = end;
+    this.attackEnv = new Float32Array(2); // assume stereo
+    this.sustainEnv = new Float32Array(2);
+  }
+
+  process(inputs, outputs, _params) {
+    const input = inputs[0];
+    const output = outputs[0];
+    if (currentTime >= this.end) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (currentTime <= this.begin) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    const channels = input.length;
+    if (channels > this.attackEnv.length) {
+      this.attackEnv = new Float32Array(channels);
+      this.sustainEnv = new Float32Array(channels);
+    }
+    let avgGain = this.avgGain;
+    for (let ch = 0; ch < channels; ch++) {
+      let attEnv = this.attackEnv[ch];
+      let susEnv = this.sustainEnv[ch];
+      for (let n = 0; n < blockSize; n++) {
+        const sample = input[ch][n];
+        const x = Math.abs(sample);
+        attEnv = lerp(attEnv, x, this.attackCoeff);
+        susEnv = lerp(susEnv, x, this.sustainCoeff);
+        const peakiness = clamp((this.scaling * (attEnv - susEnv)) / (susEnv + 1e-6), -1.5, 1.5);
+        const attScale = peakiness > 0 ? peakiness : 0;
+        const susScale = peakiness < 0 ? -peakiness : 0;
+        const attackGain = dbToLin(this.attackAmt * attScale * 18);
+        const sustainGain = dbToLin(this.sustainAmt * susScale * 36);
+        const gain = clamp(attackGain * sustainGain, 0, 8);
+        avgGain = lerp(avgGain, gain, this.gainCoeff);
+        const makeup = avgGain > 1e-3 ? 1 / avgGain : 1;
+        const wet = sample * gain * makeup;
+        let y = lerp(sample, wet, this.mix);
+        y /= 1 + Math.abs(y); // soft clip
+        output[ch][n] = y;
+      }
+      this.attackEnv[ch] = attEnv;
+      this.sustainEnv[ch] = susEnv;
+    }
+    this.avgGain = avgGain;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+registerProcessor('transient-processor', TransientProcessor);
+
+class GenericProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+    this.playPos = 0;
+    const channels = 16;
+    this.outputs = new Array(channels).fill(0);
+    this.sources = new Array(channels).fill(0);
+    this.gateEnded = false;
+    this.started = false;
+    this.port.onmessage = (event) => {
+      let {
+        src,
+        schema: { ugens, registers },
+        start,
+        gateEnd,
+        end,
+      } = event.data;
+      this.start = start;
+      this.gateEnd = gateEnd;
+      this.end = end;
+      this.registers = new Array(registers).fill(0);
+      this.src = `o.fill(0); // reset outputs\n${src}`;
+      this.nodes = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < ugens.length; i++) {
+        const ugen = ugens[i];
+        const nodeClass = UGENS.get(ugen.type);
+        const node = new nodeClass(i, ugen, sampleRate);
+        if (node.type === 'cc' && ugen.inputs?.[0]?.includes('strudel-gate')) {
+          node.setValue(1);
+          this.gateNode = node;
+        }
+        this.nodes[i] = node;
+      }
+      this.genSample = new Function(
+        'time',
+        'nodes',
+        'input',
+        'r', // registers
+        'o', // outputs
+        's', // sources
+        this.src,
+      );
+    };
+  }
+  process(inputs, outputs) {
+    const input = inputs[0]?.[0];
+    if (currentTime >= this.end) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (this.genSample === undefined || currentTime < this.start) {
+      // pending
+      return true;
+    }
+    this.started = true;
+    if (!this.gateEnded && currentTime > this.gateEnd) {
+      this.gateNode?.setValue(0);
+      this.gateEnded = true;
+    }
+    const output = outputs[0];
+    const outL = output[0];
+    const outR = output[1];
+    for (let n = 0; n < blockSize; n++) {
+      this.genSample(this.playPos, this.nodes, input ? input[n] : 0, this.registers, this.outputs, this.sources);
+      const left = this.outputs[0];
+      const right = this.outputs[1];
+      // Spread to stereo if possible; else mixdown to mono
+      if (outR) {
+        outL[n] = left;
+        outR[n] = right;
+      } else {
+        outL[n] = 0.5 * (left + right);
+      }
+      this.playPos += 1 / sampleRate;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+registerProcessor('generic-processor', GenericProcessor);

packages/superdough/zzfx.mjs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { midiToFreq, noteToMidi } from './util.mjs';
 import { registerSound } from './superdough.mjs';
 import { getAudioContext } from './audioContext.mjs';
 import { buildSamples } from './zzfx_fork.mjs';
+import { onceEnded, releaseAudioNode } from './helpers.mjs';
 
 export const getZZFX = (value, t) => {
   let {
@@ -83,12 +84,13 @@ export function registerZZFXSounds() {
       wave,
       (t, value, onended) => {
         const { node: o } = getZZFX({ s: wave, ...value }, t);
-        o.onended = () => {
-          o.disconnect();
+        onceEnded(o, () => {
+          releaseAudioNode(o);
           onended();
-        };
+        });
         return {
           node: o,
+          nodes: { source: [o] },
           stop: () => {},
         };
       },

packages/supradough/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "supradough",
-  "version": "1.2.4",
+  "version": "1.2.5",
   "description": "platform agnostic synth and sampler intended for live coding. a reimplementation of superdough.",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/tonal/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/tonal",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Tonal functions for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "publishConfig": {

packages/tonal/tonal.mjs

@@ -5,7 +5,16 @@ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under th
 */
 
 import { Note, Interval, Scale } from '@tonaljs/tonal';
-import { register, _mod, logger, isNote, noteToMidi, removeUndefineds, getAccidentalsOffset } from '@strudel/core';
+import {
+  _mod,
+  errorLogger,
+  getAccidentalsOffset,
+  isNote,
+  logger,
+  noteToMidi,
+  register,
+  removeUndefineds,
+} from '@strudel/core';
 import { stepInNamedScale, nearestNumberIndex } from './tonleiter.mjs';
 
 const octavesInterval = (octaves) => (octaves <= 0 ? -1 : 1) + octaves * 7 + 'P';
@@ -294,7 +303,7 @@ export const scale = register(
             }
             if (offset != 0) scaleNote = Note.transpose(scaleNote, Interval.fromSemitones(offset));
           } catch (err) {
-            logger(`[tonal] ${err.message}`, 'error');
+            errorLogger(err, 'tonal');
             return; // will be removed
           }
         }

packages/transpiler/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/transpiler",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Transpiler for strudel user code. Converts syntactically correct but semantically meaningless JS into evaluatable strudel code.",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/transpiler/test/transpiler.test.mjs

@@ -26,6 +26,20 @@ describe('transpiler', () => {
   it('adds await to bare samples call', () => {
     expect(transpiler("samples('xxx');", simple).output).toEqual("await samples('xxx');");
   });
+  it('handles mini strings in K(...)', () => {
+    expect(transpiler('K("bd sd")', simple).output).toEqual("worklet('pat[0]', m('bd sd', 2));");
+  });
+  it('treats K(...) as kabelsalat', () => {
+    expect(transpiler('K(1+2)', simple).output).toEqual("worklet('1 + 2');");
+  });
+  it('automatically calls functions in K(...)', () => {
+    expect(transpiler('K(() => { return 1 + 2 })', simple).output).toEqual(
+      "worklet('(() => {\\n    return 1 + 2\\n})()');",
+    );
+  });
+  it('handles strudel S(...) inside kabelsalat K(...)', () => {
+    expect(transpiler('K(S("bd".fast(4)))', simple).output).toEqual("worklet('pat[0]', m('bd', 4).fast(4));");
+  });
   /*   it('parses dynamic imports', () => {
     expect(
       transpiler("const { default: foo } = await import('https://bar.com/foo.js');", {
@@ -42,4 +56,18 @@ describe('transpiler', () => {
       [12, 14],
     ]);
   });
+  it('allows disabling mini', () => {
+    const code = `/* mini-off */
+      const randPrefix = Math.random() > 0.5 ? "b" : "s";
+      const drumPat = \`\${randPrefix}d\`;
+      // mini-on
+      s(drumPat).lpf("5000 10000") // make sure mini still runs;
+    `;
+    const { output, miniLocations } = transpiler(code, { ...simple, emitMiniLocations: true });
+    expect(output).not.toContain("m('b'");
+    expect(output).not.toContain("m('s'");
+    const cutoffIdx = code.indexOf('5000 10000');
+    expect(miniLocations).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(miniLocations[0][0]).toEqual(cutoffIdx);
+  });
 });

packages/transpiler/transpiler.mjs

@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@ export function registerLanguage(type, config) {
 export function transpiler(input, options = {}) {
   const { wrapAsync = false, addReturn = true, emitMiniLocations = true, emitWidgets = true } = options;
 
+  const comments = [];
   let ast = parse(input, {
     ecmaVersion: 2022,
     allowAwaitOutsideFunction: true,
     locations: true,
+    onComment: comments,
   });
 
+  const miniDisableRanges = findMiniDisableRanges(comments, input.length);
   let miniLocations = [];
   const collectMiniLocations = (value, node) => {
     const minilang = languages.get('minilang');
@@ -66,6 +69,9 @@ export function transpiler(input, options = {}) {
         return this.replace(tidalWithLocation(raw, offset));
       }
       if (isBackTickString(node, parent)) {
+        if (isMiniDisabled(node.start, miniDisableRanges)) {
+          return;
+        }
         const { quasis } = node;
         const { raw } = quasis[0].value;
         this.skip();
@@ -73,6 +79,9 @@ export function transpiler(input, options = {}) {
         return this.replace(miniWithLocation(raw, node));
       }
       if (isStringWithDoubleQuotes(node)) {
+        if (isMiniDisabled(node.start, miniDisableRanges)) {
+          return;
+        }
         const { value } = node;
         this.skip();
         emitMiniLocations && collectMiniLocations(value, node);
@@ -110,7 +119,64 @@ export function transpiler(input, options = {}) {
         return this.replace(labelToP(node));
       }
     },
-    leave(node, parent, prop, index) {},
+
+    leave(node, parent, prop, index) {
+      if (!isKabelCall(node)) return;
+
+      let [expr, ...rest] = node.arguments;
+      if (!expr) throw new Error('K(...) requires an expression');
+
+      if (shouldCallKabelExpression(expr)) {
+        expr = {
+          type: 'CallExpression',
+          callee: expr,
+          arguments: [],
+          optional: false,
+        };
+      }
+
+      const { template, patternExprs } = extractPatternPlaceholders(expr);
+      if (patternExprs.length) {
+        const workletArgs = [{ type: 'Literal', value: template }, ...patternExprs, ...rest];
+
+        let callee = node.callee;
+        if (callee.type === 'ChainExpression') callee = callee.expression;
+        if (callee.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+          return this.replace({
+            type: 'CallExpression',
+            callee: workletMemberAst(callee.object),
+            arguments: workletArgs,
+            optional: false,
+          });
+        }
+        return this.replace({
+          type: 'CallExpression',
+          callee: { type: 'Identifier', name: 'worklet' },
+          arguments: workletArgs,
+          optional: false,
+        });
+      }
+
+      const kabelSrc = genExprSource(expr);
+      const workletArgs = [{ type: 'Literal', value: kabelSrc }, ...rest];
+
+      let callee = node.callee;
+      if (callee.type === 'ChainExpression') callee = callee.expression;
+      if (callee.type === 'MemberExpression') {
+        return this.replace({
+          type: 'CallExpression',
+          callee: workletMemberAst(callee.object),
+          arguments: workletArgs,
+          optional: false,
+        });
+      }
+      return this.replace({
+        type: 'CallExpression',
+        callee: { type: 'Identifier', name: 'worklet' },
+        arguments: workletArgs,
+        optional: false,
+      });
+    },
   });
 
   let { body } = ast;
@@ -146,6 +212,166 @@ export function transpiler(input, options = {}) {
   return { output, miniLocations, widgets };
 }
 
+function isKabelCall(node) {
+  if (node.type !== 'CallExpression') return false;
+  let callee = node.callee;
+  if (callee.type === 'ChainExpression') callee = callee.expression;
+  if (callee.type === 'MemberExpression') return !callee.computed && callee.property?.name === 'K';
+  return callee.type === 'Identifier' && callee.name === 'K';
+}
+
+function shouldCallKabelExpression(expr) {
+  if (expr.type !== 'ArrowFunctionExpression' && expr.type !== 'FunctionExpression') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (expr.params.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return expr.body?.type === 'BlockStatement';
+}
+
+function genExprSource(expr) {
+  return escodegen.generate(expr, { format: { semicolons: false } });
+}
+
+function extractPatternPlaceholders(expr) {
+  const templateExpr = cloneNode(expr);
+  const parents = new Map();
+  const targets = [];
+
+  walk(templateExpr, {
+    enter(node, parent, prop, index) {
+      parents.set(node, { parent, prop, index });
+      const patternExpr = getStrudelPatternExpr(node);
+      if (patternExpr) {
+        targets.push({ node, patternExpr });
+        this.skip();
+      }
+    },
+  });
+
+  if (!targets.length) {
+    return { template: genExprSource(templateExpr), patternExprs: [] };
+  }
+
+  targets.sort((a, b) => getPatternNodeOrder(a.node) - getPatternNodeOrder(b.node));
+
+  const patternExprs = targets.map(({ patternExpr }) => cloneNode(patternExpr));
+
+  let currentExpr = templateExpr;
+  targets.forEach(({ node }, index) => {
+    currentExpr = replaceNode(node, placeholderAst(index), parents, currentExpr);
+  });
+
+  const template = genExprSource(currentExpr);
+  return { template, patternExprs };
+}
+
+function getStrudelPatternExpr(node) {
+  if (isStrudelPatternWrap(node)) {
+    const arg = node.arguments?.[0];
+    if (!arg) {
+      throw new Error('S(...) requires an argument');
+    }
+    return arg;
+  }
+  if (isMiniCall(node)) {
+    return node;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function isStrudelPatternWrap(node) {
+  if (node.type !== 'CallExpression') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const callee = node.callee;
+  if (callee.type === 'Identifier') {
+    return callee.name === 'S';
+  }
+  if (callee.type === 'MemberExpression' && !callee.computed) {
+    return callee.property?.name === 'S';
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function getMinilangName() {
+  const minilang = languages.get('minilang');
+  return minilang?.name || 'm';
+}
+
+// Used to identify transpiled `m(...)` calls for proper conversion
+// to, say, kabelsalat placeholders
+function isMiniCall(node) {
+  if (node.type !== 'CallExpression') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const callee = node.callee;
+  if (callee.type !== 'Identifier') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (callee.name !== getMinilangName()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const firstArg = node.arguments?.[0];
+  return firstArg?.type === 'Literal' && typeof firstArg.value === 'string';
+}
+
+// If `start` is available, we use it. If it's already been transpiled
+// to `m(...)`, use the provided offset
+function getPatternNodeOrder(node) {
+  if (typeof node.start === 'number') {
+    return node.start;
+  }
+  if (isMiniCall(node)) {
+    const offsetArg = node.arguments?.[1];
+    if (offsetArg?.type === 'Literal' && typeof offsetArg.value === 'number') {
+      return offsetArg.value;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+function placeholderAst(index) {
+  return {
+    type: 'MemberExpression',
+    object: { type: 'Identifier', name: 'pat' },
+    property: { type: 'Literal', value: index },
+    computed: true,
+    optional: false,
+  };
+}
+
+function replaceNode(node, replacement, parents, currentRoot) {
+  const info = parents.get(node);
+  if (!info || !info.parent) {
+    return replacement;
+  }
+
+  const { parent, prop, index } = info;
+  if (Array.isArray(parent[prop])) {
+    parent[prop][index] = replacement;
+  } else {
+    parent[prop] = replacement;
+  }
+  parents.set(replacement, { parent, prop, index });
+  return currentRoot;
+}
+
+function cloneNode(node) {
+  return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(node));
+}
+
+function workletMemberAst(objectExpr) {
+  return {
+    type: 'MemberExpression',
+    object: objectExpr,
+    property: { type: 'Identifier', name: 'worklet' },
+    computed: false,
+    optional: false,
+  };
+}
+
 function isStringWithDoubleQuotes(node, locations, code) {
   if (node.type !== 'Literal') {
     return false;
@@ -327,3 +553,32 @@ function languageWithLocation(name, value, offset) {
     optional: false,
   };
 }
+
+function findMiniDisableRanges(comments, codeEnd) {
+  const ranges = [];
+  const stack = []; // used to track on/off pairs
+  for (const comment of comments) {
+    const value = comment.value.trim();
+    if (value.startsWith('mini-off')) {
+      stack.push(comment.start);
+    } else if (value.startsWith('mini-on')) {
+      const start = stack.pop();
+      ranges.push([start, comment.end]);
+    }
+  }
+  while (stack.length) {
+    // If no closing mini-on is found, just turn it off until `codeEnd`
+    const start = stack.pop();
+    ranges.push([start, codeEnd]);
+  }
+  return ranges;
+}
+
+function isMiniDisabled(offset, miniDisableRanges) {
+  for (const [start, end] of miniDisableRanges) {
+    if (offset >= start && offset < end) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}

packages/vite-plugin-bundle-audioworklet/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "vite-plugin-bundle-audioworklet",
   "main": "./vite-plugin-bundle-audioworklet.js",
-  "version": "0.1.1",
+  "version": "0.1.2",
   "description": "",
   "keywords": [
     "vite",

packages/web/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/web",
-  "version": "1.2.6",
+  "version": "1.2.7",
   "description": "Easy to setup, opiniated bundle of Strudel for the browser.",
   "module": "web.mjs",
   "publishConfig": {

packages/webaudio/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/webaudio",
-  "version": "1.2.6",
+  "version": "1.2.7",
   "description": "Web Audio helpers for Strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

packages/webaudio/webaudio.mjs

@@ -5,10 +5,21 @@ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under th
 */
 
 import * as strudel from '@strudel/core';
-import { superdough, getAudioContext, setLogger, doughTrigger, registerWorklet } from 'superdough';
+import {
+  superdough,
+  getAudioContext,
+  setLogger,
+  doughTrigger,
+  registerWorklet,
+  setAudioContext,
+  initAudio,
+  setSuperdoughAudioController,
+  resetGlobalEffects,
+  errorLogger,
+} from 'superdough';
 import './supradough.mjs';
 import { workletUrl } from 'supradough';
-
+import { SuperdoughAudioController } from 'superdough/superdoughoutput.mjs';
 registerWorklet(workletUrl);
 
 const { Pattern, logger, repl } = strudel;
@@ -26,9 +37,76 @@ export const webaudioOutput = (hap, _deadline, hapDuration, cps, t) => {
   return superdough(hap2value(hap), t, hapDuration, cps, hap.whole?.begin.valueOf());
 };
 
+export async function renderPatternAudio(
+  pattern,
+  cps,
+  begin,
+  end,
+  sampleRate,
+  maxPolyphony,
+  multiChannelOrbits,
+  downloadName = undefined,
+) {
+  let audioContext = getAudioContext();
+  await audioContext.close();
+  audioContext = new OfflineAudioContext(2, ((end - begin) / cps) * sampleRate, sampleRate);
+  setAudioContext(audioContext);
+  setSuperdoughAudioController(new SuperdoughAudioController(audioContext));
+  await initAudio({
+    maxPolyphony,
+    multiChannelOrbits,
+  });
+  logger('[webaudio] preloading');
+
+  // Calling superdough(...) in ascending onset time order is important
+  // for controls that depend on the audio graph state like `cut`
+  let haps = pattern
+    .queryArc(begin, end, { _cps: cps })
+    .sort((a, b) => a.whole.begin.valueOf() - b.whole.begin.valueOf());
+  for (const hap of haps) {
+    if (hap.hasOnset()) {
+      try {
+        await superdough(
+          hap2value(hap),
+          (hap.whole.begin.valueOf() - begin) / cps,
+          hap.duration / cps,
+          cps,
+          (hap.whole?.begin.valueOf() - begin) / cps,
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        errorLogger(err, 'webaudio');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  logger('[webaudio] start rendering');
+
+  return audioContext
+    .startRendering()
+    .then((renderedBuffer) => {
+      const wavBuffer = audioBufferToWav(renderedBuffer);
+      const blob = new Blob([wavBuffer], { type: 'audio/wav' });
+      const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+      const a = document.createElement('a');
+      a.href = url;
+      downloadName = downloadName ? `${downloadName}.wav` : `${new Date().toISOString()}.wav`;
+      a.download = `${downloadName}`;
+      document.body.appendChild(a);
+      a.click();
+      document.body.removeChild(a);
+      URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+    })
+    .finally(async () => {
+      setAudioContext(null);
+      setSuperdoughAudioController(null);
+      resetGlobalEffects();
+    });
+}
+
 export function webaudioRepl(options = {}) {
+  const audioContext = options.audioContext ?? getAudioContext();
+  setAudioContext(audioContext);
   options = {
-    getTime: () => getAudioContext().currentTime,
+    getTime: () => audioContext.currentTime,
     defaultOutput: webaudioOutput,
     ...options,
   };
@@ -38,3 +116,98 @@ export function webaudioRepl(options = {}) {
 Pattern.prototype.dough = function () {
   return this.onTrigger(doughTrigger, 1);
 };
+
+function audioBufferToWav(buffer, opt) {
+  opt = opt || {};
+
+  var numChannels = buffer.numberOfChannels;
+  var sampleRate = buffer.sampleRate;
+  var format = opt.float32 ? 3 : 1;
+  var bitDepth = format === 3 ? 32 : 16;
+
+  var result;
+  if (numChannels === 2) {
+    result = interleave(buffer.getChannelData(0), buffer.getChannelData(1));
+  } else {
+    result = buffer.getChannelData(0);
+  }
+
+  return encodeWAV(result, format, sampleRate, numChannels, bitDepth);
+}
+
+function encodeWAV(samples, format, sampleRate, numChannels, bitDepth) {
+  var bytesPerSample = bitDepth / 8;
+  var blockAlign = numChannels * bytesPerSample;
+
+  var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(44 + samples.length * bytesPerSample);
+  var view = new DataView(buffer);
+
+  /* RIFF identifier */
+  writeString(view, 0, 'RIFF');
+  /* RIFF chunk length */
+  view.setUint32(4, 36 + samples.length * bytesPerSample, true);
+  /* RIFF type */
+  writeString(view, 8, 'WAVE');
+  /* format chunk identifier */
+  writeString(view, 12, 'fmt ');
+  /* format chunk length */
+  view.setUint32(16, 16, true);
+  /* sample format (raw) */
+  view.setUint16(20, format, true);
+  /* channel count */
+  view.setUint16(22, numChannels, true);
+  /* sample rate */
+  view.setUint32(24, sampleRate, true);
+  /* byte rate (sample rate * block align) */
+  view.setUint32(28, sampleRate * blockAlign, true);
+  /* block align (channel count * bytes per sample) */
+  view.setUint16(32, blockAlign, true);
+  /* bits per sample */
+  view.setUint16(34, bitDepth, true);
+  /* data chunk identifier */
+  writeString(view, 36, 'data');
+  /* data chunk length */
+  view.setUint32(40, samples.length * bytesPerSample, true);
+  if (format === 1) {
+    // Raw PCM
+    floatTo16BitPCM(view, 44, samples);
+  } else {
+    writeFloat32(view, 44, samples);
+  }
+
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+function interleave(inputL, inputR) {
+  var length = inputL.length + inputR.length;
+  var result = new Float32Array(length);
+
+  var index = 0;
+  var inputIndex = 0;
+
+  while (index < length) {
+    result[index++] = inputL[inputIndex];
+    result[index++] = inputR[inputIndex];
+    inputIndex++;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function writeFloat32(output, offset, input) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++, offset += 4) {
+    output.setFloat32(offset, input[i], true);
+  }
+}
+
+function floatTo16BitPCM(output, offset, input) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++, offset += 2) {
+    var s = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, input[i]));
+    output.setInt16(offset, s < 0 ? s * 0x8000 : s * 0x7fff, true);
+  }
+}
+
+function writeString(view, offset, string) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
+    view.setUint8(offset + i, string.charCodeAt(i));
+  }
+}

packages/xen/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@strudel/xen",
-  "version": "1.2.5",
+  "version": "1.2.6",
   "description": "Xenharmonic API for strudel",
   "main": "index.mjs",
   "type": "module",

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ importers:
         version: 2.2.7
       '@vitest/coverage-v8':
         specifier: 3.0.4
-        version: 3.0.4(vitest@3.0.4(@types/debug@4.1.12)(@types/node@22.10.10)(@vitest/ui@3.0.4)(jiti@2.4.2)(lightningcss@1.29.1)(terser@5.37.0)(yaml@2.7.0))
+        version: 3.0.4(vitest@3.0.4)
       '@vitest/ui':
         specifier: ^3.0.4
         version: 3.0.4(vitest@3.0.4)
@@ -234,6 +234,9 @@ importers:
 
   packages/core:
     dependencies:
+      '@kabelsalat/web':
+        specifier: ^0.4.1
+        version: 0.4.1
       fraction.js:
         specifier: ^5.2.1
         version: 5.2.1
@@ -518,6 +521,9 @@ importers:
 
   packages/superdough:
     dependencies:
+      '@kabelsalat/lib':
+        specifier: ^0.4.1
+        version: 0.4.1
       nanostores:
         specifier: ^0.11.3
         version: 0.11.3
@@ -1969,6 +1975,15 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-yYxMVH7Dqw6nO0d5NIV8OQWnitU8k6vXH8NtgqAfIa/IUqRMxRv/NUJJ08VEKbAakwxlgBl5PJdrU0dMPStsnw==}
     engines: {node: '>=v12.0.0'}
 
+  '@kabelsalat/core@0.4.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5zV8nh8HffW8aexObXs5pE0xgL0jb1cHc3o8UN6AvK0mBt87fjZvW65E4rMslHyq+OuCscoBJW7B3MbYfWrwMQ==}
+
+  '@kabelsalat/lib@0.4.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-gBCjrZKD9huTKNJuBC6BXM4PMQSg8otL8A/vp8j98P9v6yWTX1TuyaqdLg/1PrIAMV4hlWoav9ZD3YMFlrvouw==}
+
+  '@kabelsalat/web@0.4.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ASkFhePJLx3GjadYOueI7sHKXBbRPk/a1pfslFeQNI9gU7yZq/KrnkmOmLrgrtixAsy7gyi1vWqkmRRvH3Ki6w==}
+
   '@lerna/create@8.1.9':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-DPnl5lPX4v49eVxEbJnAizrpMdMTBz1qykZrAbBul9rfgk531v8oAt+Pm6O/rpAleRombNM7FJb5rYGzBJatOQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=18.0.0'}
@@ -9261,6 +9276,17 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       lodash: 4.17.21
 
+  '@kabelsalat/core@0.4.0': {}
+
+  '@kabelsalat/lib@0.4.1':
+    dependencies:
+      '@kabelsalat/core': 0.4.0
+
+  '@kabelsalat/web@0.4.1':
+    dependencies:
+      '@kabelsalat/core': 0.4.0
+      '@kabelsalat/lib': 0.4.1
+
   '@lerna/create@8.1.9(encoding@0.1.13)(typescript@5.7.3)':
     dependencies:
       '@npmcli/arborist': 7.5.4
@@ -10554,7 +10580,7 @@ snapshots:
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@vitest/coverage-v8@3.0.4(vitest@3.0.4(@types/debug@4.1.12)(@types/node@22.10.10)(@vitest/ui@3.0.4)(jiti@2.4.2)(lightningcss@1.29.1)(terser@5.37.0)(yaml@2.7.0))':
+  '@vitest/coverage-v8@3.0.4(vitest@3.0.4)':
     dependencies:
       '@ampproject/remapping': 2.3.0
       '@bcoe/v8-coverage': 1.0.2

test/examples.test.mjs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ const skippedExamples = [
   'accelerationX',
   'defaultmidimap',
   'midimaps',
+  'bmod',
 ];
 
 describe('runs examples', () => {

test/runtime.mjs

@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ const midin = () => {
   return (ccNum) => strudel.ref(() => 0); // returns ref with default value 0
 };
 
+const midikeys = async () => {
+  return () => strudel.silence;
+};
+
 const sysex = ([id, data]) => {};
 
 // TODO: refactor to evalScope
@@ -150,6 +154,7 @@ evalScope(
   */
   {
     midin,
+    midikeys,
     sysex,
     // gist,
     // euclid,

tools/dbpatch/package.json

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 {
+  "name": "dbpatch",
   "dependencies": {
     "csv": "^6.3.11"
   },

vitest.config.mjs

@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@ export default defineConfig({
       '**/{karma,rollup,webpack,vite,vitest,jest,ava,babel,nyc,cypress}.config.*',
       '**/shared.test.mjs',
     ],
+    setupFiles: './vitest.setup.mjs',
   },
 });

vitest.setup.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { useRNG } from './packages/core/signal.mjs';
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  // Avoid bleed between tests
+  useRNG('legacy');
+});

warm.js

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// this script loads all merged PRs within the given page range
+// it can be used to update the CHANGELOG.md file in a semi-automated way
+// the problem: codeberg doesn't support loading merged PRs, so we have to filter them in memory
+// luckily, we can sort after "recentupdate", which means we can do incremental changelog generation
+// todo: support setting a "last_updated" date, so the script would automatically check how far it has to go
+
+async function main() {
+  let pageStart = 1;
+  let pageEnd = 1;
+  let prs = [];
+  for (let p = pageStart; p <= pageEnd; p++) {
+    console.log(`load page ${p}/${pageEnd}`);
+    const res = await fetch(
+      `https://codeberg.org/api/v1/repos/uzu/strudel/pulls?state=closed&sort=recentupdate&page=${p}`,
+    );
+    const pulls = await res.json();
+    const merged = pulls.filter((pull) => pull.merged);
+    prs = prs.concat(merged);
+  }
+  const output = prs
+    .sort((a, b) => new Date(b.closed_at) - new Date(a.closed_at))
+    .map(
+      (pull) => `- ${pull.closed_at} ${pull.title} by @${pull.user.login || '?'} in: [#${pull.number}](${pull.url}) `,
+    )
+    .join('\n');
+  console.log('-------------');
+  console.log(output);
+}
+
+main();

website/README.md

@@ -3,186 +3,4 @@
 This is the website for Strudel, deployed at [strudel.cc](https://strudel.cc).
 It includes the REPL live coding editor and the documentation site.
 
-## Run locally
-
-```bash
-# from project root
-npm run setup
-npm run repl
-```
-
-## Build
-
-```bash
-cd website
-npm run build # <- builds repl + tutorial to ../docs
-npm run preview # <- test static build
-```
-
-## Generate PWA icons
-
-```sh
-cd website/public
-npx pwa-asset-generator icon.png icons
-```
-
-# Standard Readme of Astro Starter Kit: Docs Site
-
-```bash
-npm create astro@latest -- --template docs
-```
-
-[![Open in StackBlitz](https://developer.stackblitz.com/img/open_in_stackblitz.svg)](https://stackblitz.com/github/withastro/astro/tree/latest/examples/docs)
-[![Open with CodeSandbox](https://assets.codesandbox.io/github/button-edit-lime.svg)](https://codesandbox.io/s/github/withastro/astro/tree/latest/examples/docs)
-
-![docs](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4677417/186189283-0831b9ab-d6b9-485d-8955-3057e532ab31.png)
-
-
-## Features
-
-- ✅ **Full Markdown support**
-- ✅ **Responsive mobile-friendly design**
-- ✅ **Sidebar navigation**
-- ✅ **Search (powered by Algolia)**
-- ✅ **Multi-language i18n**
-- ✅ **Automatic table of contents**
-- ✅ **Automatic list of contributors**
-- ✅ (and, best of all) **dark mode**
-
-## Commands Cheatsheet
-
-All commands are run from the root of the project, from a terminal:
-
-| Command                | Action                                           |
-| :--------------------- | :----------------------------------------------- |
-| `npm install`          | Installs dependencies                            |
-| `npm run dev`          | Starts local dev server at `localhost:4321`      |
-| `npm run build`        | Build your production site to `./dist/`          |
-| `npm run preview`      | Preview your build locally, before deploying     |
-| `npm run astro ...`    | Run CLI commands like `astro add`, `astro check` |
-| `npm run astro --help` | Get help using the Astro CLI                     |
-
-To deploy your site to production, check out our [Deploy an Astro Website](https://docs.astro.build/guides/deploy) guide.
-
-## New to Astro?
-
-Welcome! Check out [our documentation](https://docs.astro.build) or jump into our [Discord server](https://astro.build/chat).
-
-## Customize This Theme
-
-edit: removed, as css styles have been replaced with tailwind styles
-
-### Site metadata
-
-`src/config.ts` contains several data objects that describe metadata about your site like title, description, default language, and Open Graph details. You can customize these to match your project.
-
-## Page metadata
-
-Astro uses frontmatter in Markdown pages to choose layouts and pass properties to those layouts. If you are using the default layout, you can customize the page in many different ways to optimize SEO and other things. For example, you can use the `title` and `description` properties to set the document title, meta title, meta description, and Open Graph description.
-
-```markdown
----
-title: Example title
-description: Really cool docs example that uses Astro
-layout: ../../layouts/MainLayout.astro
----
-
-# Page content...
-```
-
-For more SEO related properties, look at `src/components/HeadSEO.astro`
-
-### Sidebar navigation
-
-The sidebar navigation is controlled by the `SIDEBAR` variable in your `src/config.ts` file. You can customize the sidebar by modifying this object. A default, starter navigation has already been created for you.
-
-```ts
-export const SIDEBAR = {
-  en: [
-    { text: "Section Header", header: true },
-    { text: "Introduction", link: "en/introduction" },
-    { text: "Page 2", link: "en/page-2" },
-    { text: "Page 3", link: "en/page-3" },
-
-    { text: "Another Section", header: true },
-    { text: "Page 4", link: "en/page-4" },
-  ],
-};
-```
-
-Note the top-level `en` key: This is needed for multi-language support. You can change it to whatever language you'd like, or add new languages as you go. More details on this below.
-
-### Multiple Languages support
-
-The Astro docs template supports multiple languages out of the box. The default theme only shows `en` documentation, but you can enable multi-language support features by adding a second language to your project.
-
-To add a new language to your project, you'll want to extend the current `src/pages/[lang]/...` layout:
-
-```diff
- 📂 src/pages
- ┣ 📂 en
- ┃ ┣ 📜 page-1.md
- ┃ ┣ 📜 page-2.md
- ┃ ┣ 📜 page-3.astro
-+ ┣ 📂 es
-+ ┃ ┣ 📜 page-1.md
-+ ┃ ┣ 📜 page-2.md
-+ ┃ ┣ 📜 page-3.astro
-```
-
-You'll also need to add the new language name to the `KNOWN_LANGUAGES` map in your `src/config.ts` file. This will enable your new language switcher in the site header.
-
-```diff
-// src/config.ts
-export const KNOWN_LANGUAGES = {
-  English: 'en',
-+  Spanish: 'es',
-};
-```
-
-Last step: you'll need to add a new entry to your sidebar, to create the table of contents for that language. While duplicating every page might not sound ideal to everyone, this extra control allows you to create entirely custom content for every language.
-
-> Make sure the sidebar `link` value points to the correct language!
-
-```diff
-// src/config.ts
-export const SIDEBAR = {
-  en: [
-    { text: 'Section Header', header: true, },
-    { text: 'Introduction', link: 'en/introduction' },
-    // ...
-  ],
-+  es: [
-+    { text: 'Encabezado de sección', header: true, },
-+    { text: 'Introducción', link: 'es/introduction' },
-+    // ...
-+  ],
-};
-
-// ...
-```
-
-If you plan to use Spanish as the default language, you just need to modify the redirect path in `src/pages/index.astro`:
-
-```diff
-<script>
-- window.location.pathname = `/en/introduction`;
-+ window.location.pathname = `/es/introduction`;
-</script>
-```
-
-You can also remove the above script and write a landing page in Spanish instead.
-
-### What if I don't plan to support multiple languages?
-
-That's totally fine! Not all projects need (or can support) multiple languages. You can continue to use this theme without ever adding a second language.
-
-If that single language is not English, you can just replace `en` in directory layouts and configurations with the preferred language.
-
-### Search (Powered by Algolia)
-
-[Algolia](https://www.algolia.com/) offers a free service to qualified open source projects called [DocSearch](https://docsearch.algolia.com/). If you are accepted to the DocSearch program, provide your API Key & index name in `src/config.ts` and a search box will automatically appear in your site header.
-
-Note that Aglolia and Astro are not affiliated. We have no say over acceptance to the DocSearch program.
-
-If you'd prefer to remove Algolia's search and replace it with your own, check out the `src/components/Header.astro` component to see where the component is added.
+more setup info, see [project setup](../CONTRIBUTING.md#project-setup)

website/astro.config.mjs

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import bundleAudioWorkletPlugin from 'vite-plugin-bundle-audioworklet';
 import tailwind from '@astrojs/tailwind';
 import AstroPWA from '@vite-pwa/astro';
 
-const site = `https://strudel.cc/`; // root url without a path
-const base = '/'; // base path of the strudel site
+const site = process.env.STRUDEL_SITE || `https://strudel.cc/`; // root url without a path
+const base = process.env.STRUDEL_BASE || '/'; // base path of the strudel site
 const baseNoTrailing = base.endsWith('/') ? base.slice(0, -1) : base;
 
 // this rehype plugin fixes relative links

website/src/components/Dough/Dough.astro

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+import '../../repl/Repl.css';
+---
+
+<div id="code"></div>
+
+<script>
+  import { DoughMirror } from './dough-mirror.mjs';
+  const root = document.getElementById('code');
+  const doughmirror = new DoughMirror({ root });
+  globalThis.settings = doughmirror.settings.bind(doughmirror);
+</script>
+<style>
+  #code {
+    height: 100vh;
+  }
+</style>

website/src/components/Dough/dough-mirror.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import {
+  initEditor,
+  codemirrorSettings,
+  flash,
+  compartments,
+  extensions,
+  parseBooleans,
+  activateTheme,
+  updateMiniLocations,
+  highlightMiniLocations,
+} from '@strudel/codemirror';
+import { evalScope, hash2code, code2hash } from '@strudel/core';
+import { Framer } from '@strudel/draw';
+import { persistentAtom } from '@nanostores/persistent';
+import { DoughRepl } from './dough-repl.mjs';
+
+let initialCode = '$: note("c a f e")';
+
+export const code = persistentAtom('vanilla-repl-code', initialCode, {
+  encode: JSON.stringify,
+  decode: JSON.parse,
+});
+
+if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+  try {
+    const codeParam = window.location.href.split('#')[1] || '';
+    if (codeParam) {
+      const codeFromHash = hash2code(codeParam);
+      code.set(codeFromHash);
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('could not init code from url');
+  }
+}
+
+export class DoughMirror {
+  constructor(options) {
+    const { root, initialCode = code.get(), bgFill = true } = options;
+    this.root = root;
+    this.code = initialCode;
+    this.repl = new DoughRepl();
+    this.prebaked = this.prebake();
+
+    // init codemirror
+    this.editor = initEditor({
+      root,
+      initialCode: this.code,
+      onChange: (v) => {
+        if (v.docChanged) {
+          this.code = v.state.doc.toString();
+          code.set(this.code);
+        }
+      },
+      onEvaluate: this.evaluate.bind(this),
+      onStop: () => this.stop(),
+      mondo: false,
+    });
+    const settings = codemirrorSettings.get();
+    this.setFontSize(settings.fontSize);
+    this.setFontFamily(settings.fontFamily);
+
+    // init event highlighting
+    this.framer = new Framer(
+      (time) => {
+        const frameHaps = this.repl.processHaps();
+        highlightMiniLocations(this.editor, time, frameHaps);
+      },
+      (err) => console.log('Framer error', err),
+    );
+  }
+  prebake() {
+    const modulesLoading = evalScope(import('@strudel/core'), import('@strudel/tonal'), import('@strudel/mini'));
+    return Promise.all([modulesLoading, this.repl.prebake()]);
+  }
+  async evaluate() {
+    this.framer.start();
+    this.flash();
+    await this.prebaked;
+    const { miniLocations } = await this.repl.evaluate(this.code);
+    window.location.hash = '#' + code2hash(this.code);
+    updateMiniLocations(this.editor, miniLocations);
+  }
+  stop() {
+    this.repl.stop();
+    this.framer.stop();
+    highlightMiniLocations(this.editor, 0, []);
+  }
+  // added synonym (compared to StrudelMirror)
+  settings(settings = {}) {
+    this.updateSettings(settings);
+  }
+
+  // the rest is copy pasted from StrudelMirror:
+
+  updateSettings(settings = {}) {
+    settings.fontSize && this.setFontSize(settings.fontSize);
+    settings.fontFamily && this.setFontFamily(settings.fontFamily);
+    for (let key in extensions) {
+      if (key in settings) {
+        this.reconfigureExtension(key, settings[key]);
+      }
+    }
+    const updated = { ...codemirrorSettings.get(), ...settings };
+    // console.log(updated);
+    codemirrorSettings.set(updated);
+  }
+  reconfigureExtension(key, value) {
+    if (!extensions[key]) {
+      console.warn(`extension ${key} is not known`);
+      return;
+    }
+    value = parseBooleans(value);
+    const newValue = extensions[key](value, this);
+    this.editor.dispatch({
+      effects: compartments[key].reconfigure(newValue),
+    });
+    if (key === 'theme') {
+      activateTheme(value);
+    }
+  }
+  flash(ms) {
+    flash(this.editor, ms);
+  }
+  setFontSize(size) {
+    this.root.style.fontSize = size + 'px';
+  }
+  setFontFamily(family) {
+    this.root.style.fontFamily = family;
+    const scroller = this.root.querySelector('.cm-scroller');
+    if (scroller) {
+      scroller.style.fontFamily = family;
+    }
+  }
+  setCode(code, offset = 0) {
+    const changes = {
+      from: 0,
+      to: this.editor.state.doc.length + offset,
+      insert: code,
+    };
+    this.editor.dispatch({ changes });
+  }
+  getCursorLocation() {
+    return this.editor.state.selection.main.head;
+  }
+  setCursorLocation(col) {
+    return this.editor.dispatch({ selection: { anchor: col } });
+  }
+  appendCode(code) {
+    const cursor = this.getCursorLocation();
+    this.setCode(this.code + code);
+    this.setCursorLocation(cursor);
+  }
+}

website/src/components/Dough/dough-repl.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// import { Dough, doughsamples } from 'dough-synth';
+import { Dough, doughsamples } from 'https://unpkg.com/dough-synth@0.1.9/dough.js';
+import { Pattern, noteToMidi, evaluate, stack } from '@strudel/core';
+// import doughUrl from 'dough-synth?url';
+import { transpiler } from '@strudel/transpiler';
+//const doughBaseUrl = doughUrl.split('/').slice(0, -1).join('/') + '/';
+const doughBaseUrl = 'https://unpkg.com/dough-synth@0.1.9/';
+
+Object.assign(globalThis, { doughsamples });
+
+export class DoughRepl {
+  pattern;
+  latency = 0.1;
+  cps = 0.5;
+  origin;
+  t0;
+  lasttime;
+  strudel;
+  q = [];
+  constructor() {
+    this.ready = this.init();
+  }
+  async init() {
+    // init dough immediately, so that it can attach the document click event to initAudio immediately
+    this.dough = new Dough({
+      base: doughBaseUrl,
+      //base: "../", // local dev
+      onTick: ({ t0, t1 }) => {
+        if (!this.pattern) {
+          return;
+        }
+        this.origin ??= t0;
+        this.t0 = t0;
+        this.lasttime = performance.now();
+        const a = (t0 - this.origin) * this.cps;
+        const b = (t1 - this.origin) * this.cps;
+
+        const haps = this.pattern.queryArc(a, b).filter((hap) => hap.hasOnset());
+        if (!haps.length) {
+          return;
+        }
+        haps.forEach((hap) => {
+          const time = hap.whole.begin.valueOf() / this.cps + this.origin + this.latency;
+          const duration = hap.duration.valueOf() / this.cps;
+          const event = {
+            dough: 'play',
+            ...hap.value,
+            time,
+            duration,
+          };
+          if (event.note && typeof event.note === 'string') {
+            event.note = noteToMidi(event.note);
+          }
+          //console.log("event", JSON.stringify(Object.entries(event)));
+          this.dough.evaluate(event);
+          this.q.push({ event, hap });
+        });
+      },
+    });
+    // miniAllStrings();
+    const setcps = (cps) => (this.cps = cps);
+    const setcpm = (cpm) => setcps(cpm / 60);
+    const replScope = { setcps, setcpm };
+    Object.assign(globalThis, replScope);
+  }
+  async evaluate(code) {
+    await this.ready;
+    let patterns = [];
+    Pattern.prototype.p = function (id) {
+      if (!id.startsWith('_')) {
+        patterns.push(this);
+      }
+    };
+
+    let { meta } = await evaluate(code, transpiler, { addReturn: false, wrapAsync: true, emitWidgets: false });
+    const { miniLocations } = meta;
+
+    this.pattern = stack(...patterns);
+    return { miniLocations, pattern: this.pattern };
+  }
+  stop() {
+    this.pattern = undefined;
+    this.origin = undefined;
+  }
+  prebake() {
+    return Promise.all([
+      // doughsamples('github:eddyflux/crate')
+    ]);
+  }
+  // tbd: move this to dough-synth
+  get time() {
+    return this.t0 + (performance.now() - this.lasttime) / 1000 + this.latency;
+  }
+  processHaps() {
+    const currentHaps = [];
+    const time = this.time;
+    this.q = this.q.filter(({ event, hap }) => {
+      const end = event.time + event.duration;
+      const isActive = time >= event.time && time <= end;
+      if (isActive) {
+        currentHaps.push(hap);
+      }
+      return end > time; // delete old events
+      // we do NOT return !isActive, because a frame might miss an event, which would cause a leak
+    });
+    // console.log(this.q.length); // to check for leaks
+    return currentHaps;
+  }
+}

website/src/components/HeadCommon.astro

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const baseNoTrailing = BASE_URL.endsWith('/') ? BASE_URL.slice(0, -1) : BASE_URL
 <base href={BASE_URL} />
 
 <!-- Scrollable a11y code helper -->
-<script {`${baseNoTrailing}/make-scrollable-code-focusable.js`} is:inline></script>
+<script src={`${baseNoTrailing}/make-scrollable-code-focusable.js`} is:inline></script>
 
 <script src="/src/pwa.ts"></script>
 <!-- this does not work for some reason: -->

website/src/components/HeadCommonNext.astro

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const baseNoTrailing = BASE_URL.endsWith('/') ? BASE_URL.slice(0, -1) : BASE_URL
 <base href={BASE_URL} />
 
 <!-- Scrollable a11y code helper -->
-<script src{`${baseNoTrailing}/make-scrollable-code-focusable.js`} is:inline></script>
+<script src={`${baseNoTrailing}/make-scrollable-code-focusable.js`} is:inline></script>
 
 <script src="/src/pwa.ts"></script>
 <!-- this does not work for some reason: -->

website/src/config.ts

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ export const SIDEBAR: Sidebar = {
       { text: 'MIDI & OSC', link: 'learn/input-output' },
     ],
     More: [
+      { text: 'FAQ', link: 'learn/faq' },
       { text: 'Recipes', link: 'recipes/recipes' },
       { text: 'Mini-Notation', link: 'learn/mini-notation' },
       { text: 'Visual Feedback', link: 'learn/visual-feedback' },

website/src/metadata_parser.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-const ALLOW_MANY = ['by', 'url', 'genre', 'license'];
+const ALLOW_MANY = ['by', 'url', 'genre', 'license', 'tag'];
 
 export function getMetadata(raw_code) {
   if (raw_code == null) {

website/src/pages/dough/index.astro

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+import HeadCommon from '../../components/HeadCommon.astro';
+import Dough from '../../components/Dough/Dough.astro';
+---
+
+<html lang="en" class="m-0 dark">
+  <head>
+    <HeadCommon />
+    <title>Strudel Dough REPL</title>
+  </head>
+  <body class="h-app-height bg-background m-0">
+    <Dough />
+    <a rel="me" href="https://social.toplap.org/@strudel" target="_blank" class="hidden">mastodon</a>
+  </body>
+</html>

website/src/pages/learn/faq.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+---
+title: Frequently Asked Questions
+layout: ../../layouts/MainLayout.astro
+---
+
+import { MiniRepl } from '../../docs/MiniRepl';
+import { JsDoc } from '../../docs/JsDoc';
+
+# Frequently Asked Questions
+
+This page contains frequently asked questions, with answers. Usually, the topic is explained in more detail in a section which is linked in the answer.
+
+## Is Strudel/Tidal free?
+
+Yes - there is no charge, this is a collective open source project, and the music you make with it is your own. However if you can, please make a one-off or regular donation to our [opencollective fund](https://opencollective.com/tidalcycles), that supports the software and cultural development of Strudel and other Uzu languages.
+
+While there is no charge there are some caveats, e.g.:
+
+- the source code must stay free, i.e. you cannot distribute strudel or tidal as part of projects with incompatible licenses - see the [license](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html) for details.
+- the contributed examples and tracks are also separately licensed, and must not e.g. be used to train AI models without permission.
+
+## How do I try out the latest features?
+
+The main, stable strudel website is [strudel.cc](https://strudel.cc/). There is also [warm.strudel.cc](https://warm.strudel.cc), known as "warm strudel", which has the latest development features. You might find warm strudel has bug fixes and features that the main website doesn't, but it will often be less stable and probably not suitable for important performances.
+
+Alternatively, you can run strudel locally to try out the latest features. You can find development-oriented [instructions for that here](https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#project-setup).
+
+You can see the [latest changes here](https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/pulls?q=&type=all&sort=recentupdate&state=closed&labels=&milestone=0&project=0&assignee=0&poster=0), as 'pull requests'.
+
+## How to record or export audio?
+
+Strudel is not a digital audio workstation and does not operate following the same principles shared by most traditional audio softwares. However, there are multiple ways to record the audio -- and video -- output of Strudel:
+
+- Use the 'export' tab to render and download as an audio file.
+- capture the raw stereo signal coming out of your web browser. You will need an external audio editor/DAW such as Reaper/Audacity/Ardour, etc.
+- use the alternative SuperDirt audio engine. Read [this page](/learn/input-output/#oscsuperdirtstrudeldirt) to know more about it.
+- capture the audio/video stream using a capture tool such as [OBS](https://obsproject.com/fr), which is designed for live streaming, but also works very well for recording.
+- don't record anything and code it again in front of your friends.
+
+## Can I use strudel with my IDE?
+
+Yes you can. There are experimental modes, made by community members, for several IDEs such as:
+
+- VS Code: [Strudel VS](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=cmillsdev.strudelvs): an experimental mode for Microsoft VSCode. A revived version of [TidalStrudel](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=roipoussiere.tidal-strudel), which is defunct.
+- nvim: [strudel.nvim](https://github.com/gruvw/strudel.nvim)
+
+## How can I use my own samples?
+
+There are multiple ways to load your sample collection. Some methods are good for quick experimentation, some others are good to share your audio collection with other musicians:
+
+- Import folders [from the interface](/learn/samples/#from-disk-via-import-sounds-folder). These are stored locally in your web browser, and not uploaded.
+- Serve a folder of samples locally using the [strudel 'sampler' commandline tool](https://strudel.cc/learn/samples/#from-disk-via-strudelsampler). This can be most reliable method, but requires [nodejs](https://nodejs.org) to be installed.
+- Host your sound library online on the web and [load them from an URL](/learn/samples/#loading-custom-samples)
+
+## Can I use Strudel with AI/LLM tools?
+
+You are free to do what you like with Strudel, within the terms of the free/open source AGPLv3 license.
+However as a community we are interested in exploring human creativity. AI is _way_ over-hyped right now,
+including by people with very shady motives. Many in the community are very wary of people training models
+on their tunes that they've poured their love into. So please keep discussion and questions around AI and
+LLMs to channels dedicated to the topic and be fully respectful of other people's work.
+
+Furthermore, tools like ChatGPT generally give wrong answers. Please don't ask the community to fix those
+answers for you, as generally they will be timewasting nonsense.
+
+Human questions are always welcome!
+
+## Where can I download loads of patterns to train my LLM?
+
+You cannot, as there is no such place. For details regarding our stance towards AI/LLM, see [above](/learn/faq/#can-i-use-strudel-with-aillm-tools)
+
+## How to run offline?
+
+Strudel works offline just fine! There are multiple techniques for this, see [this explanation](learn/pwa/#using-strudel-offline).
+
+## How to change tempo? How do I translate BPM to cpm?
+
+Strudel works in cycles, rather than beats, but if you assume a certain number of beats per cycle, you can convert between them.
+
+For example, if you have your tempo in beats per minute and use 4 beats per cycle (e.g. if your track is in 4/4ths) then you can do `setcpm(BPM/4)`
+where BPM is your beats per minute.
+
+If you have a different number of beats per bar or are using more or less beats per cycle (e.g. If you want to put only half a bar or
+two bars into one cycle), adjust accordingly.
+
+## Where can I see all the functions?
+
+If you pop open the sidetab of strudel.cc (small white < on the right hand side), there is a tab "reference" which lists all the functions of strudel.
+
+## Where can I see all the samples and synths?
+
+If you pop open the sidetab of strudel.cc (small white < on the right hand side), there is a tab "sounds" which lists all the drum machines, samples and synths currently loaded.
+
+## How do I use this exactly like a DAW?
+
+Strudel has different design aims for a DAW, and so treating it like one will likely be frustrating. DAWs are geared towards
+sequencing notes over time in predictable ways, whereas Strudel and similar Uzu languages are geared towards combining and
+transforming patterns in ways that can be hard to predict.
+
+If you want to emulate the functionality of a DAW in Strudel, you'll have to identify the operations
+executed by the DAW (sequencing, repeating, applying filters and envelopes) and write code that is equivalent to these
+operations. For example in Strudel, the 'arrange' and 'pick' methods are useful for sequencing patterns over time (see question on these later in this document).
+
+You might still find that the typical DAW workflow is not really adapted to live coding because, despite
+both being ways of making music on the computer, they are two very different tools. You could then adapt your way of proceeding
+to the medium of code, which might mean leaving more place to serendipity and writing code that you don't predict the output of.
+
+## Why doesn't everyone just use a DAW?
+
+There is no easy answer to this question. Here are some thoughts:
+
+- Live coding tools such as Strudel are excellent for improvising music and visuals using a computer. DAWs are valuable and robust companions for other activities such as producing, mastering and mixing audio, among other usages. Using a tool does not exclude from using any another tool, just build a toolbox.
+
+- Live coding has developed over decades as a distinct creative practice. For example, live coding artists like to show their screens while playing in front of an audience. It is an essential part of what they do, of the way they share their activity with everybody.
+
+- Code is a human language, it is made for other humans to read it. You can read the code and enjoy the music too. It has meaning, value, and there might even be something poetic/important about it! - Strudel is free and open source, you can inspect the code, reshape it, contribute to it if you can/want. It is not opaque and this matters for many people. There is no black box, no obscure abstractions, no business model, no user tracking or hidden features. We need open tools in the arts! - Live coders don't all shy away from using DAWs. Many use them all of the time, especially when it makes their life easier for... live coding!
+
+- Code is an artistic material like any other. There is something valuable in the process of making music through code. More generally speaking, it is nice to tackle creative problems through the use of a programming language: creative thinking, building up your own solutions, DIY approach to music-making, unexpected outcome of algorithms, funny human errors, etc.
+
+- There are pianos and trumpets in your DAW: why do people continue playing the piano or the trumpet? Think of live coding tools as instruments that you activate through the act of programming.
+
+## How can I interface Strudel with my favorite music software? What can I do with it?
+
+Strudel can send [MIDI and OSC](/learn/input-output/), which are protocols for communicating musical information.
+
+Other music software (or hardware!) can then listen to these messages and process them according to its capabilities.
+
+A simple example would be to send livecoded audio to a DAW like Ardour on different tracks and then use it to mix them.
+
+You could also send the MIDI of a sequenced pattern to Musescore and then have it transcribe your livecoded work as a musical score.
+
+You could also send MIDI to your hardware synths, if you like their sound.
+
+## How do I use this in my closed source webgame or other software?
+
+You don't. You need to license your game to a free/open source license fulfill the [AGPLv3 license](https://codeberg.org/uzu/strudel/src/branch/main/LICENSE) Strudel is distributed under.
+
+## How to play different patterns simultaneously?
+
+Using the $ operator, several patterns can be played at once:
+
+<MiniRepl
+  client:idle
+  tune={`$: s("bd*4").bank("tr707")
+$: s("- sd").bank("tr909")`}
+/>
+
+See also [stack](intro/#combining-patterns)
+
+## Is it possible to mute a pattern?
+
+With an additional underscore, a pattern can be muted.
+
+<MiniRepl
+  client:idle
+  tune={`$: s("bd*4").bank("tr707")
+_$: s("- sd").bank("tr909")`}
+/>
+
+See also [hush](/learn/conditional-modifiers/#hush)
+
+## How can I arrange in Strudel using `mask`?
+
+With mini-notation, using the `<>` and `!` operators, you can try something like
+
+```
+.mask("<0!24 1!40>")
+```
+
+It mutes a pattern for 24 cycles and plays it for 40. You would gain 64 cycles total, a multiple of 2/4/8 commonly used in western music.
+
+If each cycle is a bar, as a starting point, you could write a mask like that for any pattern:
+
+```
+.mask("<0!16 0!16 0!16 0!16 0!16 0!10>")
+```
+
+It mutes it throughout.
+
+For arranging, you could add the same mask to each part and replace some zeroes with ones in your different masks to make parts play.
+
+If you use `.mask()` on different patterns mess up your counting, then patterns do not align anymore.
+On the other hand, doing that on purpose is one of the things that could be considered a strength of tidalcycles and Strudel.
+You can make things quite lively and more organic with a little (controlled) interference, according to your own taste.
+And you are free to arrange in cycles like 3, 6 or 9 too.
+
+To modify everything at once, you could try all and when, for example:
+
+```
+all(x=>x.when("<0!7 1>", x=>x.lpf(saw.range(200, 2000))))
+```
+
+This would lowpass filter sweep everything every 8 cycles.
+
+## How can I arrange in Strudel using `arrange` or `pick`?
+
+Take [Pachelbel's Canon in D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachelbel%27s_Canon#Analysis) as an example which has 4 voices (one cello and 3 violins) which have repeating patterns, as seen in the link above.
+
+The following snipped defines the patterns as constants which can then be used for the different voices. `arrange` takes multiple arguments, which are each a number of cycles and a pattern which is played for the number of cycles, wrapped in `[]` If the pattern is shorter than the number, it is repeated.
+
+<MiniRepl client:idle tune={`const cello = note(
+  "<[d3 a2 b2 f#2] [g2 d3 g2 a2]>")
+  .color("grey").sound("gm_tremolo_strings:3")
+ const violin_p1 = note(
+  "<[f#5 e5 d5 c#5] [b4 a4 b4 c#5]>")
+  .color("blue")
+ const violin_p2 = note(
+  "<[d5 c#5 b4 a4] [ g4 f#4 g4 f#4]>")
+ .color("green")
+ const violin_p3 = note(
+  "<[d4 f#4 a4 g4 f#4 d4 f#4 e4] [d4 b3 d4 a4 g4 b4 a4 g4]>")
+  .color("purple")
+ const violin_p4 = note(
+  "<[f#4 d4 e4 c#5 d5 f#5 a5 a4] [b4 g4 a4 f#4 d4 d5 [d5@3 c#5]@2]>")
+  .color("red")
+
+cello$: arrange(
+  [2, silence],
+  [18,cello])
+ violin1$: arrange(
+[4,silence],
+[2,violin_p1], [2,violin_p2],
+[2,violin_p3], [2,violin_p4],
+[2,violin_p1], [2,violin_p2],
+[2,violin_p3], [2,violin_p4]
+).sound("gm_tremolo_strings:0")
+violin2$: arrange(
+  [6,silence], [2,violin_p1], 
+  [2,violin_p2], [2,violin_p3], 
+  [2,violin_p4], [2,violin_p1], 
+  [2,violin_p2], [2,violin_p3] 
+  ).sound("gm_tremolo_strings:1")
+ violin3$: arrange(
+[8,silence],
+[2,violin_p1], [2,violin_p2],
+[2,violin_p3], [2,violin_p4],
+[2,violin_p1], [2,violin_p2]
+).sound("gm_tremolo_strings:2")
+
+    all(x => x.release(.2))
+
+`} />
+
+Alternatively, you can also put the different patterns for the violins into one single array (`const violins = [violin_p1, violin_p2, violin_p3, violin_p4]`) and use a pattern as an index to `pick` the nth element of that array. This replaces the voices defined above. Here you use `0@2` to specifiy that the first item (i.e. with index `0`) is played for `2` cycles.
+
+`pick` has better highlighting than `arrange`:
+
+<MiniRepl client:idle tune={`const cello = note(
+  "<[d3 a2 b2 f#2] [g2 d3 g2 a2]>")
+  .color("grey").sound("gm_tremolo_strings:3")
+ const violin_p1 = note(
+  "<[f#5 e5 d5 c#5] [b4 a4 b4 c#5]>")
+  .color("blue")
+ const violin_p2 = note(
+  "<[d5 c#5 b4 a4] [ g4 f#4 g4 f#4]>")
+ .color("green")
+ const violin_p3 = note(
+  "<[d4 f#4 a4 g4 f#4 d4 f#4 e4] [d4 b3 d4 a4 g4 b4 a4 g4]>")
+  .color("purple")
+ const violin_p4 = note(
+  "<[f#4 d4 e4 c#5 d5 f#5 a5 a4] [b4 g4 a4 f#4 d4 d5 [d5@3 c#5]@2]>")
+  .color("red")
+
+const violins = [violin_p1, violin_p2, violin_p3, violin_p4]
+
+cello$: "<~@2 0@18>".pick([cello])
+violin1$: "<~@4 0@2 1@2 2@2 3@2 0@2 1@2 2@2 3@2>".pick(violins)
+.sound("gm_tremolo_strings:0")
+violin2$: "<~@6 0@2 1@2 2@2 3@2 0@2 1@2 2@2>".pick(violins)
+.sound("gm_tremolo_strings:1")
+violin3$: "<~@8 0@2 1@2 2@2 3@2 0@2 1@2 >".pick(violins)
+.sound("gm_tremolo_strings:2")
+all(x => x.release(.2))
+`} />
+
+The `pick` method also works with jsons which have named elements, which makes it easier to read, see the [here](/learn/conditional-modifiers/#pick). `pickRestart` restarts the pattern upon picking it which can make a difference if the duration of the pick indexes doesn't line up with the patterns which are picked - which is not the case here.
+
+Try adding `.punchcard()` after the `release(.2)` for a visualization.
+
+## I saw Switch Angel using functions which I cannot find in the reference (e.g. `trancegate`). How do I make it work?
+
+Methods like `trancegate()`, `rlpf()` and `acidenv()` are currently not pattern methods which come natively with strudel.
+
+They are part of a script/prebake for strudel which was written by Switch Angel and published [here](https://github.com/switchangel/strudel-scripts)
+
+You can find the instructions how to use that script in the readme.md there.
+
+## Is there difference between `n` and `note`?
+
+They are not aliases of each other, in contrast to `s` and `sound`.
+
+The method `note` is used to reference a certain note (either as its name, such as `c` or `b2` or the midi number `69`, for example `note("c3 e3 g3")`).
+
+On the other hand, `n` is a way to reference the nth index of something. This something can be a scale (eg `n("0 2 4").scale("C:major")`) , but it can also be a particular note in a chord (see https://strudel.cc/recipes/recipes/#arpeggios for an example) .
+
+The method `n` can also be used for something completely unrelated to notes, in particular the nth sample from a sample map `s("hh*8").bank("RolandTR909").n("0 1 2 3")`.
+
+<MiniRepl
+  client:idle
+  tune={`
+        n("<[0 1 2 3@3 -@2] [3 2 1 0@3 -@2] >")
+        .scale("A:minor:pentatonic")
+        .s("gm_acoustic_guitar_steel").n("<0 1 2 3>/2")`}
+/>
+
+Note that `n` is not the only way that functions use indices, some take numbered patterns instead.
+
+## Is there a cheat sheet for all symbols?
+
+Yes!
+
+```
+'   marks start and end of strings, is different from "
+"   marks start and end of single line patterns in mini notation, is different from '
+`   marks start and end of patterns with line breaks in mini notation, is different from '
+[]  used for patterns in mini notation, each item in it has the same length
+<>  used for patterns, alternates between items each cycle
+{}  historically used for polyrhythmic patterns. {a b c}%4 is the same as <a b c>*4.
+@3  elongates the item by a factor of 3 (other numbers work too, even non-integer, but for numbers between 0 and 1 you need a leading zero like this: @0.5)
+@   after an item: elongates the item once (multiple @ work too c @ @ is the same as c@3)
+_   after an item: also elongates an item once (multiple _ work too c _ _ is the same as c@3), see below for a different usage.
+.   this divides equal parts of a pattern and is called a foot. Can be used instead of [] like this: "1 6 7 8 . 2 . 3 . 4" is the same as "[1 6 7 8] 2 3 4"
+-   silence
+~   also silence
+x   not silence (for the use in struct, any non-silence symbol works there)
+b   decrease by one semitone, i.e. flat, works for steps of scales, note names (but not midi numbers) and chord names
+s   increase by one semitone, i.e. sharp, works for steps of scales, note names (but not midi numbers) but not chord names
+#   increase by one semitone, i.e. sharp works for steps of scales, note names (but not midi numbers) and chord names
+#   also used in mondo notation
+*3  play the sample or pattern at thrice the speed, fast(3)
+!3  play the sample or pattern three times
+/2  play the sample or pattern at half speed, slow(2)
+?   play the pattern sometimes
+|   once per cycle, choose randomly a pattern of those separated by i.e. chooseCycles()
+,   play all items separated by it at the same time, i.e. stack()
+:   is used to separate multiple parameters, such as adsr(".1:.1:.5:.2"), this is is an operator which creates a list of these objects.
+$:  at the start of a line, defines a member of the stack. is the only stack name that should occur multiple names
+_   before a stack name: mutes the stack, i.e. hush(), for example _$: s("bd"), see above for a different usage.
+```

website/src/pages/learn/input-output.mdx

@@ -16,10 +16,14 @@ It is also possible to pattern other things with Strudel, such as software and h
 
 Strudel supports MIDI without any additional software (thanks to [webmidi](https://npmjs.com/package/webmidi)), just by adding methods to your pattern:
 
-## midiin(inputName?)
+## midin(inputName?)
 
 <JsDoc client:idle name="midin" h={0} />
 
+## midikeys(inputName?)
+
+<JsDoc client:idle name="midikeys" h={0} />
+
 ## midi(outputName?,options?)
 
 Either connect a midi device or use the IAC Driver (Mac) or Midi Through Port (Linux) for internal midi messages.

website/src/pages/learn/metadata.mdx

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import { JsDoc } from '../../docs/JsDoc';
 You can optionally add some music metadata in your Strudel code, by using tags in code comments:
 
 ```js
-// @title Hey Hoo
-// @by Sam Tagada
-// @license CC BY-NC-SA
+// @title My Cool Song
+// @by John Doe
+// @license CC-BY-SA-4.0
 ```
 
 Like other comments, those are ignored by Strudel, but it can be used by other tools to retrieve some information about the music.
@@ -24,22 +24,22 @@ You can also use comment blocks:
 
 ```js
 /*
-@title Hey Hoo
-@by Sam Tagada
-@license CC BY-NC-SA
+@title My Cool Song
+@by John Doe
+@license CC-BY-SA-4.0
 */
 ```
 
 Or define multiple tags in one line:
 
 ```js
-// @title Hey Hoo @by Sam Tagada @license CC BY-NC-SA
+// @title My Cool Song @by John Doe @license CC-BY-SA-4.0
 ```
 
 The `title` tag has an alternative syntax using quotes (must be defined at the very begining):
 
 ```js
-// "Hey Hoo" @by Sam Tagada
+// "My Cool Song" @by John Doe
 ```
 
 ## Tags list
@@ -48,11 +48,14 @@ Available tags are:
 
 - `@title`: music title
 - `@by`: music author(s), separated by comma, eventually followed with a link in `<>` (ex: `@by John Doe <https://example.com>`)
-- `@license`: music license(s), e.g. CC BY-NC-SA. Unsure? [Choose a creative commons license here](https://creativecommons.org/choose/)
+- `@license`: music license(s), separated by comma. Each license should be specified by using the correct identifier in the [https://spdx.org/licenses/](SPDX License List). Example: CC-BY-SA-4.0. Unsure? [Choose a Creative Commons license here](https://creativecommons.org/choose/).
 - `@details`: some additional information about the music
-- `@url`: web page(s) related to the music (git repo, soundcloud link, etc.)
-- `@genre`: music genre(s) (pop, jazz, etc)
+- `@url`: web page(s) related to the music (git repository, Soundcloud link, etc.)
+- `@genre`: music genre(s) (pop, jazz, etc.)
 - `@album`: music album name
+- `@tag`: custom tag
+
+Note to tool authors: _Never_ trust that a song has filled those fields with syntactically correct values; make sure your software is robust enough it doesn't break if it encounters bad values
 
 ## Multiple values
 
@@ -60,8 +63,8 @@ Some of them accepts several values, using the comma or new line separator, or d
 
 ```js
 /*
-@by Sam Tagada
-    Jimmy
+@by John Doe
+    Jane Doe
 @genre pop, jazz
 @url https://example.com
 @url https://example.org
@@ -72,11 +75,11 @@ You can also add optional prefixes and use tags where you want:
 
 ```js
 /*
-song @by Sam Tagada
-samples @by Jimmy
+song @by John Doe
+samples @by Jane Doe
 */
 ...
-note("a3 c#4 e4 a4") // @by Sandy
+note("a3 c#4 e4 a4") // @by Sandy Sue
 ```
 
 ## Multiline
@@ -90,3 +93,21 @@ If a tag doesn't accept a list, it can take multi-line values:
          the sofa in the living room.
 */
 ```
+
+# Searching meta-data in the online repl
+
+Meta-data can be used in the search field of the patterns tab in the online repl.
+
+For example to search for all patterns by a specific author use the search term
+
+```
+by: Ada L
+```
+
+or search for patterns with a specific genre like
+
+```
+genre: unicorns
+```
+
+Hint: If no meta-data property is provided in the search all patterns with a `@title`, `@by` or `@tag` matching the search term will be shown.

website/src/pages/learn/mini-notation.mdx

@@ -142,6 +142,8 @@ The "~" represents a rest, and will create silence between other events:
 
 <MiniRepl client:idle tune={`note("[b4 [~ c5] d5 e5]")`} punchcard />
 
+Alternatively, "-" can be used instead of "~". It means the same thing.
+
 ## Parallel / polyphony
 
 Using commas, we can play chords.

website/src/pages/technical-manual/repl.mdx

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ note("c3 [e3 g3]*2")
 is transpiled to:
 
 ```strudel
-note(m('c3 [e3 g3]', 5))
+note(m('c3 [e3 g3]*2', 5))
 ```
 
 Here, the string is wrapped in `m`, which will create a pattern from a mini-notation string. As the second parameter, it gets passed source code location of the string, which enables highlighting active events later.

website/src/pages/technical-manual/sounds.mdx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Let's take a closer look about how sounds are implemented in the webaudio output
 
 All sounds are registered in the sound map, using the the `registerSound` function:
 
-```ts
+```js
 function registerSound(
   name: string, // The name of the sound that should be given to `s`, e.g. `mysaw`
   // The function called by the scheduler to trigger the sound:
@@ -35,34 +35,36 @@ When `registerSound` is called, it registers `{ onTrigger, data }` under the giv
 
 This might be a bit abstract, so here is a minimal example:
 
-```js
-registerSound(
-  'mysaw',
-  (time, value, onended) => {
-    let { freq } = value; // destructure control params
-    const ctx = getAudioContext();
-    // create oscillator
-    const o = new OscillatorNode(ctx, { type: 'sawtooth', frequency: Number(freq) });
-    o.start(time);
-    // add gain node to level down osc
-    const g = new GainNode(ctx, { gain: 0.3 });
-    // connect osc to gain
-    const node = o.connect(g);
-    // this function can be called from outside to stop the sound
-    const stop = (time) => o.stop(time);
-    // ended will be fired when stop has been fired
-    o.addEventListener('ended', () => {
-      o.disconnect();
-      g.disconnect();
-      onended();
-    });
-    return { node, stop };
-  },
-  { type: 'synth' },
-);
-// use the sound
-freq(220, 440, 330).s('mysaw');
-```
+<MiniRepl
+  client:idle
+  tune={`
+  registerSound(
+    'mysaw',
+    (time, value, onended) => {
+      let { freq } = value; // destructure control params
+      const ctx = getAudioContext();
+      // create oscillator
+      const o = new OscillatorNode(ctx, { type: 'sawtooth', frequency: Number(freq) });
+      o.start(time);
+      // add gain node to level down osc
+      const g = new GainNode(ctx, { gain: 0.3 });
+      // connect osc to gain
+      const node = o.connect(g);
+      // this function can be called from outside to stop the sound
+      const stop = (time) => o.stop(time);
+      // ended will be fired when stop has been fired
+      o.addEventListener('ended', () => {
+        o.disconnect();
+        g.disconnect();
+        onended();
+      });
+      return { node, stop };
+    },
+    { type: 'synth' },
+  );
+  // use the sound
+  freq("220 440 330").s('mysaw');`}
+/>
 
 You can actually use this code in the [REPL](https://strudel.cc/) and it'll work.
 After evaluating the code, you should see `mysaw` in listed in the sounds tab.